3:76 Aal-i-Imraan (The Family of Imraan)

فقال { بلى } أي: ليس الأمر كما تزعمون أنه ليس عليكم في الأميين حرج، بل عليكم في ذلك أعظم الحرج وأشد الإثم. { من أوفى بعهده واتقى } والعهد يشمل العهد الذي بين العبد وبين ربه، وهو جميع ما أوجبه الله على العبد من حقه، ويشمل العهد الذي بينه وبين العباد، والتقوى تكون في هذا الموضع، ترجع إلى اتقاء المعاصي التي بين العبد وبين ربه، وبينه وبين الخلق، فمن كان كذلك فإنه من المتقين الذين يحبهم الله تعالى، سواء كانوا من الأميين أو غيرهم، فمن قال ليس علينا في الأميين سبيل، فلم يوف بعهده ولم يتق الله، فلم يكن ممن يحبه الله، بل ممن يبغضه الله، وإذا كان الأمييون قد عرفوا بوفاء العهود وبتقوى الله وعدم التجرئ على الأموال المحترمة، كانوا هم المحبوبين لله، المتقين الذين أعدت لهم الجنة، وكانوا أفضل خلق الله وأجلهم، بخلاف الذين يقولون ليس علينا في الأميين سبيل، فإنهم داخلون في قوله: { إن الذين يشترون بعهد الله وأيمانهم ثمنا قليلا } ويدخل في ذلك كل من أخذ شيئا من الدنيا في مقابلة ما تركه من حق الله أو حق عباده، وكذلك من حلف على يمين يقتطع بها مال معصوم فهو داخل في هذه الآية، فهؤلاء { لا خلاق لهم في الآخرة } أي: لا نصيب لهم من الخير { ولا يكلمهم الله } يوم القيامة غضبا عليهم وسخطا، لتقديمهم هوى أنفسهم على رضا ربهم { ولا يزكيهم } أي: يطهرهم من ذنوبهم، ولا يزيل عيوبهم { ولهم عذاب أليم } أي: موجع للقلوب والأبدان، وهو عذاب السخط والحجاب، وعذاب جهنم، نسأل الله العافية.

قال تعالى "بلى من أوفى بعهده واتقى" أي لكن من أوفى بعهده واتقى منكم يا أهل الكتاب الذي عاهدكم الله عليه من الإيمان بمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا بعث كما أخذ العهد والميثاق على الأنبياء وأممهم بذلك واتقى محارم الله واتبع طاعته وشريعته التي بعث بها خاتم رسله وسيدهم فإن الله يحب المتقين.

How Trustworthy Are the Jews

Allah states that there are deceitful people among the Jews. He also warns the faithful against being deceived by them, because some of them,

مَنْ إِن تَأْمَنْهُ بِقِنْطَارٍ

(if entrusted with a Qintar (a great amount)) of money,

يُؤَدِّهِ إِلَيْكَ

(will readily pay it back;) This Ayah indicates that this type would likewise give what is less than a Qintar, as is obvious. However,

وَمِنْهُمْ مَّنْ إِن تَأْمَنْهُ بِدِينَارٍ لاَّ يُؤَدِّهِ إِلَيْكَ إِلاَّ مَا دُمْتَ عَلَيْهِ قَآئِمًا

(and among them there is he who, if entrusted with a single silver coin, will not repay it unless you constantly stand demanding,) and insisting on acquiring your rightful property. If this is what he would do with one Dinar, then what about what is more than a Dinar We mentioned the meaning of Qintar in the beginning of this Surah, while the value of Dinar is well known. Allah's statement,

ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُواْ لَيْسَ عَلَيْنَا فِى الأُمِّيِّينَ سَبِيلٌ

(because they say: "There is no blame on us to betray and take the properties of the illiterates (Arabs).") means, what made them reject the truth (or what they owed) is that they said, "There is no harm in our religion if we eat up the property of the unlettered ones, the Arabs, for Allah has allowed it for us." Allah replied,

وَيَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ

(But they tell a lie against Allah while they know it.) for they invented this lie and word of misguidance. Rather, Allah would not allow this money for them unless they had a right to it.

`Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Sa`sa`ah bin Yazid said that a man asked Ibn `Abbas, "During battle, we capture some property belonging to Ahl Adh-Dhimmah, such as chickens and sheep." Ibn `Abbas said, "What do you do in this case" The man said, "We say that there is no sin (if we confiscate them) in this case." He said, "That is what the People of the Book said,

لَيْسَ عَلَيْنَا فِى الأُمِّيِّينَ سَبِيلٌ

(There is no blame on us to betray and take the properties of the illiterates (Arabs).)

Verily, if they pay the Jizyah, then you are not allowed their property, except when they willingly give it up."

Allah then said,

بَلَى مَنْ أَوْفَى بِعَهْدِهِ وَاتَّقَى

(Yes, whoever fulfills his pledge and fears Allah much,) fulfills his promise and fears Allah among you, O People of the Book, regarding the covenant Allah took from you to believe in Muhammad ﷺ when he is sent, just as He took the same covenant from all Prophets and their nations. Whoever avoids Allah's prohibitions, obeys Him and adheres to the Shari`ah that He sent with His Final Messenger and the master of all mankind.

فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ

(verily, then Allah loves the Muttaqin.)

Nay there is a duty incumbent over them in this regard; but whoever fulfils his covenant the one he has made or the covenant of God by restoring a trust and other such things and has fear of God by refraining from disobedience and performing deeds of obedience for truly God loves the God-fearing ‘He loves them’ means that He will reward them the overt noun al-muttaqīn ‘the God-fearing’ has replaced the third person pronominalisation.

Sequence

Earlier, in ; يَقُولُونَ ,(they say - 75), there was a refutation of the claim made, by the people of the Book. Onwards from there, in verses 76-77, the same refutation has been re-asserted and the merit of fulfilling a commitment as well as the condemnation for its breach have been clarified.

Commentary

Ahd عھد (pledge or covenant) is what gets settled between parties concerned after mutual discussions and by which both of them have to abide. Contrary to this is وعدہ wa'dah or promise which issues forth from a single side, that is, عہد ` ahd (pledge or covenant) is bilateral while wa'dah (promise) is unilateral.

That commitments should be fulfilled has been stressed in the Qur'an and Sunnah time and again. For instance, right here in verse 77 cited above, five warnings have been given to those who break their solemn pledge:

1. They will have no share in the blessings of the heaven. In a hadith, the Holy Prophet ﷺ has said that one who usurps the right of a Muslim under false oath makes the fire of Hell compulsory for himself. The narrator of the hadith asked if the Fire will become compulsory even if this concerned something very insignificant? In reply, he said: Even if this be the green bough of a tree. (Muslim vide Mazhari)

2. Allah Almighty will not speak to them with glad tidings.

3. Allah Almighty will not look at them mercifully on the Day of Doom.

4. Allah Almighty will not forgive them their sins since they wasted away the rights of a servant of Allah through breach of trust, and Allah will not forgive what a human being owes to another human being. In Islamic terminology, this is known as the hagq al-'abd or the right of a servant of Allah.

And a grievous punishment shall await them.