91:15 Ash-Shams (The Sun)

{ وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَاهَا } أي: تبعتها.وكيف يخاف من هو قاهر، لا يخرج عن قهره وتصرفه مخلوق، الحكيم في كل ما قضاه وشرعه؟تمت ولله الحمد

قوله تعالى "ولا يخاف" وقرئ فلا يخاف "عقباها" قال ابن عباس لا يخاف الله من أحد تبعة وكذا قال مجاهد. والحسن وبكر بن عبدالله المزني وغيرهم وقل الضحاك والسدي ولا يخاف عقباها أي لم يخف الذي عقرها عاقبة ما صنع والقول الأول أولى لدلالة السياق عليه والله أعلم. آخر تفسير سورة الشمس وضحاها ولله الحمد والمنة.

The Rejection of Thamud and Allah's Destruction of Them

Allah informs that Thamud rejected their Messenger because of the injustice and transgression they practiced. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah and others. Therefore, this resulted in a rejection in their hearts for the guidance and conviction their Messenger came to them with.

إِذِ انبَعَثَ أَشْقَـهَا

(When their most wicked went forth.) meaning, the most wicked person of the tribe, and he was Qudar bin Salif, the one who killed the she-camel. He was leader of the tribe of Thamud, and he is the one whom Allah refers to in His saying,

فَنَادَوْاْ صَـحِبَهُمْ فَتَعَاطَى فَعَقَرَ

(But they called their comrade and he took (a sword) and killed (her).) (54:29) This man was mighty and respected among his people. He was of noble lineage and a leader who was obeyed. This is just as Imam Ahmad recorded from `Abdullah bin Zam`ah. He said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave a sermon in which he mentioned the she-camel and he mentioned the man who killed her. Then he said,

«إِذِ انبَعَثَ أَشْقَـهَا

انْبَعَثَ لَهَا رَجُلٌ عَارِمٌ عَزِيزٌ مَنِيعٌ فَي رَهْطِهِ مِثْلُ أَبِي زَمْعَة»

((When their most wicked went forth.)( A strong and mighty man who was invincible among his tribe, like Abu Zam`ah, went forth to her.) This Hadith was recorded by Al-Bukhari in his Book of Tafsir, and Muslim in his Book of the Description of the Hellfire. At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i both recorded it in their Sunans in their Books of Tafsir.

The Story of Salih's She-Camel

Allah then says,

فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ

(But the Messenger of Allah said to them) referring to Salih.

نَاقَةُ اللَّهِ

(That is the she-camel of Allah!) meaning, `beware of touching the she-camel of Allah with any harm.'

وَسُقْيَـهَا

(and its drink!) meaning, `do not transgress against her in her drinking, for she has been allocated a day to drink and you have been allocated a day to drink, as is known to you.' Then Allah says,

فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا

(Then they denied him and they killed it.) which means they rejected what he came with. This resulted in them killing the she-camel that Allah had brought out of the rock as a sign for them and a proof against them.

فَدَمْدمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنبِهِمْ

(So their Lord destroyed them because of their sin,) meaning, He became angry with them and He annihilated them.

فَسَوَّاهَا

(Fasawwaha!) meaning, He made the punishment descend upon them all equally. Qatadah said, "It has reached us that the leader of tribe of Thamud did not kill the she-camel until their youth, their elderly, their males and their females all pledged allegiance to him. So when the people cooperated in killing her, Allah destroyed them all with the same punishment due to their sin." Allah said,

وَلاَ يَخَافُ

(And He feared not) it has also been recited as (فَلَا يَخَافُ) (So He feared not)

عُقْبَـهَا

(the consequences thereof.) Ibn `Abbas said, "Allah does not fear any consequences from anyone else." Mujahid, Al-Hasan, Bakr bin `Abdullah Al-Muzani and others all said the same. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ash-Shams, and all praise and thanks are due to Allah.

And He does not read wa-lā or fa-lā fear the consequence of it.

فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَ‌بُّهُم بِذَنبِهِمْ فَسَوَّاهَا (... so their Lord sent eradicating torment upon them, and made it equal for all. And He has no fear of its consequence....91:14). The word damdama refers to such tormenting scourge as is unleashed on a person or a nation again and again, until it destroys or crushes them completely. Fa-sawwaha signifies that the scourge overtook the entire nation, men, women, children, and young and old.

In conclusion, the verse says: وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَاهَا 'Allah has no fear of its consequence'. It means that Divine torment that destroys a nation completely cannot be compared to the torment inflicted by the greatest king of this world, because a tyrant king who destroys his people on a large scale, fears for his life, lest the survivors or the supporters of the people destroyed should revenge on him and rebel against him. Whoever destroys others is himself in danger of avenge. Those who attack others must necessarily bear the brunt of counter-attack except Allah. When a people incur Divine punishment and are thus destroyed, Allah has no fear from any one.

Al-hamdulillah

The Commentary on

Surah Ash-Shams

Ends here