18:79 Al-Kahf (The Cave)

أما السفينة التي خرقتها فإنها كانت لأناس مساكين يعملون في البحر عليها سعيًا وراء الرزق، فأردت أن أعيبها بذلك الخرق؛ لأن أمامهم ملكًا يأخذ كل سفينة صالحة غصبًا من أصحابها.

{ أَمَّا السَّفِينَةُ ْ} التي خرقتها { فَكَانَتْ لِمَسَاكِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ فِي الْبَحْرِ ْ} يقتضي ذلك الرقة عليهم، والرأفة بهم. { فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَعِيبَهَا وَكَانَ وَرَاءَهُمْ مَلِكٌ يَأْخُذُ كُلَّ سَفِينَةٍ غَصْبًا ْ} أي: كان مرورهم على ذلك الملك الظالم، فكل سفينة صالحة تمر عليه ما فيها عيب غصبها وأخذها ظلما، فأردت أن أخرقها ليكون فيها عيب، فتسلم من ذلك الظالم.

هذا تفسير ما أشكل أمره على موسى عليه السلام ما كان أنكر ظاهره وقد أظهر الله الخضر عليه السلام على حكمة باطنة فقال: إن السفينة إنما خرقتها لأعيبها لأنهم كانوا يمرون بها على ملك من الظلمة " يأخذ كل سفينة " صالحة أي جيدة " غصبا " فأردت أن أعيبها لأرده عنها لعيبها فينتفع بهـا أصحابها المساكين الذين لم يكن لهم شيء ينتفعون به غيرها وقد قيل إنهم أيتام وروى ابن جريج عن وهب بن سليمان عن شعيب الجبائي أن اسم ذلك الملك هدد بن بدد وقد تقدما أيضًا في رواية البخاري وهو مذكور في التوراة في ذرية العيص بن إسحاق وهو من الملوك المنصوص عليهم في التوراة والله أعلم.

As for the ship it belonged to poor people ten in number who earned a living on the sea with it leasing it to others as a way of gaining a living; and I wanted to make it defective for behind them whenever they returned — or meaning before them now — was a king a disbeliever seizing every ship that was usable by force ghasban is in the accusative as a verbal noun containing an explanation of the nature of such ‘seizure’.

Commentary

In the first verse, it was said: أَمَّا السَّفِينَةُ فَكَانَتْ لِمَسَاكِينَ (As for the boat, it belonged to some poor people - 79). About the poor people to whom this boat belonged, it has been reported from Sayyidna Ka'b al-Ahbar ؓ that they were ten brothers. Five of them were handicapped while the other five worked hard to eke out a living for all of them by plying a boat against whatever fare they could collect.

The definition of a Miskin

A miskin has been defined as one who has nothing. But, from this verse, we learn the true definition of a miskin: Anyone who does not have the amount of wealth and property that exceed his need, basic and necessary, to the limit of legal nisab (threshold of zakah). One who has less than that is also included under the definition of miskin. The reason is that people called 'al-masakin' (plural of miskin: poor people) had at least one boat the price of which will not be less than the amount of nisab (threshold). But, as it was engaged in earning what those people needed, basically and necessarily, they were still called 'masakin' (poor people). (Mazhari)

Regarding the last sentence of verse 79: مَّلِكٌ يَأْخُذُ كُلَّ سَفِينَةٍ غَصْبًا ، al-Baghawi has reported from Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ that the direction in which this boat was sailing, there was a cruel king who used to take boats ferrying people through by force. Al-Khadir (علیہ السلام) found it expedient to pull out a plank from the boat so that the cruel king, seeing this damaged boat, would let it go and thus those poor people would remain safe from the likely mishap. Comments sage Rumi:

گَر خضر در بحر کشتی را شکست صد درستی شکست خضر ہست

Yes, al-Khidr did break the boat while sailing at sea But,

a hundred saving graces in his breaking we see