68:4 Al-Qalam (The Pen)
وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ خُلُقٍ عَظِيمࣲ
And thou (standest) on an exalted standard of character
And lo! thou art of a tremendous nature
And verily, you are on an exalted character
وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ خُلُقٍ عَظِيمࣲ
And thou (standest) on an exalted standard of character
And lo! thou art of a tremendous nature
And verily, you are on an exalted character
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(ن) سبق الكلام على الحروف المقطعة في أول سورة البقرة. أقسم الله بالقلم الذي يكتب به الملائكة والناس، وبما يكتبون من الخير والنفع والعلوم. ما أنت -أيها الرسول- بسبب نعمة الله عليك بالنبوة والرسالة بضعيف العقل، ولا سفيه الرأي، وإن لك على ما تلقاه من شدائد على تبليغ الرسالة لَثوابًا عظيمًا غير منقوص ولا مقطوع، وإنك -أيها الرسول- لعلى خلق عظيم، وهو ما اشتمل عليه القرآن من مكارم الأخلاق؛ فقد كان امتثال القرآن سجية له يأتمر بأمره، وينتهي عما ينهى عنه.
Source: King Fahd Complex via spa5k/tafsir_api · reference
{ وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلى خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ } أي: عاليًا به، مستعليًا بخلقك الذي من الله عليك به، وحاصل خلقه العظيم، ما فسرته به أم المؤمنين، [عائشة -رضي الله عنها-] لمن سألها عنه، فقالت: \"كان خلقه القرآن\"، وذلك نحو قوله تعالى له: { خُذِ الْعَفْوَ وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْجَاهِلِينَ } { فَبِمَا رَحْمَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ لِنْتَ لَهُمْ } [الآية]، { لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ عَزِيزٌ عَلَيْهِ مَا عَنِتُّمْ حَرِيُصُ عَلَيْكُم بِالمْؤُمِنِينَ رَؤُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ } وما أشبه ذلك من الآيات الدالات على اتصافه صلى الله عليه وسلم بمكارم الأخلاق، [والآيات] الحاثات على الخلق العظيم فكان له منها أكملها وأجلها، وهو في كل خصلة منها، في الذروة العليا، فكان صلى الله عليه وسلم سهلًا لينا، قريبًا من الناس، مجيبًا لدعوة من دعاه، قاضيًا لحاجة من استقضاه، جابرًا لقلب من سأله، لا يحرمه، ولا يرده خائبًا، وإذا أراد أصحابه منه أمرًا وافقهم عليه، وتابعهم فيه إذا لم يكن فيه محذور، وإن عزم على أمر لم يستبد به دونهم، بل يشاورهم ويؤامرهم، وكان يقبل من محسنهم، ويعفو عن مسيئهم، ولم يكن يعاشر جليسًا له إلا أتم عشرة وأحسنها، فكان لا يعبس في وجهه، ولا يغلظ عليه في مقاله، ولا يطوي عنه بشره، ولا يمسك عليه فلتات لسانه، ولا يؤاخذه بما يصدر منه من جفوة، بل يحسن إلي عشيره غاية الإحسان، ويحتمله غاية الاحتمال صلى الله عليه وسلم.
