35:18 Faatir (The Originator)

ويدل على المعنى الأخير، ما ذكره بعده في قوله: { وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى } أي: في يوم القيامة كل أحد يجازى بعمله، ولا يحمل أحد ذنب أحد. { وَإِنْ تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ } أي: نفس مثقلة بالخطايا والذنوب، تستغيث بمن يحمل عنها بعض أوزارها { لَا يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى } فإنه لا يحمل عن قريب، فليست حال الآخرة بمنزلة حال الدنيا، يساعد الحميم حميمه، والصديق صديقه، بل يوم القيامة، يتمنى العبد أن يكون له حق على أحد، ولو على والديه وأقاربه.{ إِنَّمَا تُنْذِرُ الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَيْبِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ } أي: هؤلاء الذين يقبلون النذارة وينتفعون بها، أهل الخشية للّه بالغيب، أي: الذين يخشونه في حال السر والعلانية، والمشهد والمغيب، وأهل إقامة الصلاة، بحدودها وشروطها وأركانها وواجباتها وخشوعها، لأن الخشية للّه تستدعي من العبد العمل بما يخشى من تضييعه العقاب، والهرب مما يخشى من ارتكابه العذاب، والصلاة تدعو إلى الخير، وتنهى عن الفحشاء والمنكر.{ وَمَنْ تَزَكَّى فَإِنَّمَا يَتَزَكَّى لِنَفْسِهِ } أي: ومن زكى نفسه بالتنقِّي من العيوب، كالرياء والكبر، والكذب والغش، والمكر والخداع والنفاق، ونحو ذلك من الأخلاق الرذيلة، وتحلَّى بالأخلاق الجميلة، من الصدق، والإخلاص، والتواضع، ولين الجانب، والنصح للعباد، وسلامة الصدر من الحقد والحسد وغيرهما من مساوئ الأخلاق، فإن تزكيته يعود نفعها إليه، ويصل مقصودها إليه، ليس يضيع من عمله شيء.{ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ } فيجازي الخلائق على ما أسلفوه، ويحاسبهم على ما قدموه وعملوه، ولا يغادر صغيرة ولا كبيرة إلا أحصاها.

وقوله تعالى: "ولا تزر وازرة وزر أخرى" أي يوم القيامة "وإن تدع مثقلة إلى حملها" أي وإن تدع نفس مثقلة بأوزارها إلى أن تساعد على حمل ما عليها من الأوزار أو بعضه "لا يحمل منه شيء ولو كان ذا قربى" أي وإن كان قريبا إليها حتى ولو كان أباها أو ابنها كل مشغول بنفسه وحاله قال عكرمة في قوله تعالى: "وإن تدع مثقلة إلى حملها" الآية قال هو الجار يتعلق بجاره يوم القيامة فيقول يا رب سل هذا لم كان يغلق بابه دوني وإن الكافر ليتعلق بالمؤمن يوم القيامة فيقول له يا مؤمن إن لي عندك يدا قد عرفت كيف كنت لك في الدنيا وقد احتجت إليك اليوم فلا يزال المؤمن يشفع له عند ربه حتى يرده إلى منزل دون منزله وهو في النار وإن الوالد ليتعلق بولده يوم القيامة فيقول يا بني أي والد كنت لك؟ فيثني خيرا فيقول له يا بني إني قد احتجت إلى مثقال ذرة من حسناتك أنجو بها مما ترى فيقول له ولده يا أبت ما أيسر ما طلبت ولكني أتخوف مثل ما تتخوف فلا أستطيع أن أعطيك شيئا ثم يتعلق بزوجته فيقول يا فلانة أو يا هذه أي زوج كنت لك فتثني خيرا فيقول لها إنى أطلب إليك حسنة واحدة تهبيها لي لعلي أنجو بها مما ترين. قال فتقول ما أيسر ما طلبت ولكني لا أطيق أن أعطيك شيئا إنى أتخوف مثل الذي تتخوف يقول الله تعالى: "وإن تدع مثقلة إلى حملها" الآية ويقول تبارك وتعالى: "لا يجزي والد عن ولده ولا مولود هو جاز عن والده شيئا" ويقول تعالى: "يوم يفر المرء من أخيه وأمه وأبيه وصاحبته وبنيه لكل امرئ منهم يومئذ شأن يغنيه" رواه ابن أبي حاتم رحمه الله عن أبي عبدالله الظهراني عن حفص بن عمر عن الحكم بن أبان عن عكرمة به ثم قال تبارك وتعالى: "إنما تنذر الذين يخشون ربهم بالغيب وأقاموا الصلاة" أي إنما يتعظ بما جئت به أولو البصائر والنهي الخائفون من ربهم الفاعلون ما أمرهم به "ومن تزكى فإنما يتزكى لنفسه" أي ومن عمل صالحا فإنما يعود نفعه على نفسه "وإلى الله المصير" أي وإليه المرجع والمآب وهو سريع الحساب وسيجزي كل عامل بعمله إن خيرا فخير وإن شرا فشر.

