54:49 Al-Qamar (The Moon)

{ إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ } وهذا شامل للمخلوقات والعوالم العلوية والسفلية، أن الله تعالى وحده خلقها لا خالق لها سواه، ولا مشارك له في خلقها وخلقها بقضاء سبق به علمه، وجرى به قلمه، بوقتها ومقدارها، وجميع ما اشتملت عليه من الأوصاف، وذلك على الله يسير،

وقوله تعالى "إنا كل شيء خلقناه بقدر" كقوله "وخلق كل شيء فقدره تقديرا" وكقوله تعالى "سبح اسم ربك الأعلى الذي خلق فسوى والذي قدر فهدى" أي قدر قدرا وهدى الخلائق إليه ولهذا يستدل بهذه الآية الكريمة أئمة السنة على إثبات قدر الله السابق لخلقه وهو علمه الأشياء قبل كونها وكتابته لها قبل برئها وردوا بهذه الآية وبما شاكلها من الآيات وما ورد في معناها من الأحاديث الثابتات على الفرقة القدرية الذين نبغوا في أواخر عصر الصحابة وقد تكلمنا على هذا المقام مفصلا وما ورد فيه من الأحاديث في شرح كتاب الإيمان من صحيح البخاري رحمه الله ولنذكر ههنا الأحاديث المتعلقة بهذه الآية الكريمة. قال أحمد حدثنا وكيع حدثنا سفيان الثوري عن زياد بن إسماعيل السهمي عن محمد بن عباد بن جعفر عن أبي هريرة قال: جاء مشركوا قريش إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يخاصمونه في القدر فنزلت "يوم يسحبون في النار على وجوههم ذوقوا مس سقر إنا كل شيء خلقناه بقدر" وهكذا رواه مسلم والترمذي وابن ماجة من حديث وكيع عن سفيان الثوري به. وقال البزار حدثنا عمرو بن على حدثنا الضحاك بن مخلد حدثنا يونس بن الحارث عن عمرو بن شعيب عن أبيه عن جده قال ما نزلت هذه الآيات "إن المجرمين في ضلال وسعر يوم يسحبون في النار على وجوههم ذوقوا مس سقر إنا كل شيء خلقناه بقدر" إلا في أهل القدر. وقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أبي حدثنا سهل بن صالح الأنطاكي حدثني قرة بن حييب عن كنانة حدثني جرير بن حازم عن سعيد بن عمرو بن جعدة عن ابن زرارة عن أبيه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه تلا هذه الآية "ذوقوا مس سقر إنا كل شيء خلقناه بقدر" قال "نزلت في أناس من أمتي يكونون في آخر الزمان يكذبون بقدر الله". وحدثنا الحسن بن عرفة حدثنا مروان بن شجاع الجزري عن عبدالملك بن جريج عن عطاء بن أبي رباح قال: أتيت ابن عباس وهو ينزع من زمزم وقد ابتلت أسافل ثيابه فقلت له قد تكلم في القدر فقال أو قد فعلوها؟ قلت نعم قال فوالله ما نزلت هذه الآية إلا فيهم "ذوقوا مس سقر إنا كل شيء خلقناه بقدر" أولئك شرار هذه الأمة فلا تعودوا مرضاهم ولا تصلوا على موتاهم إن رأيت أحدا منهم فقأت عينيه بأصبعي هاتين. وقد رواه الإمام أحمد من وجه آخر وفيه مرفوع فقال حدثنا أبو المغيرة حدثنا الأوزاعي عن بعض إخوته عن محمد بن عبيد المكي عن عبدالله بن عباس قال قيل له إن رجلا قدم علينا يكذب بالقدر فقال دلوني عليه وهو أعمى قالوا وما تصنع به يا أبا عباس؟ قال والذي نفسي بيده لئن استمكنت منه لأعضن أنفه حتى أقطعه ولئن وقعت رقبته في يدي لأدقنها فإني سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول "كأني بنساء بني فهر يطفن بالخزرج تصطفق إلياتهن مشركات هذا أول شرك هذه الأمة والذي نفسي بيده لينتهين بهم سوء رأيهم حتى يخرجوا الله من أن يكون قدر خيرا كما أخرجوه من أن يكون قدر شرا" ثم رواه أحمد عن أبي المغيرة عن الأوزاعي عن العلاء بن الحجاج عن محمد بن عبيد فذكر مثله لم يخرجوه. وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا عبدالله بن يزيد حدثنا سعيد عن أبي أيوب حدثني أبو صخر عن نافع قال: كان لابن عمر صديق من أهل الشام يكاتبه فكتب إليه عبدالله بن عمر إنه