Source: Saadi via spa5k/tafsir_api · reference
وقوله تعالى "وإنك لعلى خلق عظيم" قال العوفي عن ابن عباس وإنك لعلى دين عظيم وهو الإسلام وكذلك قال مجاهد وأبو مالك والسدي والربيع بن أنس وكذا قال الضحاك وابن زيد. وقال عطية لعلى أدب عظيم وقال معمر عن قتادة سئلت عائشة عن خلق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قالت: كان خلقه القرآن تقول كما هو في القرآن.وقال سعيد بن أبي عروبة عن قتادة قوله "وإنك لعلى خلق عظيم" ذكر لنا أن سعيد بن هشام سأل عائشة عن خلق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالت ألست تقرأ القرآن؟ قال بلى قالت فإن خلق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان القرآن. وقال عبدالرزاق عن معمر عن قتادة عن زرارة بن أوفى عن سعد بن هشام قال سألت عائشة فقلت أخبريني يا أم المؤمنين عن خلق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالت أتقرأ القرآن؟ فقلت نعم فقالت كان خلقه القرآن هذا مختصر من حديث طويل وقد رواه الإمام مسلم في صحيحه من حديث قتادة بطوله وسيأتي في سورة المزمل إن شاء الله تعالى وبه الثقة. وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا إسماعيل حدثنا يونس عن الحسن قال سألت عائشة عن خلق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالت كان خلقه القرآن. وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا أسود حدثنا شريك عن قيس بن وهب عن رجل من بني سواد قال سألت عائشة عن خلق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالت أما تقرأ القرآن؟ "وإنك لعلى خلق عظيم" قال: قلت حدثيني عن ذاك قالت صنعت له طعاما وصنعت له حفصة طعاما فقالت لجاريتي اذهبي فإن جاءت هي بالطعام فوضعته قبل فاطرحي الطعام قالت: فجاءت بالطعام قالت فألقت الجارية فوقعت القصعة فانكسرت وكان نطع قالت فجمعه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وقال "اقتصوا - أو اقتضى شك أسود - ظرفا مكان ظرفك" قالت فما قال شيئا. وقال ابن جرير حدثنا عبيد بن آدم بن أبي إياس حدثنا أبي حدثنا المبارك بن فضالة عن الحسن عن سعد بن هشام قال أتيت عائشة أم المؤمنين رضي الله عنها فقلت لها أخبريني بخلق النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالت: كان خلقه القرآن أما تقرأ "وإنك لعل خلق عظيم" وقد روى أبو داود والنسائي من حديث الحسن نحوه وقال ابن جرير حدثني يونس أنبأنا ابن وهب أخبرني معاوية بن صالح عن أبي الزاهرية عن جبير بن نفير قال حججت فدخلت على عائشة رضي الله عنها فسألتها عن خلق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالت كان خلق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم القرآن وهكذا رواه أحمد عن عبدالرحمن بن مهدي. رواه النسائي في التفسير عن إسحاق بن منصور عن عبدالرحمن بن مهدي عن معاوية بن صالح به. ومعنى هذا أنه عليه الصلاة والسلام صار امتثال القرآن أمرا ونهيا سجية له وخلقا تطبعه وترك طبعه الجبلي فمهما أمره القرآن فعله ومهما نهاه عنه تركه هذا مع ما جبله الله عليه من الخلق العظيم من الحياء والكرم والشجاعة والصفح والحلم وكل خلق جميل كما ثبت في الصحيحين عن أنس قال: خدمت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عشر سنين فما قال لي أف قط ولا قال لشيء فعلته لم فعلته؟ ولا لشيء لم أفعله ألا فعلته وكان صلى الله عليه وسلم أحسن الناس خلقا ولا مسست خزا ولا حريرا ولا شيئا كان ألين من كف رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ولا شممت مسكا ولا عطرا كان أطيب من عرق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم. وقال البخاري حدثنا إسحاق بن منصور حدثنا إبراهيم بن يونس عن أبيه عن أبي إسحاق قال سمعت البراء يقول: كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أحسن الناس وجها وأحسن الناس خلقا ليس بالطويل ولا بالقصير. والأحاديث في هذا كثيرة ولأبي عيسى الترمذي في هذا كتاب الشمائل قال الإمام أحمد حدثنا عبدالرزاق حدثنا معمر عن الزهري عن عروة عن عائشة قالت: ما ضرب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بيده خادما له قط ولا ضرب امرأة ولا ضرب بيده شيء قط إلا أن يجاهد في سبيل الله ولا خير بين شيئين قط إلا كان أحبهما إليه أيسرهما حتى يكون إثما فإذا كان إثما كان أبعد الناس من الإثم ولا انتقم لنفسه من شيء يؤتى إليه إلا أن تنتهك حرمات الله فيكون هو ينتقم لله عز وجل. وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا سعيد بن منصور حدثنا عبد العزيز بن محمد عن محمد بن عجلان عن القعقاع بن حكيم عن أبي صالح عن أبي هريرة قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "إنما بعثت لأتمم صالح الأخلاق" تفرد به.
