2:200 Al-Baqara (The Cow)

ثم أخبر تعالى عن أحوال الخلق, وأن الجميع يسألونه مطالبهم, ويستدفعونه ما يضرهم, ولكن مقاصدهم تختلف، فمنهم: { مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا } أي: يسأله من مطالب الدنيا ما هو من شهواته, وليس له في الآخرة من نصيب, لرغبته عنها, وقصر همته على الدنيا، ومنهم من يدعو الله لمصلحة الدارين, ويفتقر إليه في مهمات دينه ودنياه، وكل من هؤلاء وهؤلاء, لهم نصيب من كسبهم وعملهم, وسيجازيهم تعالى على حسب أعمالهم, وهماتهم ونياتهم, جزاء دائرا بين العدل والفضل, يحمد عليه أكمل حمد وأتمه، وفي هذه الآية دليل على أن الله يجيب دعوة كل داع, مسلما أو كافرا, أو فاسقا، ولكن ليست إجابته دعاء من دعاه, دليلا على محبته له وقربه منه, إلا في مطالب الآخرة ومهمات الدين. والحسنة المطلوبة في الدنيا يدخل فيها كل ما يحسن وقعه عند العبد, من رزق هنيء واسع حلال, وزوجة صالحة, وولد تقر به العين, وراحة, وعلم نافع, وعمل صالح, ونحو ذلك, من المطالب المحبوبة والمباحة. وحسنة الآخرة, هي السلامة من العقوبات, في القبر, والموقف, والنار, وحصول رضا الله, والفوز بالنعيم المقيم, والقرب من الرب الرحيم، فصار هذا الدعاء, أجمع دعاء وأكمله, وأولاه بالإيثار, ولهذا كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يكثر من الدعاء به, والحث عليه.

يأمر تعالى بذكره والإكثار منه بعد قضاء المناسك وفراغها وقوله "كذكركم آباءكم" اختلفوا في معناه فقال ابن جريج عن عطاء هو كقول الصبي أبه أمه يعني كما يلهج الصبي يذكر أبيه وأمه فكذلك أنتم فالهجوا بذكر الله بعد قضاء النسك. وكذا قال الضحاك والربيع بن أنس وروى ابن جرير من طريق العوفي عن ابن عباس نحوه. وقال سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس: كان أهل الجاهلية يقفون في الموسم فيقول الرجل منهم: كان أبي يطعم ويحمل الحمالات ويحمل الديات. ليس لهم ذكر غير فعال آبائهم. فأنزل الله على محمد - صلى الله عليه وسلم - "فاذكروا الله كذكركم آباءكم أو أشد ذكرا" قال ابن أبي حاتم: وروى السدي عن أنس بن مالك وأبي وائل وعطاء بن أبي رباح في أحد قوليه وسعيد بن جبير وعكرمة في أحد رواياته ومجاهد والسدي وعطاء الخراساني والربيع بن أنس والحسن وقتادة ومحمد بن كعب ومقاتل بن حيان نحو ذلك وهكذا حكاه ابن جرير عن جماعة والله أعلم. والمقصود منه الحث على كثرة الذكر لله عز وجل ولهذا كان انتصاب قوله أو أشد ذكرا على التمييز تقديره كذكركم آباءكم أو أشد ذكرا وأو ههنا لتحقيق المماثلة في الخبر كقوله "فهي كالحجارة أو أشد قسوة" وقوله "يخشون الناس كخشية الله أو أشد خشية" "فأرسلناه إلى مائة ألف أو يزيدون" "فكان قاب قوسين أو أدنى" فليست ههنا للشك قطعا وإنما هي لتحقيق المخبر عنه كذلك أو أزيد منه. ثم إنه تعالى أرشد إلى دعائه بعد كثرة ذكره فإنه مظنة الإجابة وذم من لا يسأله إلا في أمر دنياه وهو معرض عن أخراه فقال "فمن الناس من يقول ربنا آتنا في الدنيا وما له في الآخرة من خلاق" أي من نصيب ولا حظ وتضمن هذا الذم والتنفير عن التشبه بمن هو كذلك قال سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس: كان قوم من الأعراب يجيئون إلى الموقف فيقولون اللهم اجعله عام غيث وعام خصب وعام ولاد حسن لا يذكرون من أمر الآخرة شيئا فأنزل الله فيهم "فمن الناس من يقول ربنا آتنا في الدنيا وما له في الآخرة من خلاق" وكان يجيء بعدهم آخرون من المؤمنين فيقولون "ربنا آتنا في الدنيا حسنة وفي الآخرة حسنة وقنا عذاب النار" فأنزل الله "أولئك لهم نصيب مما كسبوا والله سريع الحساب" ولهذا مدح من يسأله الدنيا والآخرة فقال.

