2:81 Al-Baqara (The Cow)

ثم ذكر تعالى حكما عاما لكل أحد, يدخل به بنو إسرائيل وغيرهم, وهو الحكم الذي لا حكم غيره, لا أمانيهم ودعاويهم بصفة الهالكين والناجين، فقال: { بَلَى } أي: ليس الأمر كما ذكرتم, فإنه قول لا حقيقة له، ولكن { مَنْ كَسَبَ سَيِّئَةً } وهو نكرة في سياق الشرط, فيعم الشرك فما دونه، والمراد به هنا الشرك, بدليل قوله: { وَأَحَاطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيئَتُهُ } أي: أحاطت بعاملها, فلم تدع له منفذا, وهذا لا يكون إلا الشرك, فإن من معه الإيمان لا تحيط به خطيئته. { فَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ } وقد احتج بها الخوارج على كفر صاحب المعصية, وهي حجة عليهم كما ترى, فإنها ظاهرة في الشرك, وهكذا كل مبطل يحتج بآية, أو حديث صحيح على قوله الباطل فلا بد أن يكون فيما احتج به حجة عليه.

يقول تعالى ليس الأمر كما تمنيتم ولا كما تشتهون بل الأمر أنه من عمل سيئة وأحاطت به خطيئته وهو من وافى يوم القيامة وليست له حسنة بل جميع أعماله سيئات فهذا من أهل النار "والذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات" أي آمنوا بالله ورسوله وعملوا الصالحات من العمل الموافق للشريعة فهم من أهل الجنة وهذا المقام شبيه بقوله تعالى ليس بأمانيكم ولا أماني أهل الكتاب من يعمل سوءا يجز به ولا يجد له من دون الله وليا ولا نصيرا ومن يعمل من الصالحات من ذكر أو أنثى وهو مؤمن فأولئك يدخلون الجنة ولا يظلمون نقيرا" قال محمد بن إسحق حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد عن سعيد أو عكرمة عن ابن عباس "بلى من كسب سيئة" أي عمل مثل أعمالكم وكفر بمثل ما كفرتم به حتى يحيط به كفره فما له من حسنة وفي رواية عن ابن عباس قال الشرك قال ابن أبي حاتم. وروي عن وائل وأبي العالية ومجاهد وعكرمة والحسن وقتادة والربيع بن أنس نحوه وقال: الحسن أيضا والسدي السيئة الكبيرة من الكبائر. وقال ابن جريج عن مجاهد "وأحاطت به خطيئته" قال بقلبه وقال: أبو هريرة وأبو وائل وعطاء والحسن "وأحاطت به خطيئته" قالوا أحاط به شركه. وقال: الأعمش عن أبي رزين عن الربيع بن خثيم "وأحاطت به خطيئته" قال الذي يموت على خطاياه من أن يتوب وعن السدي وأبي رزين نحوه وقال أبو العالية ومجاهد والحسن في رواية عنهما وقتادة والربيع بن أنس "وأحاطت به خطيئته" الموجبة الكبيرة وكل هذه الأقوال متقاربة في المعنى والله أعلم. ويذكر ههنا الحديث الذي رواه الإمام أحمد حيث قال حدثنا سليمان بن داود حدثنا عمرو بن قتادة عن عبدربه عن أبي عياض عن عبدالله بن مسعود - رضي الله عنه - أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال: "إياكم ومحقرات الذنوب فإنهن يجتمعن على الرجل حتى يهلكنه" وإن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ضرب لهم مثلا كمثل قوم نزلوا بأرض فلاة فحضر صنيع القوم فجعل الرجل ينطلق فيجيء بالعود والرجل يجيء بالعود حتى جمعوا سوادا وأججوا نارا فأنضجوا ما قذفوا فيها.

Allah says, the matter is not as you have wished and hoped it to be. Rather, whoever does an evil deed and abides purposefully in his error, coming on the Day of Resurrection with no good deeds, only evil deeds, then he will be among the people of the Fire.

وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَاتِ

(And those who believe and do righteous good deeds) meaning, "They believe in Allah and His Messenger and perform the good deeds that conform with the Islamic Law. They shall be among the people of Paradise." Allah said in a similar statement,

لَّيْسَ بِأَمَـنِيِّكُمْ وَلا أَمَانِىِّ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ مَن يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ وَلاَ يَجِدْ لَهُ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلِيّاً وَلاَ نَصِيراً - وَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِنَ الصَّـلِحَـتَ مِن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَى وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ وَلاَ يُظْلَمُونَ نَقِيراً

(It will not be in accordance with your desires (Muslims), nor those of the People of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), whosoever works evil, will have the recompense thereof, and he will not find any protector or helper besides Allah. And whoever does righteous good deeds, male or female, and is a (true) believer in the Oneness of Allah (Muslim), such will enter Paradise and not the least injustice, even the size of a Naqira (speck on the back of a date stone), will be done to them) (4: 123-124).

