9:14 At-Tawba (The Repentance)

تفسير الآيتين 14 و 15 :ـ ثم أمر بقتالهم وذكر ما يترتب على قتالهم من الفوائد، وكل هذا حث وإنهاض للمؤمنين على قتالهم، فقال‏:‏ ‏{‏قَاتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ‏}‏ بالقتل ‏{‏وَيُخْزِهِمْ‏}‏ إذا نصركم اللّه عليهم، وهم الأعداء الذين يطلب خزيهم ويحرص عليه، ‏{‏وَيَنْصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ‏}‏ هذا وعد من اللّه وبشارة قد أنجزها‏.‏ ‏{‏وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ وَيُذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قُلُوبِهِمْ‏}‏ فإن في قلوبهم من الحنق والغيظ عليهم ما يكون قتالهم وقتلهم شفاء لما في قلوب المؤمنين من الغم والهم، إذ يرون هؤلاء الأعداء محاربين للّه ولرسوله، ساعين في إطفاء نور اللّه، وزوالا للغيظ الذي في قلوبهم، وهذا يدل على محبة اللّه لعباده المؤمنين، واعتنائه بأحوالهم، حتى إنه جعل ـ من جملة المقاصد الشرعية ـ شفاء ما في صدورهم وذهاب غيظهم‏.‏ ثم قال‏:‏ ‏{‏وَيَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ‏}‏ من هؤلاء المحاربين، بأن يوفقهم للدخول في الإسلام، ويزينه في قلوبهم، ويُكَرِّهَ إليهم الكفر والفسوق والعصيان‏.‏ ‏{‏وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ‏}‏ يضع الأشياء مواضعها، ويعلم من يصلح للإيمان فيهديه، ومن لا يصلح، فيبقيه في غيه وطغيانه‏.‏

" قاتلوهم يعذبهم الله بأيديكم ويخزهم وينصركم عليهم ويشف صدور قوم مؤمنين " وهذا عام في المؤمنين كلهم وقال مجاهد وعكرمة والسدي في هذه الآية " ويشف صدور قوم مؤمنين " يعني خزاعة.

Encouragement to fight the Disbelievers, and some Benefits of fighting Them

These Ayat encourage, direct and recommend fighting against the idolators who break the terms of their covenants, those who tried to expel the Messenger from Makkah. Allah said in other Ayat,

وَإِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لِيُثْبِتُوكَ أَوْ يَقْتُلُوكَ أَوْ يُخْرِجُوكَ وَيَمْكُرُونَ وَيَمْكُرُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الْمَـكِرِينَ

(And (remember) when the disbelievers plotted against you to imprison you, or to kill you, or to expell you; they were plotting and Allah too was plotting; and Allah is the best of those who plot.) 8:30,

يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّـكُمْ أَن تُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ

(...and have driven out the Messenger and yourselves (from your homeland) because you believe in Allah your Lord!) 60:1, and,

وَإِن كَادُواْ لَيَسْتَفِزُّونَكَ مِنَ الاٌّرْضِ لِيُخْرِجُوكَ مِنْهَا

(And verily, they were about to frighten you so much as to drive you out from the land.) 17:76 Allah's statement,

وَهُم بَدَءُوكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ

(while they did attack you first), refers to the battle of Badr when the idolators marched to protect their caravan. When they knew that their caravan escaped safely, they still went ahead with their intent to fight Muslims out of arrogance, as we mentioned before. It was also said that these Ayat refer to the idolators breaking the peace agreement with Muslims and aiding Bani Bakr, their allies, against Khuza`ah, the ally of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. This is why the Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched to Makkah in the year of the victory, thus conquering it, all thanks and praise is due to Allah. Allah said,

أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ فَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخْشَوْهُ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤُمِنِينَ

(Do you fear them Allah has more right that you should fear Him if you are believers.) Allah says here, `Do not fear idolators, but fear Me instead, for I am worthy of being feared by the servants due to My might and punishment. In My Hand lies the matter; whatever I will occurs, and whatever I do not will does not occur.' Allah next said, while ordering the believers and explaining the wisdom of ordaining Jihad against them, all the while able to destroy their enemies with a command from Him,

قَـتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ وَيُخْزِهِمْ وَيَنْصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُّؤْمِنِينَ

(Fight against them so that Allah will punish them by your hands, and disgrace them and give you victory over them, and heal the breasts of a believing people.) This Ayah includes all believers, even though Mujahid, `Ikrimah and As-Suddi said that it refers to Khuza`ah. Concerning the believers, Allah said;

وَيُذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قُلُوبِهِمْ

(and remove the anger of their hearts), then

وَيَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَى مَن يَشَآءُ

(Allah accepts the repentance of whom He wills), from His servants,

وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ

(Allah is All-Knowing), in what benefits His servants,

حَكِيمٌ

(All-Wise), in His actions and statements, whether narrative or legislative. Allah does what He wills, decides what He wills, and He is the Just Who never wrongs any. Not even the weight of an atom of good or evil is ever neglected with Him, but rather, He compensates for it in this life and the Hereafter.

Fight them and God will chastise them He will have them killed at your hands and degrade them humiliate them through capture and subjugation and He will give you victory against them and He will heal the breasts of a people who believe removing the harm done to them — these are the Banū Khuzā‘a.

For Muslims, the same exhortation to fight in Jihad appears in verses 14 and 15 as well, though from a different angle. They were told:

1. If you get ready to fight them, the help and support from Allah will be with you. As for their enemies, they have already become deserving of Divine punishment because of their evil deeds but this punishment will not come down upon them from the heavens or up from beneath the Earth. Instead of that, says the verse: يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّـهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ 'hat is, ` Allah shall punish them at their hands.'

2. As a result of this fighting, Allah Ta` ala will mollify the hearts of Muslims after all those pains and sorrows continuously inflicted upon them by the disbelievers.

3. Then, the anger which filled Muslim hearts because of their treachery and pledge breaking was to be removed by Allah Ta` ala when He punishes them at their hands.

In the previous verse (12), by saying: لَعَلَّهُمْ يَنتَهُونَ (so that they may stop), Muslims were told that they should not fight a people just to release their anger, rather make their correction and betterment the main purpose of their action. When they cleanse their intention from all irrelevant shades, and let it be for Allah alone, and fight for none but Allah, then, Allah Ta'ala shall cause things to unfold in a manner that automatically removes the feelings of anger and sorrow raging in their hearts.