68:1 Al-Qalam (The Pen)
نٓۚ وَٱلۡقَلَمِ وَمَا يَسۡطُرُونَ
Nun. By the Pen and the (Record) which (men) write
Nun. By the pen and that which they write (therewith)
Nun. By the pen and by what they Yastur
نٓۚ وَٱلۡقَلَمِ وَمَا يَسۡطُرُونَ
Nun. By the Pen and the (Record) which (men) write
Nun. By the pen and that which they write (therewith)
Nun. By the pen and by what they Yastur
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(ن) سبق الكلام على الحروف المقطعة في أول سورة البقرة. أقسم الله بالقلم الذي يكتب به الملائكة والناس، وبما يكتبون من الخير والنفع والعلوم. ما أنت -أيها الرسول- بسبب نعمة الله عليك بالنبوة والرسالة بضعيف العقل، ولا سفيه الرأي، وإن لك على ما تلقاه من شدائد على تبليغ الرسالة لَثوابًا عظيمًا غير منقوص ولا مقطوع، وإنك -أيها الرسول- لعلى خلق عظيم، وهو ما اشتمل عليه القرآن من مكارم الأخلاق؛ فقد كان امتثال القرآن سجية له يأتمر بأمره، وينتهي عما ينهى عنه.
Source: King Fahd Complex via spa5k/tafsir_api · reference
يقسم تعالى بالقلم، وهو اسم جنس شامل للأقلام، التي تكتب بها [أنواع] العلوم، ويسطر بها المنثور والمنظوم.
Source: Saadi via spa5k/tafsir_api · reference
قد تقدم الكلام على حروف الهجاء في أول سورة البقرة وأن قوله تعالى "ن" كقوله "ص - ق" ونحو ذلك من الحروف المقطعة في أوائل السور وتحرير القول في ذلك بما أغنى عن إعادته ههنا وقيل المراد بقوله "ن" حوت عظيم على تيار الماء العظيم المحيط وهو حامل للأرضين السبع كما قال الإمام أبو جعفر بن جرير حدثنا ابن بشار حدثنا يحيى حدثنا سفيان هو الثوري حدثنا سليمان هو الأعمش عن أبي ظبيان عن ابن عباس قال: أول ما خلق الله القلم قال اكتب قال وماذا اكتب؟ قال اكتب القدر فجرى بما يكون من ذلك اليوم إلى قيام الساعة ثم خلق النون ورفع بخار الماء ففتقت منه السماء وبسطت الأرض على ظهر النون فاضطرب النون فمادت الأرض فأثبتت بالجبال فإنها لتفخر على الأرض وكذا رواه ابن أبي حاتم من أحمد بن سنان عن أبي معاوية عن الأعمش به وهكذا رواه شعبة ومحمد بن فضيل ووكيع عن الأعمش به وزاد شعبة في روايته ثم قرأ "ن والقلم وما يسطرون" ووقد رواه شريك عن الأعمش عن أبي ظبيان أو مجاهد عن ابن عباس فذكر نحوه ورواه معمر عن الأمش أن ابن عباس قال فذكره ثم قرأ "ن والقلم وما يسطرون" ثم قال ابن جرير حدثنا ابن حميد حدثنا جرير عن عطاء عن أبي الضحى عن ابن عباس قال: إن أول شيء خلق ربي عز وجل القلم ثم قال له اكتب فكتب ما هو كائن إلى أن تقوم الساعة ثم خلق النون فوق الماء ثم كبس الأرض عليه. وقد روى الطبراني ذلك مرفوعا فقال حدثنا أبو حبيب زيد بن المهدي المروزي حدثنا سعيد بن يعقوب الطالقاني حدثنا مؤمل بن إسماعيل حدثنا حماد بن زيد عن عطاء بن السائب عن أبي الضحى مسلم بن صبيح عن ابن عباس قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم "إن أول ما خلق الله القلم والحوت قال للقلم اكتب قال ما أكتب؟ قال كل شيء كائن إلى يوم القيامة" ثم قرأ "ن والقلم وما يسطرون" فالنون الحوت والقلم القلم "حديث آخر" في ذلك رواه ابن عساكر عن أبي عبدالله مولى بني أمية عن أبي صالح عن أبي هريرة سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول " إن أول شيء خلقه الله القلم ثم خلق النون وهي الدواة ثم قال له اكتب قال وما أكتب؟ قال اكتب ما يكون - أو - ما هو كان من عمل أو رزق أو أثر أو أجل فكتب ذلك إلى يوم القيامة فذلك قوله "ن والقلم وما يسطرون" ثم ختم على القلم فلم يتكلم إلى يوم القيامة ثم خلق العقل وقال وعزتي لأكملنك فيمن أحببت ولأنقصنك ممن أبغضت. وقال ابن أبي نجيح أن إبراهيم بن أبي بكر أخبره عن مجاهد قال: كان يقال النون الحوت العظيم الذي تحت الأرض السابعة وقد ذكر البغوي رحمه الله وجماعة من المفسرين أن على ظهر هذا الحوت صخرة سمكها كغلظ السموات والأرض وعلى ظهرها ثور له أربعون ألف قرن وعلى متنه الأرضون السبع وما فيهن وما بينهن والله أعلم ومن العجيب أن بعضهم حمل على هذا المعنى الحديث الذي رواه الإمام أحمد حدثنا إسماعيل حدثنا حميد عن أنس أن عبدالله بن سلام بلغه مقدم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم المدينة فأتاه فسأله عن أشياء قال إني سائلك عن أشياء لا يعلمها إلا نبي قال ما أول أشراط الساعة؟ وما أول طعام يأكله أهل الجنة؟ وما بال الولد ينزع إلى أبيه؟ وما بال الوله ينزع إلى أمه؟ قال "أخبرني بهن جبريل آنفا" قال ابن سلام فذاك عدو اليهود من الملائكة قال "أما أول أشراط الساعة فنار تحشرهم من المشرق إلى المغرب وأول طعام يأكله أهل الجنة زيادة كبد الحوت وأما الولد فإذا سبق ماء الرجل ماء المرأة نزع الولد وإذا سبق ماء المرأة ماء الرجل نزعت" ورواه البخاري من طرق عن حميد ورواه مسلم أيضا وله من حديث ثوبان مولى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم نحو هذا. وفي صحيح مسلم من حديث أبي أسماء الرحبي عن ثوبان أن حبرا سأل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن مسائل فكان منها أن قال فما تحفتهم يعني أهل الجنة حين يدخلون الجنة قال "زيادة كبد الحوت" فال فما غذاؤهم على أثرها قال "ينحر لهم ثور الجنة الذي كان يأكل من أطرافها" قال فما شرابهم عليه؟ قال "من عين فيها تسمى سلسبيلا" وقيل المراد بقوله "ن" لوح من نور. قال ابن جرير حدثنا الحسن بن شبيب المكتب حدثنا محمد بن زياد الجزري عن فرات بن أبي الفرات عن معاوية بن قرة عن أبيه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "ن والقلم وما يسطرون" لوج من نور وقلم من نور يجري بما هو كائن إلى يوم القيامة" وهذا مرسل غريب وقال ابن جريج أخبرت أن ذلك القلم من نور طوله مائة عام وقيل المراد بقوله "ن" دواة والقلم قال ابن جرير حدثنا عبد الأعلى حدثنا أبو ثور عن معمر عن الحسن وقتادة في قوله "ن" قالا هي الدواة وقد روي في هذا حديث مرفوع غريب جدا فقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أبي حدثنا هشام بن خالد حدثنا الحسن بن يحيى حدثنا أبو عبدالله مولى بني أمية عن أبي صالح عن أبي هريرة قال سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول "خلق الله النون وهي الدواة" وقال ابن جرير حدثنا ابن حميد حدثنا يعقوب حدثنا أخي عيسى بن عبدالله حدثنا ثابت الثمالي عن ابن عباس قال: إن الله خلق النون