بلغني أنك تكلمت في شيء من القدر فإياك أن تكتب إلي فإني سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول "سيكون في أمتي أقوام يكذبون بالقدر" ورواه أبو داود عن أحمد بن حنبل به. وقال أحمد حدثنا أنس بن عياض حدثنا عمر بن عبدالله مولى غفرة عن عبدالله بن عمر أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال "لكل أمة مجوس ومجوس أمتي الذين يقولون لا قدر إن مرضوا فلا تعودوهم وإن ماتوا فلا تشهدوهم" لم يخرجه أحد من أصحاب الكتب الستة من هذا الوجه وقال أحمد حدثنا قتيبة حدثنا رشدين عن أبي صخر حميد بن زياد عن نافع عن ابن عمر قال: سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول "سيكون في هذه الأمة مسخ ألا وذاك في المكذبين بالقدر والزندقية" ورواه الترمذي وابن ماجة من حديث أبي صخر حميد بن زياد به وقال الترمذي حسن صحيح غريب. وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا إسحاق بن الطباع أخبرني مالك عن زياد بن سعد عن عمرو بن مسلم عن طاوس اليماني قال سمعت ابن عمر قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "كل شيء بقدر حتى العجز والكيس" ورواه مسلم منفردا به من حديث مالك. وفي الحديث الصحيح "استعن بالله ولا تعجز فإن أصابك أمر فقل قدر الله وما شاء فعل ولا تقل لو إني فعلت لكان كذا فإن لو تفتح عمل الشيطان". وفي حديث ابن عباس أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال له "واعلم أن الأمة لو اجتمعوا على أن ينفعوك بشيء لم يكتبه الله لك لم ينفعوك ولو اجتمعوا على أن يضروك بشيء لم يكتبه الله عليك لم يضروك جفت الأقلام وطويت الصحف" وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا الحسن بن سوار حدثنا الليث عن معاوية عن أيوب بن زياد حدثني عبادة بن الوليد بن عبادة حدثنى أبي قال دخلت على عبدة وهو مريض أتخايل فيه الموت فقلت يا أبتاه أوصني واجتهد لي فقال أجلسوني فلما أجلسوه قال يا بني إنك لما تطعم الإيمان ولم تبلغ حق حقيقة العلم بالله حتى تؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره قلت يا أبتاه وكيف لي أن أعلم ما خير القدر وشره؟ قال تعلم أن ما أخطأك لم يكن ليصيبك وما أصابك لم يكن ليخطئك يا بني إني سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول "إن أول ما خلق الله القلم ثم قال له اكتب فجرى في تلك الساعة بما هو كائن إلى يوم القيامة" يا بني إن مت ولست على ذلك دخلت النار. ورواه الترمذي عن يحيى بن موسى البلخي عن أبي داود الطيالسي عن عبد الواحد بن سليم عن عطاء بن أبي رباح عن الوليد بن عبادة عن أبيه به وقال حسن صحيح غريب. وقال سفيان الثوري عن منصور عن ربعي بن خراش عن رجل عن علي بن أبي طالب قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "لا يؤمن أحد حتى يؤمن بأربع: يشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأني رسول الله بعثني بالحق ويؤمن بالبعث بعد الموت ويؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره". وكذا رواه الترمذي من حديث النضر بن شميل عن شعبة عن منصور به ورواه من حديث أبي داود الطيالسي عن شعبة عن منصور عن ربعي عن علي فذكره وقال هذا عندي أصح وكذا رواه ابن ماجة من حديث شريك عن منصور عن ربعي عن علي به وقد ثبت في صحيح مسلم من رواية عبدالله بن وهب وغيره عن أبي هانئ الخولاني عن أبي عبدالرحمن الحبلي عن عبدالله بن عبد عمرو قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "إن الله كتب مقادير الخلق قبل أن يخلق السموات والأرض بخمسين ألف سنة" زاد ابن وهب "وكان عرشه على الماء" ورواه الترمذي وقال حسن صحيح غريب.