The Order for Remembrance of Allah and seeking Good in this Life and the Hereafter upon completing the Rites of Hajj

Allah commands that He be remembered after the rituals are performed.

كَذِكْرِكُمْ ءَابَآءَكُمْ

(...as you remember your forefathers)

Sa`id bin Jubayr said that Ibn `Abbas said, "During the time of Jahiliyyah, people used to stand during the (Hajj) season, and one of them would say, `My father used to feed (the poor), help others (end their disputes, with his money), pay the Diyah (i.e., blood money),' and so forth. The only Dhikr that they had was that they would remember the deeds of their fathers. Allah then revealed to Muhammad :

فَاذْكُرُواْ اللَّهَ كَذِكْرِكُمْ ءَابَآءَكُمْ أَوْ أَشَدَّ ذِكْرًا

(Remember Allah as you remember your forefathers or with far more remembrance.)

Therefore, remembering Allah the Exalted and Ever High is always encouraged. We should mention that when Allah used "or" in the Ayah, He meant to encourage the people to remember Him more than they remember their forefathers, not that the word entails a doubt (as to which is larger or bigger). This statement is similar to the Ayat:

فَهِىَ كَالْحِجَارَةِ أَوْ أَشَدُّ قَسْوَةً

(...as stones or even worse in hardness) (2:74) and,

يَخْشَوْنَ النَّاسَ كَخَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ أَوْ أَشَدَّ خَشْيَةً

(. ..fear men as they fear Allah or even more) (4:77) and,

وَأَرْسَلْنَـهُ إِلَى مِاْئَةِ أَلْفٍ أَوْ يَزِيدُونَ

(And We sent him to a hundred thousand (people) or even more) (37:147) and,

فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ أَوْ أَدْنَى

(And was at a distance of two bows' length or (even) nearer.) (53:9)

Allah encourages calling Him in supplication after remembering Him, because this will make it more likely that the supplication will be accepted. Allah also criticizes those who only supplicate to Him about the affairs of this life, while ignoring the affairs of the Hereafter. Allah said:

فَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَقُولُ رَبَّنَآ ءَاتِنَا فِى الدُّنْيَا وَمَا لَهُ فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَـقٍ

(But of mankind there are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us (Your bounties) in this world!" and for such there will be no portion in the Hereafter.) qmeaning, they have no share in the Hereafter. This criticism serves to discourage other people from imitating those mentioned.

Sa`id bin Jubayr said that Ibn `Abbas said, "Some bedouins used to come to the standing area (`Arafat) and supplicate saying, `O Allah! Make it a rainy year, a fertile year and a year of good child bearing.' They would not mention any of the affairs of the Hereafter. Thus, Allah revealed about them:

فَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَقُولُ رَبَّنَآ ءَاتِنَا فِى الدُّنْيَا وَمَا لَهُ فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَـقٍ

(But of mankind there are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us (Your bounties) in this world!" and for such there will be no portion in the Hereafter.)

The believers who came after them used to say:

رَبَّنَآ ءَاتِنَا فِى الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الاٌّخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ

(Our Lord! Give us in this world that which is good and in the Hereafter that which is good, and save us from the torment of the Fire!")

