8:74 Al-Anfaal (The Spoils of War)

تفسير الآيتين 74 و75 :ـ الآيات السابقات في ذكر عقد الموالاة بين المؤمنين من المهاجرين والأنصار‏.‏ وهذه الآيات في بيان مدحهم وثوابهم، فقال‏:‏ ‏{‏وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ آوَوْا وَنَصَرُوا أُولَئِكَ‏}‏ أي‏:‏ المؤمنون من المهاجرين والأنصار ‏{‏هُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ حَقًّا‏}‏ لأنهم صدقوا إيمانهم بما قاموا به من الهجرة والنصرة والموالاة بعضهم لبعض، وجهادهم لأعدائهم من الكفار والمنافقين‏.‏ ‏{‏لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ‏}‏ من اللّه تمحى بها سيئاتهم، وتضمحل بها زلاتهم، ‏{‏و‏}‏ لهم ‏{‏رِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ‏}‏ أي‏:‏ خير كثير من الرب الكريم في جنات النعيم‏.‏ وربما حصل لهم من الثواب المعجل ما تقر به أعينهم، وتطمئن به قلوبهم ، وكذلك من جاء بعد هؤلاء المهاجرين والأنصار، ممن اتبعهم بإحسان فآمن وهاجر وجاهد في سبيل اللّه‏.‏ ‏{‏فَأُولَئِكَ مِنْكُمْ‏}‏ لهم ما لكم وعليهم ما عليكم فهذه الموالاة الإيمانية ـ وقد كانت في أول الإسلام ـ لها وقع كبير وشأن عظيم، حتى إن النبي ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ آخى بين المهاجرين والأنصارأخوة خاصة، غير الأخوة الإيمانية العامة، وحتى كانوا يتوارثون بها، فأنزل اللّه ‏{‏وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ‏}‏ فلا يرثه إلا أقاربه من العصبات وأصحاب الفروض،فإن لم يكونوا، فأقرب قراباته من ذوي الأرحام، كما دل عليه عموم هذه الآية الكريمة، وقوله‏:‏ ‏{‏فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ‏}‏ أي‏:‏ في حكمه وشرعه‏.‏ ‏{‏إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ‏}‏ ومنه ما يعلمه من أحوالكم التي يجري من شرائعه الدينية عليكم ما يناسبها‏.‏

لما ذكر تعالى حكم المؤمنين في الدنيا عطف بذكر مالهم في الآخرة فأخبر عنهم بحقيقة الإيمان كما تقدم في أول السورة وأنه سبحانه سيجازيهم بالمغفرة والصفح عن الذنوب إن كانت وبالرزق الكريم وهو الحسن الكثير الطيب الشريف دائم مستمر أبدا لا ينقطع ولا ينقضي ولا يسأم ولا يمل لحسنه وتنوعه. ثم ذكر أن الأتباع لهم في الدنيا على ما كانوا عليه من الإيمان والعمل الصالح فهم معهم في الآخرة كما قال "والسابقون الأولون" الآية وقال "والذين جاءوا من بعدهم" الآية. وفي الحديث المتفق عليه بل المتواتر من طرق صحيحة عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال "المرء مع من أحب" وفي الحديث الآخر "من أحب قوما فهو منهم" وفي رواية"حشر معهم". وقال الإمام أحمد: حدثنا وكيع عن شريك عن عاصم عن أبي وائل عن جرير قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "المهاجرون والأنصار بعضهم أولياء لبعض والطلقاء من قريش والعتقاء من ثقيف بعضهم أولياء بعض إلى يوم القيامة" قال شريك فحدثنا الأعمش عن تميم بن سلمة عن عبدالرحمن بن هلال عن جرير عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم مثله تفرد به أحمد من هذين الوجهين.