The Destination of the Criminals

Allah the Exalted states that the criminals are misguided away from the truth and engulfed in confusion, because of the doubts and uncertainty they are in. This description befits every disbeliever and innovator of all types and forms of sects. Allah the Exalted said,

يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِى النَّارِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ

(The Day they will be dragged on their faces into the Fire), meaning, just as they were consumed in doubt, suspicion and hesitation, they ended up in the Fire. And just as they were misguided, they will end up being dragged on their faces, unaware of where they will be taken. They will be admonished and criticized,

ذُوقُواْ مَسَّ سَقَرَ

("Taste you the touch of Hell!")

Everything was created with Qadar

Allah's statement,

إِنَّا كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقْنَـهُ بِقَدَرٍ

(Verily, We have created all things with Qadar.) is similar to several other Ayat,

وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ فَقَدَّرَهُ تَقْدِيراً

(He has created everything, and has measured it exactly according to its due measurements (Faqaddarahu Taqdir).) (25:2) and,

سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الاّعْلَى - الَّذِى خَلَقَ فَسَوَّى - وَالَّذِى قَدَّرَ فَهَدَى

(Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High. Who has created (everything), and then proportioned it. And Who has measured (Qaddara) and then guided.)(87:1-3), i.e., He measured out the total sum (Qadar) of everything and then guided the creation to it. The Imams of the Sunnah relied on this honorable Ayah as evidence that Allah created the creation with destined limits before they were created. He knew everything that will occur before it occurred and recorded everything that will occur, before they occurred. They used this Ayah and similar Ayat and Hadiths to refute the Qadariyyah sect, who started their sect during the latter time of the Companions. I mentioned this subject in detail in my explanation on the chapter on faith of Sahih Al-Bukhari. I will mention here some Hadiths pertaining to this honorable Ayah. Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said, "The idolators of the Quraysh came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arguing with him and discounting the Qadar. This Ayah was revealed,

يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِى النَّارِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُواْ مَسَّ سَقَرَ - إِنَّا كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقْنَـهُ بِقَدَرٍ

(The Day they will be dragged on their faces into the Fire: "Taste you the touch of Hell!" Verily, We have created all things with Qadar.)" Muslim, At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah collected this Hadith. Al-Bazzar recorded that `Amr bin Shu`ayb said that his father narrated that his grandfather said, "These Ayat were revealed about those who deny Al-Qadar,

إِنَّ الْمُجْرِمِينَ فِى ضَلَـلٍ وَسُعُرٍ - يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِى النَّارِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُواْ مَسَّ سَقَرَ

إِنَّا كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقْنَـهُ بِقَدَرٍ

(Verily, the criminals are in error and will burn. The Day they will be dragged on their faces into the Fire: "Taste you the touch of Hell!" Verily, We have created all things with Qadar.)" Ibn Abi Hatim also recorded that Zurarah said that his father said that the Prophet recited this Ayah,

يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِى النَّارِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُواْ مَسَّ سَقَرَ - إِنَّا كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقْنَـهُ بِقَدَرٍ

("Taste you the touch of Hell!" Verily, We have created all things with Qadar.) and then said,

«نَزَلَتْ فِي أُنَاسٍ مِنْ أُمَّتِي يَكُونُونَ فِي آخِرِ الزَّمَانِ يُكَذِّبُونَ بِقَدَرِ الله»

(These Ayat were revealed about some members of my Ummah. They will come before the end of time and deny Al-Qadar.) Ata' bin Abi Rabah said, "I went to Ibn `Abbas and found him drawing water from the well of Zamzam. The bottom of his clothes were wet with the water of Zamzam and I said to him, `They talked about Al-Qadar (some denied it).' He asked, `Have they done this' I said, `Yes.' He said, `By Allah! This Ayah was revealed only about them,

يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِى النَّارِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُواْ مَسَّ سَقَرَ - إِنَّا كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقْنَـهُ بِقَدَرٍ