وهي الدواة وخلق القلم فقال اكتب قال وما أكتب قال اكتب ما هو كائن إلى يوم القيامة من عمل معمول به بر أو فجور أو رزق مقسوم حلال أو حرام ثم ألزم كل شيء من ذلك شأنه: دخوله في الدنيا ومقامه فيها كم وخروجه منها كيف ثم جعل على العباد حفظة وللكتاب خزانا فالحفظة ينسخون كل يوم من الخزان عمل ذلك اليوم فإذا فنى الرزق وانقطع الأثر وانقضى الأجل أتت الحفظة الخزنة يطلبون عمل ذلك اليوم فتقول لهم الخزنة ما نجد لصاحبكم عندنا شيئا فترجع الحفظة فيجدونهم قد ماتوا قال فقال ابن عباس ألستم قوما عربا تسمعون الحفظة يقولون "إنا كنا نستنسخ ما كنتم تعملون" وهل يكون الاستنساخ إلا من أصل وقوله تعالى "والقلم" الظاهر أنه جنس القلم الذي يكتب به كقوله "اقرأ وربك الأكرم الذي علم بالقلم علم الإنسان ما لم يعلم" فهو قسم منه تعالى وتنبيه لخلقه على ما أنعم به عليهم من تعليم الكتابة التي بها تنال العلوم ولهذا قال "وما يسطرون" قال ابن عباس ومجاهد وقتادة يعني وما يكتبون وقال أبو الضحى عن ابن عباس وما يسطرون أي وما يعملون وقال السدي وما يسطرون يعني الملائكة وما تكتب من أعمال العباد وقال آخرون بل المراد ههنا بالقلم الذي أجراه الله بالقدر حين كتب مقادير الخلائق قبل أن يخلق السموات والأرضين بخمسين ألف عام وأوردوا في ذلك الأحاديث الواردة في ذكر القلم فقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أبو سعيد يحيى بن سعيد القطان ويونس بن حبيب قالا حدثنا أبو داود الطيالسي حدثنا عبدالواحد بن سليم السلمي عن عطاء هو ابن أبي رباح حدثني الوليد بن عبادة بن الصامت قال دعاني أبي حين حضره الموت فقال إني سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول "إن أول ما خلق الله القلم فقال له اكتب قال يا رب وما أكتب؟ قال اكتب القدر وما هو كائن إلى الأبد" وهذا الحديث قد رواه الإمام أحمد من طرق عن الوليد بن عبادة عن أبيه به وأخرجه الترمذي من حديث أبي داود الطيالسي به وقال حسن صحيح غريب ورواه أبو داود في كتاب السنة من سننه عن جعفر بن مسافر عن يحيى بن حسان عن ابن رباح عن إبراهيم بن أبي عبلة عن أبي حفصة واسمه حبيش بن شريح الحبشي الشابي عن عبادة فذكره وقال ابن جرير حدثنا محمد بن عبدالله الطوسي حدثنا علي بن الحسن بن شقيق أنبأنا عبدالله بن المبارك حدثنا رباح بن زيد عن عمر بن حبيب عن القاسم بن أبي بزة عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس أنه كان يحدث أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال "إن أول شيء خلقه الله القلم فأمره فكتب كل شيء" غريب من هذا الوجه ولم يخرجوه وقال ابن أبي نجيح عن مجاهد والقلم يعني الذي كتب به الذكر وقوله تعالى "وما يسطرون" أي يكتبون كما تقدم.
Source: Ibn Kathir via spa5k/tafsir_api · reference
Which was revealed in Makkah
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
ن
(Nun), is like Allah's saying,
ص
(Sad), and Allah's saying,
ق
(Qaf), and similar to them from the individual letters that appear at the beginning of Qur'anic chapters. This has been dis- cussed at length previously and there is no need to repeat it here.