Source: Ibn Kathir via spa5k/tafsir_api · reference
Which was revealed in Makkah
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
ن
(Nun), is like Allah's saying,
ص
(Sad), and Allah's saying,
ق
(Qaf), and similar to them from the individual letters that appear at the beginning of Qur'anic chapters. This has been dis- cussed at length previously and there is no need to repeat it here.
The Explanation of the Pen Concerning
Allah's statement,
وَالْقَلَمِ
(By the pen) The apparent meaning is that this refers to the actual pen that is used to write. This is like Allah's saying,
اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الاٌّكْرَمُ - الَّذِى عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ - عَلَّمَ الإِنسَـنَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ
(Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous. Who has taught by the pen. He has taught man that which he knew not.) (96:3-5) Therefore, this statement is Allah's swearing and alerting His creatures to what He has favored them with by teaching them the skill of writing, through which knowledge is attained. Thus, Allah continues by saying,
وَمَا يَسْطُرُونَ
(and by what they Yastur.) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and Qatadah all said that this means, "what they write." As-Suddi said, "The angels and the deeds of the servants they record." Others said, "Rather, what is meant here is the pen which Allah caused to write the decree when He wrote the decrees of all creation, and this took place fifty-thousand years before He created the heavens and the earth." For this, they present Hadiths that have been reported about the Pen. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Al-Walid bin `Ubadah bin As-Samit that he said, "My father called for me when he was dying and he said to me: `Verily, I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say,
«إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا خَلَقَ اللهُ الْقَلَمُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: اكْتُبْ، قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ وَمَا أَكْتُبُ؟ قَالَ: اكْتُبِ الْقَدَرَ وَمَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ إِلَى الْأَبَد»
(Verily, the first of what Allah created was the Pen, and He said to it: "Write." The Pen said: "O my Lord, what shall I write" He said: "Write the decree and whatever will throughout eternity.")" This Hadith has been recorded by Imam Ahmad through various routes of transmission. At-Tirmidhi also recorded it from a Hadith of Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi and he (At-Tirmidhi) said about it, "Hasan Sahih, Gharib."
Swearing by the Pen refers to the Greatness of the Prophet
Allah says,
مَآ أَنتَ بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ بِمَجْنُونٍ
(You, by the grace of your Lord, are not insane.) meaning -- and all praise is due to Allah -- `you are not crazy as the ignorant among your people claim. They are those who deny the guidance and the clear truth that you have come with. Therefore, they attribute madness to you because of it.'
وَإِنَّ لَكَ لاّجْراً غَيْرَ مَمْنُونٍ
(And verily, for you will be reward that is not Mamnun.) meaning, `for you is the great reward, and abundant blessings which will never be cut off or perish, because you conveyed the Message of your Lord to creation, and you were patient with their abuse.' The meaning of:
غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ
(not Mamnun) is that it will not be cut off. This is similar to Allah's statement,
عَطَآءً غَيْرَ مَجْذُوذٍ
(a gift without an end.) (11:108) and His statement,
فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ
(Then they shall have a reward without end.) (95:6) Mujahid said,
غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ
(Without Mamnun) means "Without reckoning." And this refers back to what we have said before.
The Explanation of the Statement: "Verily, You are on an Exalted Character."