("Taste you the touch of Hell!" Verily, We have created all things with Qadar.) They are the worst members of this Ummah. Do not visit those who fall ill among them or pray the Funeral prayer for those among them who die. If I saw one of them, I would pluck out his eyes with these two fingers of mine."' Imam Ahmad recorded that Nafi` said, " `Abdullah bin `Umar had a friend in the area of Ash-Sham who used to write to him. `Abdullah bin `Umar wrote to him, `I was told that you started talking about Al-Qadar. Therefore, do not dare write to me any more. I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say,

«سَيَكُونُ فِي أُمَّتِي أَقْوَامٌ يُكَذِّبُونَ بِالْقَدَر»

(There will be some members of my Ummah who will deny Al-Qadar.)" Abu Dawud collected this Hadith from Ahmad bin Hanbal. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«كُلُّ شَيْءٍ بِقَدَرٍ حَتْى الْعَجْزُ وَالْكَيْس»

(Every thing is predetermined, even laziness and intelligence.) Muslim collected this Hadith using a chain of narration through Imam Malik. There is also an authentic Hadith in which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«اسْتَعِنْ بِاللهِ وَلَا تَعْجَزْ، فَإِنْ أَصَابَكَ أَمْرٌ فَقُلْ: قَدَّرَ اللهُ وَمَا شَاءَ فَعَلَ، وَلَا تَقُلْ: لَوْ أَنِّي فَعَلْتُ كَذَا لَكَانَ كَذَا، فَإِنَّ لَوْ تَفْتَحُ عَمَلَ الشَّيْطَان»

(Seek the help of Allah and do not succumb to feebleness. And when an affliction strikes you, say, "Allah has decreed this, and He does as He wills." Do not say, "Had I done this or that, this or that would have happened, because "if" opens the door wide for the work of Ash-Shaytan.)" In a Hadith from `Abbas, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him,

«وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْأُمَّةَ لَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَنْفَعُوكَ بِشَيْءٍ، لَمْ يَكْتُبْهُ اللهُ لَكَ لَمْ يَنْفَعُوكَ، وَلَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَضُرُّوكَ بِشَيْءٍ، لَمْ يَكْتُبْهُ اللهُ عَلَيْكَ لَمْ يَضُرُّوكَ، جَفَّتِ الْأَقْلَامُ وَطُوِيَتِ الصُّحُف»

(Know that if the Ummah were to all gather their strength to cause you some benefit that Allah has not decreed for you, they will never be able to bring you that benefit. And if they gather their strength to bring a harm to you that Allah has not written on you, they will never be able to harm you. The pens have gone dry and the Books of Record have been closed.) Imam Ahmad recorded that Ubadah bin Al-Walid bin Ubadah said that his father said to him, "I went to `Ubadah when he was ill, and I thought that he was going to die. So I said, `O my father, advise us and make the best effort in this regard.' He said, `Help me sit up,' and when he was helped up, he said, `O my son! Know that you will not taste the delight of Faith or earn true knowledge in Allah until you believe in Al-Qadar, the good and the not so good parts of it.' I asked, `O my father! How can I know (or believe in) Al-Qadar, the good and the not so good parts of it' He said, `When you know that what has missed you, would never have come to you and what has befallen you would never have missed you. O my son! I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say,

«إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا خَلَقَ اللهُ الْقَلَمُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ: اكْتُبْ، فَجَرَى فِي تِلْكَ السَّاعَةِ بِمَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَة»

(The first thing Allah created was the Pen, right after that commanded it, `Record!' and the Pen recorded everything that will occur until the Day of Resurrection.) O my son! If you die not having this belief, you will enter the Hellfire."' At-Tirmidhi also recorded it and said: "Hasan Sahih Gharib." It is confirmed in Sahih Muslim from `Abdullah bin `Amr that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«إِنَّ اللهَ كَتَبَ مَقَادِيرَ الْخَلْقِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ السَّموَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِخَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَة»

(Verily, Allah recorded the measurements for the creatures fifty thousand years before He created the heavens and earth.) Ibn Wahb added,

وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَآءِ

(And His Throne was over the water.)(11:7) At-Tirmidhi also recorded it, and he said: "Hasan, Sahih Gharib."