The Explanation of the Pen Concerning
Allah's statement,
وَالْقَلَمِ
(By the pen) The apparent meaning is that this refers to the actual pen that is used to write. This is like Allah's saying,
اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الاٌّكْرَمُ - الَّذِى عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ - عَلَّمَ الإِنسَـنَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ
(Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous. Who has taught by the pen. He has taught man that which he knew not.) (96:3-5) Therefore, this statement is Allah's swearing and alerting His creatures to what He has favored them with by teaching them the skill of writing, through which knowledge is attained. Thus, Allah continues by saying,
وَمَا يَسْطُرُونَ
(and by what they Yastur.) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and Qatadah all said that this means, "what they write." As-Suddi said, "The angels and the deeds of the servants they record." Others said, "Rather, what is meant here is the pen which Allah caused to write the decree when He wrote the decrees of all creation, and this took place fifty-thousand years before He created the heavens and the earth." For this, they present Hadiths that have been reported about the Pen. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Al-Walid bin `Ubadah bin As-Samit that he said, "My father called for me when he was dying and he said to me: `Verily, I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say,
«إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا خَلَقَ اللهُ الْقَلَمُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: اكْتُبْ، قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ وَمَا أَكْتُبُ؟ قَالَ: اكْتُبِ الْقَدَرَ وَمَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ إِلَى الْأَبَد»
(Verily, the first of what Allah created was the Pen, and He said to it: "Write." The Pen said: "O my Lord, what shall I write" He said: "Write the decree and whatever will throughout eternity.")" This Hadith has been recorded by Imam Ahmad through various routes of transmission. At-Tirmidhi also recorded it from a Hadith of Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi and he (At-Tirmidhi) said about it, "Hasan Sahih, Gharib."
Swearing by the Pen refers to the Greatness of the Prophet
Allah says,
مَآ أَنتَ بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ بِمَجْنُونٍ
(You, by the grace of your Lord, are not insane.) meaning -- and all praise is due to Allah -- `you are not crazy as the ignorant among your people claim. They are those who deny the guidance and the clear truth that you have come with. Therefore, they attribute madness to you because of it.'
وَإِنَّ لَكَ لاّجْراً غَيْرَ مَمْنُونٍ
(And verily, for you will be reward that is not Mamnun.) meaning, `for you is the great reward, and abundant blessings which will never be cut off or perish, because you conveyed the Message of your Lord to creation, and you were patient with their abuse.' The meaning of:
غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ
(not Mamnun) is that it will not be cut off. This is similar to Allah's statement,
عَطَآءً غَيْرَ مَجْذُوذٍ
(a gift without an end.) (11:108) and His statement,
فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ
(Then they shall have a reward without end.) (95:6) Mujahid said,
غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ
(Without Mamnun) means "Without reckoning." And this refers back to what we have said before.
The Explanation of the Statement: "Verily, You are on an Exalted Character."