Concerning Allah's statement,
وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَى خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ
(And verily, you are on an exalted (standard of) character.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "Verily, you are on a great religion, and it is Islam." Likewise said Mujahid, Abu Malik, As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd also said this. Sa`id bin Abi `Arubah reported from Qatadah that he said concerning Allah's statement,
وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَى خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ
(And verily, you are on an exalted (standard of) character.) "It has been mentioned to us that Sa`d bin Hisham asked `A'ishah about the character of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so she replied: `Have you not read the Qur'an' Sa`d said: `Of course.' Then she said: `Verily, the character of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was the Qur'an."' `Abdur-Razzaq recorded similar to this and Imam Muslim recorded it in his Sahih on the authority of Qatadah in its full length. This means that he would act according to the commands and the prohibition in the Qur'an. His nature and character were patterned according to the Qur'an, and he abandoned his natural disposition (i.e., the carnal nature). So whatever the Qur'an commanded, he did it, and whatever it forbade, he avoided it. Along with this, Allah gave him the exalted character, which included the qualities of modesty, kindness, bravery, pardoning, gentleness and every other good characteristic. This is like that which has been confirmed in the Two Sahihs that Anas said, "I served the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for ten years, and he never said a word of displeasure to me (Uff), nor did he ever say to me concerning something I had done: `Why did you do that' And he never said to me concerning something I had not done: `Why didn't you do this' He had the best character, and I never touched any silk or anything else that was softer than the palm of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. And I never smelled any musk or perfume that had a better fragrance than the sweat of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." Imam Al-Bukhari recorded that Al-Bara' said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ had the most handsome face of all the people, and he had the best behavior of all of the people. And he was not tall, nor was he short." The Hadiths concerning this matter are numerous. Abu `Isa At-Tirmidhi has a complete book on this subject called Kitab Ash-Shama'il. Imam Ahmad recorded that `A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ never struck a servant of his with his hand, nor did he ever hit a woman. He never hit anything with his hand, except for when he was fighting Jihad in the cause of Allah. And he was never given the option between two things except that the most beloved of the two to him was the easiest of them, as long as it did not involve sin. If it did involve sin, then he stayed farther away from sin than any of the people. He would not avenge himself concerning anything that was done to him, except if the limits of Allah were transgressed. Then, in that case he would avenge for the sake of Allah." Imam Ahmad also recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«إِنَّمَا بُعِثْتُ لِأُتَمِّمَ صَالِحَ الْأَخْلَاق»
(I have only been sent to perfect righteous behavior.) Ahmad was alone in recording this Hadith. In reference to Allah's statement,
فَسَتُبْصِرُ وَيُبْصِرُونَ - بِأَيِّكُمُ الْمَفْتُونُ
(You will see, and they will see, which of you is afflicted with madness.) then it means, `you will know, O Muhammad -- and those who oppose you and reject you, will know -- who is insane and misguided among you.' This is like Allah's statement,
سَيَعْلَمُونَ غَداً مَّنِ الْكَذَّابُ الاٌّشِرُ
(Tomorrow they will come to know who is the liar, the insolent one!) (54:26) Allah also says,
وَإِنَّآ أَوْ إِيَّاكُمْ لَعَلَى هُدًى أَوْ فِى ضَلَـلٍ مُّبِينٍ
(And verily (either) we or you are rightly guided or in plain error.) (34:24) Ibn Jurayj reported from Ibn `Abbas, it means "You will know and they will know on the Day of Judgement." Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas;
بِأَيِّكُمُ الْمَفْتُونُ
(Which of you is Maftun (afflicted with madness) means which of you is crazy. This was also said by Mujahid and others as well. The literal meaning of Maftun is one who has been charmed or lured away from the truth and has strayed from it. Thus, the entire statement means, `so you will know and they will know,' or `you will be informed and they will be informed, as to which of you is afflicted with madness.' And Allah knows best. Then Allah says,
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَن ضَلَّ عَن سَبِيلِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ
(Verily, your Lord is the best Knower of him who has gone astray from His path, and He is the best Knower of those who are guided.) meaning, `He knows which of the two groups are truly guided among you, and He knows the party that is astray from the truth.'
Source: Ibn Kathir abridged via spa5k/tafsir_api · reference
And assuredly you possess a magnificent nature a magnificent religion.
Source: Jalalayn (English) via spa5k/tafsir_api · reference
وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ (And you are surely on exalted quality of character 68:4). In this verse, the demented people are invited to think carefully about the lofty morals of the Holy Prophet ﷺ .