A Warning to beware of Allah's Threats

Allah said,

وَمَآ أَمْرُنَآ إِلاَّ وَحِدَةٌ كَلَمْحٍ بِالْبَصَرِ

(And Our commandment is but one as the twinkling of an eye.) This is information about the execution of His will in His creation, just as He informed us the execution of His decree in them,

وَمَآ أَمْرُنَآ إِلاَّ وَحِدَةٌ

(And Our commandment is but one) meaning, `We only command a thing once, without needing to repeat the command; and whatever We command comes to existence faster than the blinking of an eye without any delay, not even for an instant.' Allah said,

وَلَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَآ أَشْيَـعَكُمْ

(And indeed, We have destroyed your likes), i.e. the earlier nations who denied their Messengers,

فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ

(then is there any that will remember) meaning, is there any that will receive admonition by remembering the humiliation and torment that Allah decreed for them

وَحِيلَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ مَا يَشْتَهُونَ كَمَا فُعِلَ بِأَشْيَـعِهِم مِّن قَبْلُ

(And a barrier will be set between them and that which they desire, as was done in the past with the people of their kind.)(34:54) Allah's statement,

وَكُلُّ شَىْءٍ فَعَلُوهُ فِى الزُّبُرِ

(And everything they have done is noted in Az-Zubur.) meaning, everything they did is recorded in the Books of Record entrusted to the angels, peace be upon them,

وَكُلُّ صَغِيرٍ وَكَبِيرٍ

(And everything, small and large,) meaning, of their actions,

مُّسْتَطَرٌ

(is written down.) everything that they do is recorded and written in their Record of deeds, which leave nothing, whether large or small, but it is recorded and counted. Imam Ahmad recorded that `A'ishah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«يَا عَائِشَةُ إِيَّاكِ وَمُحَقَّرَاتِ الذُّنُوبِ، فَإِنَّ لَهَا مِنَ اللهِ طَالِبًا»

(O `A'ishah! Beware of small sins, because there is someone assigned by Allah who records them.) An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah also collected this Hadith.

The Good End for Those with Taqwa

Allah said,

إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِى جَنَّـتٍ وَنَهَرٍ

(Verily, those who have Taqwa, will be in the midst of Gardens and Rivers.), unlike the end that the miserable are facing, loss, confusion and being dragged in the Fire on their faces, as well as being disgraced, punished and threatened. Allah said,

فِى مَقْعَدِ صِدْقٍ

(In a seat of truth,) in the Dwelling of Allah's honor, encompassed by His pleasure, favors, bounties, generosity and compassion,

عِندَ مَلِيكٍ مُّقْتَدِرِ

(near the Muqtadir King.) meaning with the Magnificent King Who created everything and measured its destiny; He is able to grant them whatever they wish and ask for. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin `Amr said that the Prophet said,

«الْمُقْسِطُونَ عِنْدَ اللهِ عَلَى مَنَابِرَ مِنْ نُورٍ عَنْ يَمِينِ الرَّحْمنِ وَكِلْتَا يَدَيْهِ يَمِينٌ، الَّذِينَ يَعْدِلُونَ فِي حُكْمِهِمْ وَأَهْلِيهِمْ وَمَا وَلُوا»

(Verily, the just will be with Allah on podiums of light, to the right of Ar-Rahman, and both of His Hands are right. They are those who are just and fair in their judgement and with their families and those whom they are responsible for.) Muslim and An-Nasa'i also recorded this Hadith.

This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Iqtarabat (Al-Qamar). All praise and thanks are due to Allah, and success and immunity from error come from Him.

Truly everything read inna kulla shay’in is in the accusative as a dependent clause because of a verb governing it have We created in a measure by ordainment bi-qadarin ‘in a measure’ is a circumstantial qualifier referring to kulla ‘every’ in other words ‘already predetermined’; a variant reading for kulla has nominative kullu as the subject the predicate of which is khalaqnāhu ‘We have created’.

إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ‌ (Verily, We have created everything according to [ Our ] predestination...54:49). In the prepositional phrase bi-qadar, the word qadar literally denotes to 'measure' and to create something with a proper measure and proportion. It is possible for this literal sense of the word to apply in the current verse: Allah is the Supreme Sage Who created every species of the existent entity wisely with proper measurement - whether big or small, and in different shapes and sizes. Having created, He maintains the structure of every individual in a very wise measurement: The fingers and toes are not equal in size; the lengths are different; the length and breadth of hands and legs are wisely structured; and their bones, muscles and skins are created flexible to stretch and contract. When we analyze every single part of every single limb and organ of [ human ] body, we discern the wondrous vistas of Divine wisdom opening up.