Concerning Allah's statement,
وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَى خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ
(And verily, you are on an exalted (standard of) character.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "Verily, you are on a great religion, and it is Islam." Likewise said Mujahid, Abu Malik, As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd also said this. Sa`id bin Abi `Arubah reported from Qatadah that he said concerning Allah's statement,
وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَى خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ
(And verily, you are on an exalted (standard of) character.) "It has been mentioned to us that Sa`d bin Hisham asked `A'ishah about the character of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so she replied: `Have you not read the Qur'an' Sa`d said: `Of course.' Then she said: `Verily, the character of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was the Qur'an."' `Abdur-Razzaq recorded similar to this and Imam Muslim recorded it in his Sahih on the authority of Qatadah in its full length. This means that he would act according to the commands and the prohibition in the Qur'an. His nature and character were patterned according to the Qur'an, and he abandoned his natural disposition (i.e., the carnal nature). So whatever the Qur'an commanded, he did it, and whatever it forbade, he avoided it. Along with this, Allah gave him the exalted character, which included the qualities of modesty, kindness, bravery, pardoning, gentleness and every other good characteristic. This is like that which has been confirmed in the Two Sahihs that Anas said, "I served the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for ten years, and he never said a word of displeasure to me (Uff), nor did he ever say to me concerning something I had done: `Why did you do that' And he never said to me concerning something I had not done: `Why didn't you do this' He had the best character, and I never touched any silk or anything else that was softer than the palm of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. And I never smelled any musk or perfume that had a better fragrance than the sweat of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." Imam Al-Bukhari recorded that Al-Bara' said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ had the most handsome face of all the people, and he had the best behavior of all of the people. And he was not tall, nor was he short." The Hadiths concerning this matter are numerous. Abu `Isa At-Tirmidhi has a complete book on this subject called Kitab Ash-Shama'il. Imam Ahmad recorded that `A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ never struck a servant of his with his hand, nor did he ever hit a woman. He never hit anything with his hand, except for when he was fighting Jihad in the cause of Allah. And he was never given the option between two things except that the most beloved of the two to him was the easiest of them, as long as it did not involve sin. If it did involve sin, then he stayed farther away from sin than any of the people. He would not avenge himself concerning anything that was done to him, except if the limits of Allah were transgressed. Then, in that case he would avenge for the sake of Allah." Imam Ahmad also recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«إِنَّمَا بُعِثْتُ لِأُتَمِّمَ صَالِحَ الْأَخْلَاق»
(I have only been sent to perfect righteous behavior.) Ahmad was alone in recording this Hadith. In reference to Allah's statement,
فَسَتُبْصِرُ وَيُبْصِرُونَ - بِأَيِّكُمُ الْمَفْتُونُ
(You will see, and they will see, which of you is afflicted with madness.) then it means, `you will know, O Muhammad -- and those who oppose you and reject you, will know -- who is insane and misguided among you.' This is like Allah's statement,
سَيَعْلَمُونَ غَداً مَّنِ الْكَذَّابُ الاٌّشِرُ
(Tomorrow they will come to know who is the liar, the insolent one!) (54:26) Allah also says,
وَإِنَّآ أَوْ إِيَّاكُمْ لَعَلَى هُدًى أَوْ فِى ضَلَـلٍ مُّبِينٍ
(And verily (either) we or you are rightly guided or in plain error.) (34:24) Ibn Jurayj reported from Ibn `Abbas, it means "You will know and they will know on the Day of Judgement." Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas;
بِأَيِّكُمُ الْمَفْتُونُ
(Which of you is Maftun (afflicted with madness) means which of you is crazy. This was also said by Mujahid and others as well. The literal meaning of Maftun is one who has been charmed or lured away from the truth and has strayed from it. Thus, the entire statement means, `so you will know and they will know,' or `you will be informed and they will be informed, as to which of you is afflicted with madness.' And Allah knows best. Then Allah says,
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَن ضَلَّ عَن سَبِيلِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ
(Verily, your Lord is the best Knower of him who has gone astray from His path, and He is the best Knower of those who are guided.) meaning, `He knows which of the two groups are truly guided among you, and He knows the party that is astray from the truth.'
Source: Ibn Kathir abridged via spa5k/tafsir_api · reference
Nūn one of the letters of the alphabet God knows best what He means by it. By the Pen with which He has inscribed the records of all creatures in the Preserved Tablet and what they inscribe that is the angels of good and righteousness.