Also, Abu Hurayrah, Abu Wa'il, `Ata', and Al-Hasan said that,

وَأَحَـطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيـَـتُهُ

(And his sin has surrounded him) means, "His Shirk (polytheism) has surrounded him." Also, Al-A`mash reported from Abu Razin that Ar-Rabi` bin Khuthaym said,

وَأَحَـطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيـَـتُهُ

(And his sin has surrounded him), "Whoever dies before repenting from his wrongs." As-Suddi and Abu Razin said similarly. Abu Al-`Aliyah, Mujahid, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said that,

وَأَحَـطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيـَـتُهُ

(And his sin has surrounded him) refers to major sins. All of these statements carry similar meanings, and Allah knows best.

When Small Sins gather, They bring about Destruction

Here we should mention the Hadith that Imam Ahmad recorded, in which `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«إِيَّاكُمْ وَمُحَقَّرَاتِ الذُّنُوبِ فَإِنَّهُنَّ يَجْتَمِعْنَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ حَتّى يُهْلِكْنَه»

(Beware of the belittled sins, because they gather on a person until they destroy him.)

He then said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave them an example,

«كَمَثَلٍ قَوْمٍ نَزَلُوا بِأَرْضِ فَلَاةٍ، فَحَضَرَ صَنِيعُ الْقَوْمِ فَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَنْطَلِقُ فَيَجِيءُ بِالْعُودِ وَالرَّجُلُ يَجِيءُ بِالْعُودِ، حَتّى جَمَعُوا سَوَادًا وَأَجَّجُوا نَارًا فَأَنْضَجُوا مَا قَذَفُوا فِيهَا»

(This is the example of people who set up camp on a flat land, and then their servants came. One of them collected some wood and another man collected some wood until they collected a great deal. They then started a fire and cooked what they put on it.)

Muhammad bin Ishaq reported that Ibn `Abbas said that,

وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَاتِ أُوْلَـئِكَ أَصْحَـبُ الْجَنَّةِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَـلِدُونَ

(And those who believe and do righteous good deeds, they are dwellers of Paradise, they will dwell therein forever) "Whoever believes in what you (Jews) did not believe in and implements what you refrained from implementing of Muhammad's ﷺ religion, shall acquire Paradise for eternity. Allah stated that the recompense for good or evil works shall remain with its people for eternity. "

Not so it will touch you and you will abide therein; whoever earns evil through associating another with God and is encompassed by his transgression in the singular and the plural that is to say it overcomes him and encircles him totally for he has died an idolater — those are the inhabitants of the Fire therein abiding khālidūn this plural noun takes account of the plural import of man ‘whoever’.

Having refuted the claim of the Jews as baseless, the Holy Qur'an lays down the divine law in this regard. Those who commit evil deeds knowingly and deliberately so that evil takes hold of them completely, leaving no trace of goodness - such men shall go to the Hell, and live there forever, without any intermission or release. But those who believe in Allah and the Holy Prophet ﷺ - whose Shari` ah has now abrogated all the earlier Shari'ahs and who do good deeds in conformity with the Islamic Shari'ah, - it is these men who shall go to Paradise, and will live there forever.

Let us explain how evil can take hold of a man so completely that no trace of goodness is left. This kind of thing happens only to infidels (Kafirs کفار), and not to Muslims, even when they are sinners. For, no good deed on the part of an infidel is acceptable to Allah on account of his infidelity; even the good deeds he has done before his apostasy and infidelity are lost, and rendered null and void. That is why on the Day of Judgment, infidels will have to show nothing but evil, in punishment of which they shall live in Hell for ever. On the contrary, men of faith will, to begin with, have the greatest and highest good deed to their credit - namely, faith ('Iman ایمان) itself. Then, their secondary good deeds too are recorded in their account. So, they cannot be devoid of all goodness, and evil cannot be said to have taken hold of them completely.

In short, the infidel, according to this divine law, must always live in Hell. Since Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) (Moses) was not the last prophet, but was followed by two other prophets, Sayyidna ` Isa (علیہ السلام) (Jesus) and Sayyidna Muhammad ﷺ ، the Jews turned into infidels by denying these two prophets. So, in accordance with this law, they too will be assigned to Hell for ever like other infidels, and their claim that they would be released from Hell after few days can now be seen to be totally false and baseless.