9:15 At-Tawba (The Repentance)

تفسير الآيتين 14 و 15 :ـ ثم أمر بقتالهم وذكر ما يترتب على قتالهم من الفوائد، وكل هذا حث وإنهاض للمؤمنين على قتالهم، فقال‏:‏ ‏{‏قَاتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ‏}‏ بالقتل ‏{‏وَيُخْزِهِمْ‏}‏ إذا نصركم اللّه عليهم، وهم الأعداء الذين يطلب خزيهم ويحرص عليه، ‏{‏وَيَنْصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ‏}‏ هذا وعد من اللّه وبشارة قد أنجزها‏.‏ ‏{‏وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ وَيُذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قُلُوبِهِمْ‏}‏ فإن في قلوبهم من الحنق والغيظ عليهم ما يكون قتالهم وقتلهم شفاء لما في قلوب المؤمنين من الغم والهم، إذ يرون هؤلاء الأعداء محاربين للّه ولرسوله، ساعين في إطفاء نور اللّه، وزوالا للغيظ الذي في قلوبهم، وهذا يدل على محبة اللّه لعباده المؤمنين، واعتنائه بأحوالهم، حتى إنه جعل ـ من جملة المقاصد الشرعية ـ شفاء ما في صدورهم وذهاب غيظهم‏.‏ ثم قال‏:‏ ‏{‏وَيَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ‏}‏ من هؤلاء المحاربين، بأن يوفقهم للدخول في الإسلام، ويزينه في قلوبهم، ويُكَرِّهَ إليهم الكفر والفسوق والعصيان‏.‏ ‏{‏وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ‏}‏ يضع الأشياء مواضعها، ويعلم من يصلح للإيمان فيهديه، ومن لا يصلح، فيبقيه في غيه وطغيانه‏.‏

وأعاد الضمير في قوله " ويذهب غيظ قلوبهم " عليهم أيضا. وقد ذكر ابن عساكر في ترجمة مؤذن لعمر بن عبد العزيز رضي الله عنه عن مسلم بن يسار عن عائشة رضي الله عنهما أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان إذا غضبت أخذ بأنفها وقال " يا عويش قولي اللهم رب النبي محمد اغفر ذنبي وأذهب غيظ قلبي وأجرني من مضلات الفتن " ساقه من طريق أبي أحمد الحاكم عن الباغندي عن هشام بن عمار حدثنا عبدالرحمن بن أبي الجوزاء عنه " ويتوب الله على من يشاء " أي من عباده " والله عليم " أي بما يصلح عباده " حكيم " في أفعاله وأقواله الكونية والشرعية فيفعل ما يشاء. ويحكم ما يريد وهو العادل الحاكم الذي لا يجور أبدا ولا يضيع مثقال ذرة من خير وشـر بل يجازي عليه في الدنيا والآخرة.

Encouragement to fight the Disbelievers, and some Benefits of fighting Them

These Ayat encourage, direct and recommend fighting against the idolators who break the terms of their covenants, those who tried to expel the Messenger from Makkah. Allah said in other Ayat,

وَإِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لِيُثْبِتُوكَ أَوْ يَقْتُلُوكَ أَوْ يُخْرِجُوكَ وَيَمْكُرُونَ وَيَمْكُرُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الْمَـكِرِينَ

(And (remember) when the disbelievers plotted against you to imprison you, or to kill you, or to expell you; they were plotting and Allah too was plotting; and Allah is the best of those who plot.) 8:30,

يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّـكُمْ أَن تُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ

(...and have driven out the Messenger and yourselves (from your homeland) because you believe in Allah your Lord!) 60:1, and,

وَإِن كَادُواْ لَيَسْتَفِزُّونَكَ مِنَ الاٌّرْضِ لِيُخْرِجُوكَ مِنْهَا

(And verily, they were about to frighten you so much as to drive you out from the land.) 17:76 Allah's statement,

وَهُم بَدَءُوكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ

(while they did attack you first), refers to the battle of Badr when the idolators marched to protect their caravan. When they knew that their caravan escaped safely, they still went ahead with their intent to fight Muslims out of arrogance, as we mentioned before. It was also said that these Ayat refer to the idolators breaking the peace agreement with Muslims and aiding Bani Bakr, their allies, against Khuza`ah, the ally of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. This is why the Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched to Makkah in the year of the victory, thus conquering it, all thanks and praise is due to Allah. Allah said,

أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ فَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخْشَوْهُ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤُمِنِينَ

(Do you fear them Allah has more right that you should fear Him if you are believers.) Allah says here, `Do not fear idolators, but fear Me instead, for I am worthy of being feared by the servants due to My might and punishment. In My Hand lies the matter; whatever I will occurs, and whatever I do not will does not occur.' Allah next said, while ordering the believers and explaining the wisdom of ordaining Jihad against them, all the while able to destroy their enemies with a command from Him,

قَـتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ وَيُخْزِهِمْ وَيَنْصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُّؤْمِنِينَ

(Fight against them so that Allah will punish them by your hands, and disgrace them and give you victory over them, and heal the breasts of a believing people.) This Ayah includes all believers, even though Mujahid, `Ikrimah and As-Suddi said that it refers to Khuza`ah. Concerning the believers, Allah said;

وَيُذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قُلُوبِهِمْ

(and remove the anger of their hearts), then

وَيَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَى مَن يَشَآءُ

(Allah accepts the repentance of whom He wills), from His servants,

وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ

(Allah is All-Knowing), in what benefits His servants,

حَكِيمٌ

(All-Wise), in His actions and statements, whether narrative or legislative. Allah does what He wills, decides what He wills, and He is the Just Who never wrongs any. Not even the weight of an atom of good or evil is ever neglected with Him, but rather, He compensates for it in this life and the Hereafter.

And He will remove the rage the grief in their hearts. God turns in forgiveness to whomever He will when they return to Islam as in the case of Abū Sufyān. And God is Knowing Wise.

1. Finally, it was said: وَيَتُوبُ اللَّـهُ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَاءُ (And Allah relents to whomsoever He wills -15). This tells us that there will be an added gain as a result of this Jihad. There will be many from among the enemies who will have the taufiq of Islam. They will become Muslims. So, there were many arrogant ones at the time of the Conquest of Makkah who were put to disgrace while there were many others who embraced Islam.

History proves that the circumstances and events predicted in these verses were witnessed one by one as pointed out by the Holy Qur'an. Therefore, these verses contain many miracles.