Source: Jalalayn (English) via spa5k/tafsir_api · reference
Commentary
Linkage of Surahs
The preceding Surah dealt with the existence of Allah, His Oneness, and His knowledge and power, and adduced, as a positive proof of these attributes, was the fact that Allah is the Creator of death and life, and of the entire universe through whose component parts there runs the beautiful order that pervades the cosmos. He has created man to serve a sublime object and to achieve a noble goal. But man in his ingratitude has always rejected the Divine Message and consequently has been incurring Divine scourge. This is mentioned, in Surah Al-Mulk, with particular reference to the pagans of Makkah. The present Surah deals with the truth of the Holy Prophet's ﷺ claim, and gives sound and solid proof of it. Thus it rebuts the criticisms and taunts of the pagans against the Holy Prophet ﷺ . Their first criticism was that he is [ God forbid!] insane whereas he was perfectly sane person, an embodiment of knowledge and a paragon of virtues. Another reason why they probably called him insane is that whenever an installment of revelation descended upon the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، a physical change came over him. For instance the colour of his face would change and become red, or he would sometimes snore or he would at other times appear to be in grief, or there were times when he would hang his head down. When any of these states was over, he would recite the revealed verses to the people. This matter was beyond the understanding and perception of the pagans. Therefore, they regarded this experience of receiving revelation as insanity. Or they called him insane presumably because he put forward to his people and to the whole world that there is no object worthy of worship except Allah. He put it to them that their self-carved idols cannot be gods because they are insensate and lacking knowledge; and they lack the ability to benefit or harm anyone. His voice of Truth sounded alone yet with this lone voice of Truth without any apparent means and support, he stood unwaveringly against the whole world. People without any insight or foresight did not think that it was possible for him to achieve his goal and they called it insanity. Some called him insane for the sake of calling him insane, without any reason. Having no excuse to refute the teachings of Allah's Messenger ﷺ ، all the pagans could do was to dub him insane. The initial verses of Surah Al-Qalam refute under emphatic oath their false charges.
ن وَالْقَلَمِ وَمَا يَسْطُرُونَ مَا أَنتَ بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ بِمَجْنُونٍ (Nun, by the pen and what they write, with the grace of your Lord, you are not insane....68:1-2). The letter Nun is one of the isolated letters that have been revealed at the beginning of many Surahs. They are the secret signs and symbols and mysteries of Allah. Allah alone knows their hidden meaning, or Allah made their mysterious meanings known to His Messenger. The Ummah is not permitted to investigate the hidden meaning of such isolated letters.
Pen and its Significance
In the phrase wal-qalami, the waw is the particle of oath [ translated here as 'by the pen']. 'Qalam' refers to 'pen', and there are three types of pen: [ 1] the pen of destinies; [ 2] the pen of angels; and [ 3] the pen of human beings. It could refer to any or all of these types of pen. A pen is an object that is used for writing anything [ as is the view of Abu Hatim Al-Busti ]. According to Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ ، it specifically refers to the pen of destinies. Sayyidna ` Ubadah Ibn Samit ؓ narrates regarding the pen of destinies that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The first thing Allah created was the pen, and He told it to write, and when it asked Him what it should write, He told it to write what was predestined, so it wrote what would take place to all eternity." [ Transmitted by At-Tirmidhi, saying that this is a Tradition whose chain of narrators is gharib ]. Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn ` Umar ؓ narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Allah recorded the destiny of all creatures 50, 000 years before creating the heavens and the earth." [ Sahib Muslim ]. Qatadah (رح) says that pen is a great gift of Allah that He has endowed upon His servants. Some scholars say that Allah first created the pen, and that was the pen of decrees which recorded the destinies of the entire universe and all the creatures. Then He created the second pen that is used by the inhabitants of the earth. The second pen is referred to in Surah Iqra' in verse [ 96:4], thus: عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ '{ He who} taught by the pen'. And Allah knows best!