Mankind is in need of Allah, and each Person will carry His own Burdens on the Day of Resurrection

Allah tells us that He has no need of anyone or anything else, but all of creation is in need of Him and is in a position of humility before Him. He says:

يأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنتُمُ الْفُقَرَآءُ إِلَى اللَّهِ

(O mankind! it is you who stand in need of Allah.) meaning, they need Him in all that they do, but He has no need of them at all. Allah says:

وَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْغَنِىُّ الْحَمِيدُ

But Allah is the Rich, Worthy of all praise. meaning, He is unique in His being Free of all needs, and has no partner or associate, and He is Worthy of all praise in all that He does, says, decrees and legislates.

إِن يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُـمْ وَيَأْتِ بِخَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ

(If He willed, He could destroy you and bring about a new creation.) means, if He wanted to, He could destroy you and bring forth another people, and this is not difficult or impossible for Him. He says:

وَمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ

(And that is not hard for Allah.) Allah's saying:

وَلاَ تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى

(And no bearer of burdens shall bear another's burden;) means, on the Day of Resurrection.

وَإِن تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ إِلَى حِمْلِهَا

(and if one heavily laden calls another to (bear) his load, ) means, if the person who is carrying a heavy burden calls someone else to help him carry his load, all or part of it,

لاَ يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى

(nothing of it will be lifted even though he be near of kin.) means, even if he is closely-related to him, even if he is his father or son, for each person will be preoccupied with his own self and his own situation. Then Allah says:

إِنَّمَا تُنذِرُ الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَيْبِ وَأَقَامُواْ الصَّلَوةَ

(You can warn only those who fear their Lord unseen and perform the Salah.) means, `the only ones who will draw a lesson from what you have brought are those who are possessed of insight and wisdom, who fear their Lord and who do as He commands.'

وَمَن تَزَكَّى فَإِنَّمَا يَتَزَكَّى لِنَفْسِهِ

(And he who purifies himself, then he purifies only for the benefit of himself.) means, who does righteous deeds, the benefit of that will come back to him,

وَإِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ

And to Allah is the Return. means, to Him everything will ultimately return, and He is swift in bringing to account. He will reward or punish everyone according to his deeds: if they are good, then the end will be good, and if they are bad, then the end will be bad.

And no burdened soul shall bear the burden of another sinful soul. And should one soul burdened heavily with sin call for some of its burden to be borne by another nothing of it will be borne even if the one called be a relative kin such as a father or a son — the impossibility of ‘having something borne by another’ in both instances is something ordained by God. You can only warn those who fear their Lord in secret in other words those who fear Him despite not having seen Him for they are the ones to benefit from the warning and observe the prayer maintain performance of it. For whoever purifies himself cleansing himself of idolatry and other similar abominations is purifying himself only for the sake of his own soul because the reforming of his self pertains to him. And to God is the end of the journeying the return in the Hereafter when He will requite according to deeds.

Commentary

Verse 18: وَلَا تَزِرُ‌ وَازِرَ‌ةٌ وِزْرَ‌ أُخْرَ‌ىٰ (And no bearer will bear the burden of any other person) means that, on the Day of Judgment, no one will be able to bear the burden of another person's sins. Everyone will have to bear his or her burden. As for what appears in Surah Al-` Ankabut (29:13): وَأَثْقَالًا مَّعَ أَثْقَالِهِمْ , which means that people who make others go astray will not only bear the burden of going astray personally, but will also bear the burden of having made others go astray. it does not mean that they will somehow lighten the burden of those they had caused to go astray. Instead, their burden will weigh on them as it was in its own place and because of the crime of those who made people go astray, being twofold, their burden too will become twofold, one: that of being astray and two: that of making others go astray. Therefore, there is no contradiction in these two verses. (Ruh-ul-Ma’ ani)

Explaining this verse, Sayyidna ` Ikrimah ؓ said: On that Day, a father would say to his son, 'You know how affectionate a father I was to you?' He will say, 'yes, your favors to me are countless. You have certainly faced many a hardship for me during the life of the world.' Then, the father will say, 'son, today I need you. Give me some of your good deeds, so that I can have my salvation.' The son will say, 'father, the return you asked for is not much, but what can I do? If I were to give that to you, I shall be facing the same situation that you are facing now, therefore, I am sorry, I cannot help you.' Then, he will say the same thing to his wife, 'I sacrificed everything for you during the life of the world. Today, I need a few of your good deeds. Please give these to me.' The wife will give him the same answer as was given by the son.

Sayyidna ` Ikrimah ؓ said that this is what the verse: لَا تَزِرُ‌ وَازِرَ‌ةٌ وِزْرَ‌ أُخْرَ‌ىٰ (And no bearer will bear the burden of any other) means. Then he said that the noble Qur'an has taken up this subject in several of its verses. At one place, it has said: لَّا يَجْزِي وَالِدٌ عَن وَلَدِهِ وَلَا مَوْلُودٌ هُوَ جَازٍ عَن وَالِدِهِ شَيْئًا that is, on that Day, neither a father would be able to have his son be spared from the punishment, nor would a son be able to do that for his father (31:33). The essential sense is that no one will save another person by carrying the burden of his sins over one's own shoulders. However, the matter of intercession (shafa'ah) is dierent. Similarly, in another verse, it was said: يَوْمَ يَفِرُّ‌ الْمَرْ‌ءُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ وَأَبِيهِ that is, on that Day, one will run from his brother and his mother and father and his wife and children (80:34, 35). The purpose of running is no other but that he would be in fear, lest these people try to pass on the burden of their sins on him or come up with a request for some of his good deeds. (Ibn Kathir)