9:124 At-Tawba (The Repentance)

يقول تعالى‏:‏ مبينا حال المنافقين، وحال المؤمنين عند نزول القرآن، وتفاوت ما بين الفريقين، فقال‏:‏ ‏{‏وَإِذَا مَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ‏}‏ فيها الأمر، والنهي، والخبر عن نفسه الكريمة، وعن الأمور الغائبة، والحث على الجهاد‏.‏ ‏{‏فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ أَيُّكُمْ زَادَتْهُ هَذِهِ إِيمَانًا‏}‏ أي‏:‏ حصل الاستفهام، لمن حصل له الإيمان بها من الطائفتين‏.‏ قال تعالى ـ مبينا الحال الواقعة ـ ‏:‏ ‏{‏فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَزَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًا‏}‏ بالعلم بها، وفهمها، واعتقادها، والعمل بها، والرغبة في فعل الخير، والانكفاف عن فعل الشر‏.‏ ‏{‏وَهُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ‏}‏ أي‏:‏ يبشر بعضهم بعضا بما من اللّه عليهم من آياته، والتوفيق لفهمها والعمل بها‏.‏ وهذا دال على انشراح صدورهم لآيات اللّه، وطمأنينة قلوبهم، وسرعة انقيادهم لما تحثهم عليه‏.‏

يقول تعالى " وإذا ما أنزلت سورة " فمن المنافقين " من يقول أيكم زادته هذة إيمانا " أي يقول بعضهم لبعض أيكم زادته هذه السورة إيمانا قال الله تعالى " فأما الذين آمنوا فزادتهم إيمانا وهم يستبشرون " وهذه الآية من أكبر الدلائل على أن الإيمان يزيد وينقص كما هو مذهب أكثر السلف والخلف من أئمة العلماء. بل قد حكى غير واحد الإجماع على ذلك.

Faith of the Believers increases, while Hypocrites increase in Doubts and Suspicion

Allah said,

وَإِذَا مَآ أُنزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ

(And whenever there comes down a Surah), then among the hypocrites are,

مَّن يَقُولُ أَيُّكُمْ زَادَتْهُ هَـذِهِ إِيمَـناً

(some who say: "Which of you has had his faith increased by it") They say to each other, who among you had his faith increased by this Surah from the Qur'an Allah the Exalted said,

فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ ءامَنُواْ فَزَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَـناً وَهُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ

(As for those who believe, it has increased their faith, and they rejoice.) This Ayah is one of the mightiest evidences that faith increases and decreases, as is the belief of most of the Salaf and later generations of scholars and Imams. Many scholars said that there is a consensus on this ruling. We explained this subject in detail in the beginning of the explanation of Sahih Al-Bukhari, may Allah grant him His mercy. rAllah said next,

وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ فَزَادَتْهُمْ رِجْسًا إِلَى رِجْسِهِمْ

(But as for those in whose hearts is a disease, it will add Rijs to their Rijs.) the Surah increases them in doubt, and brings more suspicion on top of the doubts and suspicion that they had before. Allah said in another Ayah,

وَنُنَزِّلُ مِنَ الْقُرْءَانِ مَا هُوَ شِفَآءٌ

(And We send down in the Qur'an that which is a healing) 17:82, and,

قُلْ هُوَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ هُدًى وَشِفَآءٌ وَالَّذِينَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ فِى ءَاذَانِهِمْ وَقْرٌ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَمًى أُوْلَـئِكَ يُنَادَوْنَ مِن مَّكَانٍ بَعِيدٍ

(Say: "It is for those who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for those who disbelieve, there is heaviness (deafness) in their ears, and it (the Qur'an) is blindness for them. They are those who are called from a place far away (so they neither listen nor understand)".)41:44 This indicates the misery of the hypocrites and disbelievers, since, what should bring guidance to their hearts is instead a cause of misguidance and destruction for them. Similarly, those who get upset by a type of food, for instance, will be upset and anxious even more if they are fed that food!

And whenever a sūra of the Qur’ān is revealed there are some of them that is the hypocrites who say to their companions mockingly ‘Which of you has this increased in faith?’ and God says As for those who believe it has increased them in faith because they accept that it is true and they rejoice because of it.

Commentary

Previous verses carried inducement to Jihad. The first verse from the present ones (123) which opens with the words: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَاتِلُوا ( O those who believe, fight those disbelievers who are near you) gives details, for disbelievers are spread out all over the world and any confrontation with them has to have some sort of functional sequence. The verse says that Jihad should first be waged against those of the disbelievers who were near. ` Being near' could be taken in terms of the place, that is, the disbelievers who live closer to home base should be fought against first. And it could also be understood in terms of relationship, that is, those who are near in kinship, parentage and other social bonds should be given precedence. This is because Islamic Jihad is essentially carried out in their interest and for their well being, therefore, when it comes to care and concern, kinsfolk have precedence - similar to the command given to the Holy Prophet ﷺ : وَأَنذِرْ‌ عَشِيرَ‌تَكَ الْأَقْرَ‌بِينَ ﴿214﴾ (And warn your near relatives against the punishment of Allah - 26:214). He carried out the command by assembling people from his family and conveyed to them the Word of Allah as revealed to him. The circle then became larger. Keeping the same principle of near and far, confronted first, as compared to others, were disbelievers who lived in the vicinity of Madinah, such as Banu Qurayzah, Banu Nadir and the people of Khaibar. After that came the fight against the rest within the Arabian Peninsula. And after things were settled there, came the last command to fight the disbelievers of Byzantium that resulted in the expedition of Tabuk.

In the second sentence of verse 123: وَلْيَجِدُوا فِيكُمْ غِلْظَةً (and let them find severity in you), the word: (ghilzah) غِلْظَةً means severity or toughness. The sense is that the disbelievers must be confronted in a manner that would not allow them to take their adversary to be weak.

The sentence: فَزَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًا (they have been increased in faith by it) in verse 124 tells us that the reciting the verses of the Qur'an, pondering over them, and acting in accordance with their dictates makes one advance in faith. One feels changes for the better, the higher. When 'Iman increases, so does its light and sweetness. Once in this blissful state, one starts seeing obedience to Allah and His Rasul as easy. ` Ibadah becomes inviting. One can feel the very taste of it. Sins pose no problems, for one starts hating sins by his own nature. They tempt no more. In fact, they irritate and vex.

Sayyidna ` Ali ؓ has said, ` when 'Iman enters the heart, it is like a radiant dot. As 'Iman increases, its radiance increases, until the whole heart becomes blissfully radiant. Similarly, disbelief and hypocrisy start appearing on the heart first as a black dot. Then, with every increase in sin and disbelief, the dot keeps increasing in size until the whole heart turns black.' (Mazhari). For this reason, the noble Companions of the Holy Prophet ﷺ used to tell each other, ` let us sit together for a while and remind each other of things relating to our din دِین and 'akhirah so that it increases our 'Iman.'