If qalam 'pen' in the verse under comment refers to the pen of destinies, its greatness and its superiority over everything is quite obvious and swearing by it is quite understandable. If it is taken to refer to all pens in general, including the pen of destinies, the pen of angels, and also the pen of human beings, swearing an oath by it is apt because all great tasks are accomplished by pen. In the conquests of territories, pen play a mighty role: 'The pen is mightier than the sword' goes the famous saying. Abu HatimAl-Busti has encapsulated this idea in two short verses:
اذا اقسم الابطال یوما بسیفھم وَعدّوہ ممّا یکسب المجد وَ الکرم
When the brave people swear by their sword some day,
And count it among things that give honour and veneration to men,
کفٰی قلم الکتاب عزّا ورفعۃ مدی الدّھر انّ اللہ اقسم بالقلم
The writers' pen is sufficient for their honour and superiority
For all times to come, because Allah has sworn oath by the pen
In any case, it is immaterial whether the pen in the verse refers to the pen of destinies or it refers to the pen of creation in general. Then it swears an oath by مَا يَسْطُرُونَ 'what they write [ 1] '.
In other words, swearing an oath by what the pens have written or what they will record in the future, Allah refutes the unbelievers' false charge of madness that they made against the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، thus:
مَا أَنتَ بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ بِمَجْنُونٍ (with the grace of your Lord, you are not insane....68:2). The verse contains the phrases بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ (with the grace of your Lord....68:2). It states not only the claim, but also evidence to support and substantiate the statement of claim. [ See special note below.] Man is required to turn the pages of history, and he will realize that a person as great as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ، upon whom Allah has conferred great blessings and grace, cannot be insane. Calling such a sane person insane is itself insanity.
Special Note
Scholars have explained the Qur'anic concept of 'oath': Wherever Allah has sworn an oath by an object or a phenomenon, its subject has been cited as evidence or testimony to support and substantiate the claim. Here the phrase مَا يَسْطُرُونَ 'what they write [ 1] '. Is the proof of the claim, that is, world history has been cited as testimony for critics to look into the pages of history, if they can ever find a person of such lofty calibre as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ، with high morals insane. He takes care of other people's sanity. The next verse reinforces the subject.
Source: Maarif-ul-Quran via spa5k/tafsir_api · reference
Nūn. By the Pen and what they inscribe. Nūn is one of the letters of the alphabet. The alphabet's letters are the roots of words, the connec- tors of phrases, and the separators of verses. All indicate generosity and bounty, some in brief and some in detail. They allude to gentleness, the good news of love, expiation of offenses, and the plundering of the hearts of the friends. They are the foundation of words and the adornment of speakers. Understanding them is the mark of those who conform. They are burdens on the neck of the enemies and thorns in the eyes of the innovators. It is the belief of the faithful that these letters are the speech of the Lord of the world. He is a Lord who has knowledge and power. His knowledge is without reflective thought and His power without tools. His kingship is without end, His solicitude without bribery, His bestowal without obligation. He is a Lord who is the artisan of the universe and the protector of creation, the keeper of enemies and the companion of friends. He is in everyone's eyes through artisanry and settled down in the hearts of His lovers, the hard cash of every hope and enough for every assurance. Though the servant be heavily burdened by offenses, He is clement and forbearing. The Pir of the Tariqah said in his whispered prayers, “O God, no matter how sinful we are, You are forgiving. No matter how ugly our deeds, You are the concealer. O King, You have the treasure of bounty, without equal or help. It is worthy that You pass over our disloyal acts.” Nūn. By the Pen. Nūn is the inkwell, and the Pen is a pen of light. The writer is the Forgiving Lord. He wrote with the Pen in the emerald Tablet, He wrote with the ink of light, He wrote on the notebook of carnelian, He wrote the story and the deeds of the created things. He wrote the heart of the recognizer with the Pen of generosity, He wrote with the ink of bounty, He wrote on the notebook of gentleness, He wrote the attribute and description of the honorable: He wrote faith in their hearts [58:22]. He wrote in the Tablet, and He wrote it all for you.
Source: Asbab an-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi via spa5k/tafsir_api · reference
Arabic text: Tanzil project (tanzil.net) — Uthmani Hafs edition. Translations: Yusuf Ali and Pickthall (public domain) and Mubarakpuri (King Fahd Quran Printing Complex). For audio recitation sources and data-handling details, see the privacy policy .