Next, Allah revealed:

أُولَـئِكَ لَهُمْ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا كَسَبُواْ وَاللَّهُ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ

(For them there will be alloted a share for what they have earned. And Allah is swift at reckoning.)

Hence, Allah praised those who ask for the affairs of both this life and the Hereafter. He said:

وِمِنْهُم مَّن يَقُولُ رَبَّنَآ ءَاتِنَا فِى الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الاٌّخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ

(And of them there are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us in this world that which is good and in the Hereafter that which is good, and save us from the torment of the Fire!")

The supplication mentioned and praised in the Ayah includes all good aspects of this life and seeks refuge from all types of evil. The good of this life concerns every material request of well-being, spacious dwelling, pleasing mates, sufficient provision, beneficial knowledge, good profession or deeds, comfortable means of transportation and good praise, all of which the scholars of Tafsir have mentioned regarding this subject. All of these are but a part of the good that is sought in this life. As for the good of the Hereafter, the best of this includes acquiring Paradise, which also means acquiring safety from the greatest horror at the gathering place. It also refers to being questioned lightly and the other favors in the Hereafter.

As for acquiring safety from the Fire, it includes being directed to what leads to this good end in this world, such as avoiding the prohibitions, sins of all kinds and doubtful matters.

Al-Qasim bin `Abdur-Rahman said, "Whoever is gifted with a grateful heart, a remembering tongue and a patient body, will have been endowed with a good deed in this life, a good deed in the Hereafter and saved from the torment of the Fire."

This is why the Sunnah encourages reciting this Du`a' (i.e., in the Ayah about gaining a good deed in this life and the Hereafter). Al-Bukhari reported that Anas bin Malik narrated that the Prophet used to say:

«اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً، وَفِي الآخِرَةِ حَسَنَــةً، وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّار»

(O Allah, our Lord! Give us that which is good in this life, that which is good in the Hereafter and save us from the torment of the Fire.)

Imam Ahmad reported that Anas said, "Allah's Messenger ﷺ visited a Muslim man who had become as weak as a sick small bird. Allah's Messenger ﷺ said to him, `Were you asking or supplicating to Allah about something' He said, `Yes. I used to say: O Allah! Whatever punishment you saved for me in the Hereafter, give it to me in this life.' Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:

«سُبْحَانَ اللهِ لَا تُطِيقُهُ أَوْ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُهُ، فَهَلَّا قُلْتَ:

رَبَّنَآ ءَاتِنَا فِى الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الاٌّخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ

(

(All praise is due to Allah! You cannot bear it -or stand it-. You should have said: (Our Lord! Give us in this world that which is good and in the Hereafter that which is good, and save us from the torment of the Fire!))

The man began reciting this Du`a and he was cured." Muslim also recorded it.

Al-Hakim reported that Sa`id bin Jubayr said, "A man came to Ibn `Abbas and said, `I worked for some people and settled for a part of my compensation in return for their taking me to perform Hajj with them. Is this acceptable' Ibn `Abbas said, `You are among those whom Allah described:

أُولَـئِكَ لَهُمْ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا كَسَبُواْ وَاللَّهُ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ

(For them there will be alloted a share for what they have earned. And Allah is swift at reckoning.)

Al-Hakim then commented; "This Hadith is authentic according to the criteria of the Two Shaykhs (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) although they did not record it."

And when you have performed and completed your holy rites that is the devotions pertaining to your pilgrimage having cast stones at the Jamrat al-‘Aqaba performed the circumambulation and stopped at Minā remember God by extolling Him and repeating the takbīr saying Allāhu akbar ‘God is Great’ as you remember your fathers as you used to remember them and boast about them at the end of your pilgrimage or yet more intensely than your remembrance of them ashadda is in the accusative because it is a circumstantial qualifier referring to dhikr ‘remembrance’ which itself is in the accusative as the object of udhkurū ‘remember’ because had it come after it it would have functioned as an adjectival phrase. There are some people who say ‘Our Lord give to us our lot in this world’ and they are given it; such people will have no part no lot in the Hereafter.

