54:45 Al-Qamar (The Moon)

قال تعالى مبينا لضعفهم، وأنهم مهزومون: { سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ } فوقع كما أخبر، هزم الله جمعهم الأكبر يوم بدر، وقتل من صناديدهم وكبرائهم ما ذلوا به ونصر الله دينه ونبيه وحزبه المؤمنين.

أي سيتفرق شملهم ويغلبون. قال البخاري حدثنا إسحاق حدثنا خالد عن خالد وقال أيضا حدثنا محمد بن عفان عن وهيب عن خالد عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال وهو في قبة له يوم بدر "أنشدك عهدك ووعدك اللهم إن شئت لم تعبد بعد اليوم فى الأرض أبدا " فأخذ أبو بكر رضي الله عنه بيده وقال حسبك يا رسول الله ألححت على ربك فخرج وهو يثب في الدرع وهو يقول "سيهزم الجمع ويولون الدبر بل الساعة موعدهم والساعة أدهى وأمر" وكذا رواه البخاري والنسائي في غير موضع من حديث خالد وهو ابن مهران الحذاء به. وقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أبي حدثنا أبو الربيع الزهراني حدثنا حماد عن أيوب عن عكرمة قال لما نزلت "سيهزم الجمع ويولون الدبر" قال عمر أي جمع يهزم؟ أي جمع يغلب؟ قال عمر فلما كان يوم بدر رأيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يثب في الدرع وهو يقول "سيهزم الجمع ويولون الدبر" فعرفت تأويلها يومئذ.

The Story of Fir`awn and His People

Allah the Exalted narrates to us the story of Fir`awn and his people. A Messenger came to them from Allah, Musa supported by his brother Harun. Their Messengers delivered good news if they believe, and a warning if they rejected the Message. Allah supported Musa and Harun with tremendous miracles and great signs, but Fir`awn and his people rejected all of them. Allah took them the way the All-Mighty, the All-Capable would; He destroyed them all leaving none surviving to tell the story of what happened to them. Advising and Threatening the Quraysh Allah said,

أَكُفَّـرُكُمْ

(Are your disbelievers) meaning, `O idolators of the Quraysh,'

خَيْرٌ مِّنْ أُوْلَـئِكُمْ

(better than these) meaning better than the nations that were mentioned here, who were destroyed on account of their disbelief in the Messengers and rejecting the Scriptures. `Are you better than these'

أَمْ لَكُم بَرَآءَةٌ فِى الزُّبُرِ

(Or have you immunity in the Divine Scriptures), `do you have immunity from Allah that the torment and punishment will not touch you' Allah said about the Quraysh,

أَمْ يَقُولُونَ نَحْنُ جَمِيعٌ مُّنتَصِرٌ

(Or say they: "We are a great multitude, victorious") stating that they believed they will support each other and their great gathering will avail them against those who intend to harm them. Allah the Exalted responded,

سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ

(Their multitude will be put to flight, and they will show their backs.) affirming that their gathering shall scatter, and they shall be defeated. Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Prophet , while in a dome-shaped tent on the day of the battle of Badr, said,

«أَنْشُدُكَ عَهْدَكَ وَوَعْدَكَ، اللْهُمَّ إِنْ شِئْتَ لَمْ تُعْبَدْ بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَبَدًا»

(O Allah! I ask you for the fulfillment of Your covenant and promise. O Allah! If You wish (to destroy the believers), You will never be worshipped on the earth after today.) Abu Bakr caught him by the hand and said, `This is sufficient, O Allah's Messenger! You have sufficiently asked and petitioned Allah.' The Prophet was clad in his armor at that time and went out, saying,

سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ - بَلِ السَّاعَةُ مَوْعِدُهُمْ وَالسَّاعَةُ أَدْهَى وَأَمَرُّ

(Their multitude will be put to flight and they will show their backs. Nay, but the Hour is their appointed time and that Hour will be more grievous and more bitter.)" Al-Bukhari also recorded that Yusuf bin Mahak said, "I was with the Mother of the faithful, `A'ishah, when she said, `When I was still a young playful girl in Makkah, this Ayah was revealed to Muhammad ﷺ,

بَلِ السَّاعَةُ مَوْعِدُهُمْ وَالسَّاعَةُ أَدْهَى وَأَمَرُّ

(Nay, but the Hour is their appointed time and that Hour will be more grievous and more bitter.)" This is the abridged narration that Al-Bukhari collected, but he also collected a longer narration of it in the Book of the Virtues of the Qur'an. Muslim did not collect this Hadith.

إِنَّ الْمُجْرِمِينَ فِى ضَلَـلٍ وَسُعُرٍ - يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِى النَّارِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُواْ مَسَّ سَقَرَ

The host will truly be routed and turn its back to flee and so they were defeated at Badr and God’s Messenger s was granted victory over them.

Lexicological analysis

The word زُبُر zubur (in verse 43) is the plural of zabur, which stands for any written book. It specifically refers to the Scripture that was revealed to Prophet Dawud (علیہ السلام) .

أَدْهَىٰ وَأَمَرُّ‌ (...more calamitous and more bitter...54:46). The word adha means more or most calamitous. The word amarr is derived from murr which originally means 'bitter'. By extension anything 'difficult' or 'painful' is also referred to as amarr and murr. In the phrase فِي ضَلَالٍ وَسُعُرٍ‌ fi dalalin wa su'ur, dalal, as is known, means 'error' or 'deviation' and the word su'ur in the present context means the 'Hell-Fire1.' In the phrase ashya'akum, (verse 51) ashya` is the plural of shi'ah, and it means a 'follower', that is, those who follow their pattern of life.

(1). This is according to one interpretation. The other meaning of the word is 'madness' and the translation in the text is based on this meaning. (Muhammad Taqi Usmani

In the phrase مَقْعَدِ صِدْقٍ maq` adi-sidqin, the word maq'ad means 'seat' and the word sidq means 'truth' and implies the 'seat of truth' where there will be no idle and obscene talks.