As a theological term, qadar is used in the sense of taqdir [ Divine predetermination, predestination, preordainment, preordering or decree ]. Most authorities on Tafsir, on account of some versions of hadith, take the word qadar here in this sense. It is recorded in Musnad of Ahmad, Sahib Muslim and Tirmidhi on the authority of Sayyidna Abu Hurairah ؓ that once the pagans of Quraish came to the Holy Prophet ﷺ debating and arguing with him on the question of taqdir (Predestination). On that occasion this verse was revealed. In the light of this tradition, the verse purports to say that Allah has predetermined the total sum of everything. He created everything with predestined limits before they were created. He knew everything that will occur before it occurred, and recorded everything [ time and place, growth and decline ] that will occur, before they occurred. Everything that occurs in this world; occurs according to the Divine Plan worked out in Pre-Eternity or Eternity-without-Beginning.

The question of taqdir, according to Ahl-us-sunnah wal jama` ah, is one of the affirmed and standard articles of faith in Islam. Anyone who denies it outright is an atheist or goes out of the pale Islam, and the sects that deny it by convoluted or twisted interpretation are fasiq in [ sinners or transgressors ]. Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawud and Tabarani record a Tradition on the authority of Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn ` Umar ؓ that the Holy Messenger ﷺ said: "Some members of every community are Magians, and the Magians of my Ummah are those who deny taqdir. If they fall ill, do not visit them; and if they die, do not attend their funerals." (Ruh al-Ma’ ani) Allah, the Pure and Exalted, knows best!

Al-hamdulillah

The Commentary on

Surah Al-Qamar

Ends here

(Lo! the guilty are in error and madness� Lo! We have created every thing by measure) [54:47-49]. Abu�l-Qasim �Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Sarraj informed us (by dictation)> Abu Muhammad �Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Musa al-Ka�bi> Hamdan ibn Salih al-Ashajj> �Abd Allah ibn �Abd al-�Aziz ibn Abi Rawwad> Sufyan al-Thawri> Ziyad ibn Isma�il al-Makhzumi> Muhammad ibn �Abbad ibn Ja�far> Abu Hurayrah who said: �The Quraysh came to dispute the question of Destiny. Allah, exalted is He, therefore revealed (Lo! the guilty are in error and madness� Lo! We have created every thing by measure)�. This was narrated by Muslim from Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah> Waki�> Sufyan. By Allah, I bear witness that Abu�l-Harith Muhammad ibn �Abd al-Rahim al-Hafiz informed us in Jurjan; he said: �By Allah, I bear witness that Abu Nu�aym Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Bazzaz informed us; he said: �By Allah, I bear witness that I heard �Ali ibn Jandal saying: �By Allah, I bear witness that I heard Abu�l-Hasan Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ubayy in Khurasan say: �By Allah, I bear witness that I heard �Abd Allah ibn al-Saqr al-Hafiz say: �By Allah, I bear witness that I heard �Ufayr ibn Ma�dan say: �by Allah, I bear witness that I heard Salim ibn �Amir say: �By Allah, I bear witness that I heard Abu Umamah al-Bahili say: �By Allah, I bear witness that I heard the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, say: �This verse was revealed about the deniers of Destiny (al-Qadariyyah): (Lo! the guilty are in error and madness� Lo! We have created every thing by measure). Abu Bakr ibn al-Harith related to us> �Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Asfahani> Jarir ibn Harun> �Ali al-Tanafisi> �Ubayd Allah ibn Musa> Bahr al-Saqa�> A Shaykh from Quraysh> �Ata� who said: �The bishop of Najran came to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: �O Muhammad, you claim that sins are created by measure and that the seas and heaven are also created by measure. If it is true that the seas and heaven are created by measure, sins nevertheless cannot be�. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: �You are Allah�s adversaries!� And then Allah, exalted is He, revealed (Lo! the guilty are in error and madness) up to His words (Lo! We have created every thing by measure)�.