The prohibition of Jahili customs at Mina

In the verses 199 to 201, some Jahili جاھلی customs have been corrected. One of these was that the Arabs of the Jahiliyyah جاھلیہ would, once they had finished their rites at ` Arafat and Muzdalifah and performed their tawaf طواف and sacrifice and stay in Mina منٰی ، hold gatherings to recite poetry and to eulogize the achievements of their forefathers. Such gatherings were obviously devoid of the remembrance of Allah. It was strange that they elected to waste such blessed days in activities which were of no consequence in relation to what they were supposed to do there. Therefore, they were told that, as soon as they have completed their Ihram احرام rites and come to stay at Mina منٰی ، they should dedicate their stay to the remembrance of Allah and leave out the practice of indulging in the reminiscences of their forefathers, specially the boastful claims about their achievements. Better still was to remember Allah, not them, and that too with greater attachment and fervor. There was nothing like being engaged in the dhikr ذکر of Allah. So, the Holy Qur an guides Muslims to shun the customs coming from the age of ignorance, especially in the great days of Hajj they have been blessed with, which are exclusively reserved for ` ibadah عبادہ and dhikr ذکر and have merits and blessings of their own, a gift from Allah which may not be available again if lost through carelessness.

In addition to that, the Hajj is a special act of worship which one gets to perform only after a long and generally exacting journey, separation from family and business and great expense of money and time. That unforeseen circumstances prevail is not a far-out prospect. It is quite possible that one fails to achieve the long-cherished objective of Hajj, in spite of all efforts and expenses. Now, if Allah Almighty has, in His infinite grace, removed all impediments and one has accomplished his Hajj obligation by successfully performing all required rites, then, the occasion calls for gratitude which further demands that one should keep busy in remembering Allah, avoid wasteful gatherings, engagements or conversations. Compared with the time spent by the people of Jahiliyyah in forefather tale-telling which brought them no benefit here, or there, the thing to do here is the dhikr of Allah which is all radiance and benefit for this world, and for the Hereafter. No doubt, contemporary Muslims do not follow the custom of Jahiliyyah any more by holding poetic recitals to eulogize their family trees, but there are thousands of Muslims from all over the world who still spend out these precious days of Hajj in wasteful gatherings, entertainments, amusements, shoppings and similar other pursuits of personal satisfaction. This verse is enough to warn them.

Some commentators have explained this verse by dwelling upon the analogy of 'father' used here, in some detail. They say that one should remember Allah as one remembered his father during his childhood when he was dependant on his father for everything. If man were to think when he is young, adult and rational, is he not far more dependent on Allah Almighty at all times and under all conditions, certainly much more than a child was on his father? As for the boastful claims about the honour of their fathers, something the people of Jdhiliyyah used to make, this verse eliminates that too by saying that real honour comes through the dhikr of Allah. (Ruh; at-Bayan)

Moderation in religious and worldly pursuits

Besides what the people of Jahiliyyah used to do during their stay at Mina, some of them had another habit during the Hajj. Normally, they would be engaged in acts of devotion to Allah, yet when it came to making a prayer, they would focus all their attention to praying for worldly needs, such as, comfort, wealth, honour and their likes, showing no concern for the life to come. It was to correct this sort of approach in supplication that it was said that there are people who would use the great occasion of Hajj to pray for the insignificant gains of the present life and forget the Hereafter. For such people the Hereafter holds nothing because their conduct shows that they have gone through the obligation of Hajj merely in a formal manner, or have done it to earn prestige in their society. To please Allah and to earn salvation in the Hereafter are objectives alien to them.

(And when ye have completed your devotions, then remember Allah as ye remember your fathers�) [2:200]. Said Mujahid: �During the season of pilgrimage, in the pre-Islamic era, people remembered their fathers, events and lineages and, then, boasted about them to each other. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed (And when ye have completed your devotions, then remember Allah as ye remember your fathers�)�. Al-Hasan said: �Upon relating something or speaking, the Bedouins used to say: �By your father, they verily did this and that�, and so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse�.