The Holy Prophet's Exalted Quality of Character
Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ has said that 'exalted quality of character' signifies a 'great religion, and it is Islam, a religion dearest to Allah'. Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ was asked about the Holy Prophet's ﷺ character. She replied: "The Holy Prophet's ﷺ character was the Qur'an itself'. In other words, he is the living example of the Qur'an that teaches high morals. Sayyidna ` Ali ؓ said that 'exalted quality of character' signifies the 'good manners which the Qur'an has taught'. All these interpretations have almost the same significance. That is to say, not only that the Holy Prophet ﷺ is not an insane person, but he is the sublime and noblest of men possessing in full measure all the moral excellence that combine to make their possessor a perfect image of his Creator. The Holy Prophet's ﷺ humanity was of the most perfect character. He was a complete embodiment of all good moral qualities that a man is capable of possessing. The Holy Prophet ﷺ himself said:
بعثت لاتمم مکارم الاخلاق
"I have only been sent to perfect noble character/conduct." [ Abu Hayyan ].
Sayyidna Anas ؓ said:
"I served Allah's Messenger ﷺ for ten years, and he never said a word of displeasure to me, nor did he ever say to me concerning something I had done: 'Why did you do that?' And he never said to me concerning what I had not done: 'Why did you not do this?'" [ Bukhari and Muslim ].
Obviously, a ten-year period is a long time during which some unpleasant or objectionable thing might have happened.
Sayyidna Anas ؓ said:
"As a result of the Holy Prophet's noble character, any slave-girl of Madinah would hold his hand and take him wherever she would like to."
Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ said: "Allah's Messenger ﷺ never struck anyone with his hands except when he was fighting in jihad in the cause of Allah." It is confirmed that when he fought jihad in the cause of Allah, he killed unbelievers. Otherwise he did not hit any servant, nor any woman. He would never take revenge for any harm or mistake done. He would only implement Shar’ i punishment on those who violated Allah's laws. [ Transmitted by Muslim ].
Sayyidna Jabir ؓ says that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was never asked for anything for which he said 'No'. [ Bukhari and Muslim ].
Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ said:
"Allah's Messenger ﷺ was never vulgar, never pretended to be vulgar and he never shouted in the marketplaces. He never responded to evil by evil, but always pardoned and overlooked."
Sayyidna Abu-d-Darda' ؓ narrates that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:
"Noble character will be the heaviest thing on a Muslim's scale of good deeds on the Day of Resurrection. Allah detests the rude and foul-mouthed person." [ Transmitted by Tirmidhi, grading it as a Tradition which is 'hasan'].
Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ narrates that Allah's Messenger ﷺ "said:
"Indeed by virtue of good character, a believer can attain the status of votaries who spend their nights in worship and their days in fasting." [ Abu Dawud ].
Sayyidna Mu'dh Ibn Jabal ؓ narrates that when he placed his foot into the stirrup of his mount, as he was departing for Yemen as the governor of that province, Allah's Messenger ﷺ advised him:
یا مَعَاذ اَحسِن خُلُقَکَ لِلنَّاس
"0 Mu` adh, display your best character with people." [ Transmitted by Malik ].
All narratives cited here have been adopted from Tafsir Mazhari.
Source: Maarif-ul-Quran via spa5k/tafsir_api · reference
(And lo! thou art of a tremendous nature) [68:4]. Abu Bakr al-Harithi informed us> �Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Hayyan> Ahmad ibn Ja�far> ibn Nasr al-Jamal> Jarir ibn Yahya> Husayn ibn �Ulwan al-Kufi> Hisham ibn �Urwah> his father> �A�ishah who said: �No one had a better character than the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace. Never did anyone among his Companions, or household, call him except that he said: �I am at your service!� this is why Allah, glorious and majestic is He, revealed (And lo! thou art of a tremendous nature)�.
Source: Asbab an-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi via spa5k/tafsir_api · reference
Arabic text: Tanzil project (tanzil.net) — Uthmani Hafs edition. Translations: Yusuf Ali and Pickthall (public domain) and Mubarakpuri (King Fahd Quran Printing Complex). For audio recitation sources and data-handling details, see the privacy policy .