Believers in Truth

After Allah affirmed the ruling of loyalty and protection between the believers in this life, He then mentioned their destination in the Hereafter. Allah also affirmed the faith of the believers, just as mentioned in the beginning of this Surah, and that He will reward them with forgiveness and by erasing their sins, if they have any. He also promised them honorable provisions that are abundant, pure, everlasting and eternal; provisions that never end or run out, nor will they ever cause boredom, for they are delightful and come in great varieties. Allah then mentioned that those who follow the path of the believers in faith and performing good deeds, will be with them in the Hereafter. Just as Allah said,

وَالسَّـبِقُونَ الاٌّوَّلُونَ

(And the foremost to embrace Islam...) 9:100, until the end of the Ayah. He also said,

وَالَّذِينَ جَآءُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ

(And those who came after them ...) 59:10.

A Hadith that is in the Two Sahihs, which is Mutawatir and has several authentic chains of narrations, mentions that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«الْمَرْءُ مَعَ مَنْ أَحَب»

(One will be in the company of those whom he loves.) Another Hadith states,

«مَنْ أَحَبَّ قَوْمًا فَهُوَ مِنْهُم»

(He who loves a people is one of them), and in another narration, he said,

«حُشِرَ مَعَهُم»

(...will be gathered with them (on the Day of Resurrection).)

Inheritance is for Designated Degrees of Relatives

Allah said,

وَأُوْلُواْ الأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَـبِ اللَّهِ

(But kindred by blood are nearer to one another (regarding inheritance) in the decree ordained by Allah), meaning, in Allah's decision. This Ayah encompasses all relatives, not only the degrees of relative who do not have a fixed, designated share in the inheritance, as some people claim and use this Ayah to argue. According to Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and several others, this Ayah abrogated inheriting from those with whom one had ties of treaties or brotherhood, as was the case in the beginning of Islam. So it applies to all relatives, and as for those who do not inherit, then this is supported by the Hadith,

«إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقَ حَقَّهُ فَلَا وَصِيَّةٍ لِوَارِث»

(Indeed Allah had alloted every right to the one who deserves it, so there may be no will for an heir.)

Therefore, this Ayah also includes those who have a fixed share of inheritance. Allah knows best.

This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Anfal, all praise and thanks are for Allah, in Him we trust, and He is sufficient for us, what an excellent supporter He is.

And those who believed and emigrated and strove for the way of God and those who provided refuge and assisted — those are the true believers and for them is forgiveness and a generous provision in Paradise.

Mentioned in the third verse (74) are words of praise for the Sahabah who emigrated from Makkah and for the Ansar of Madinah who helped them, as well as the attestation to their being true Muslims and the promise of forgiveness and respectable provision made to them. When it was said: أُولَـٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ حَقًّا (those are the believers in truth), the hint given was in the direction that those who did not migrate were though Muslims, but their Islam was neither perfect, nor certain - because there existed the probability that they may really be hypocrites professing Islam only outwardly. After that, it was said: لَّهُم مَّغْفِرَ‌ةٌ (For them there is forgiveness) - as it has been explained in sound (Sahih) Ahadith: اَلاِسلَامُ یَھدِمُ مَا کَانَ قَبلَہ (Islam demolishes what was before it) and: والھِجرَۃُ تَھدِمُ مَا کَانَ قَبلَھَا (Hijrah razes what was before it). In short, this means that the act of becoming a Muslim goes on to demolish the entire edifice of past sins. Similarly, the making of Hijrah razes all past sins.

Those-they are the faithful in truth. Theirs is forgiveness and a generous provision. Their created nature is this: Those-they are the faithful in truth. Their reward is this: Theirs is forgiveness and a generous provision. The generous provision is that the sun of union shines forth from the east. It shines, and all of their hopes become hard cash, their increase becomes infinite, the story of water and clay is concealed, and the beginningless Friend is seen face-to-face. Both eyes and heart see through the Friend. When the light of self-disclosure appears in someone's heart, it's no great wonder that like Moses he finds comfort in the mountain.