8:64 Al-Anfaal (The Spoils of War)

ثم قال تعالى‏:‏ ‏{‏يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ حَسْبُكَ اللَّهُ‏}‏ أي‏:‏ كافيك ‏{‏وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ‏}‏ أي‏:‏ وكافي أتباعك من المؤمنين،‏.‏وهذا وعد من اللّه لعباده المؤمنين المتبعين لرسوله، بالكفاية والنصرة على الأعداء‏.‏ فإذا أتوا بالسبب الذي هو الإيمان والاتباع، فلابد أن يكفيهم ما أهمهم من أمور الدين والدنيا، وإنما تتخلف الكفاية بتخلف شرطها‏.

يحرض تعالى نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم والمؤمنين على القتال ومناجزة الأعداء ومبارزة الأقران ويخبرهم أنه حسبهم أي كافيهم وناصرهم ومؤيدهم على عدوهم وإن كثرت أعدادهم وترادفت أمدادهم ولو قل عدد المؤمنين. قال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أحمد بن عثمان بن حكيم حدثنا عبيد الله بن موسى أنبأنا سفيان عن ابن شوذب عن الشعبي في قوله "يا أيها النبي حسبك الله ومن اتبعك من المؤمنين" قال حسبك الله وحسب من شهد معك قال وروي عن عطاء الخراساني وعبدالرحمن بن زيد مثله.

Encouraging Believers to fight in Jihad; the Good News that a Few Muslims can overcome a Superior Enemy Force

Allah encourages His Prophet and the believers to fight and struggle against the enemy, and wage war against their forces. Allah affirms that He will suffice, aid, support, and help the believers against their enemies, even if their enemies are numerous and have sufficient supplies, while the believers are few. Allah said,

يَـأَيُّهَا النَّبِىُّ حَرِّضِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ

(O Prophet! Urge the believers to fight), encouraged and called them to fight. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to encourage the Companions to fight when they faced the enemy. On the day of Badr when the idolators came with their forces and supplies, he said to his Companions,

«قُومُوا إِلَى جَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا السَّمَوَاتُ وَالْأَرْض»

(Get ready and march forth towards a Paradise as wide as the heavens and earth.)

`Umayr bin Al-Humam said, "As wide as the heavens and earth" The Messenger ﷺ said,

«نَعَم»

(Yes) `Umayr said, "Excellent! Excellent!" The Messenger ﷺ asked him,

«مَا يَحْمِلُكَ عَلَى قَوْلِكَ: بَخٍ بَخ»

(What makes you say, `Excellent! Excellent!') He said, "The hope that I might be one of its dwellers." The Prophet said,

«فَإِنَّكَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا»

(You are one of its people.) Umayr went ahead, broke the scabbard of his sword, took some dates and started eating from them. He then threw the dates from his hand, saying, "Verily, if I lived until I finished eating these dates, then it is indeed a long life." He went ahead, fought and was killed, may Allah be pleased with him.

Allah said next, commanding the believers and conveying good news to them,

إِن يَكُن مِّنكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صَـبِرُونَ يَغْلِبُواْ مِاْئَتَيْنِ وَإِن يَكُنْ مُّنكُمْ مِّاْئَةٌ يَغْلِبُواْ أَلْفًا مِّنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ

(If there are twenty steadfast persons among you, they will overcome two hundred, and if there be a hundred steadfast persons, they will overcome a thousand of those who disbelieve.)

The Ayah says, one Muslim should endure ten disbelievers. Allah abrogated this part later on, but the good news remained. `Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak said that Jarir bin Hazim narrated to them that, Az-Zubayr bin Al-Khirrit narrated to him, from `Ikrimah, from Ibn `Abbas, "When this verse was revealed,

إِن يَكُن مِّنكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صَـبِرُونَ يَغْلِبُواْ مِاْئَتَيْنِ

(If there are twenty steadfast persons among you, they will overcome two hundred...) it became difficult for the Muslims, when Allah commanded that one Muslim is required to endure ten idolators. Soon after, this matter was made easy,

الَـنَ خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَنكُمْ

(Now Allah has lightened your (task)), until,

يَغْلِبُواْ مِاْئَتَيْنِ

(they shall overcome two hundred. ..)

Allah lowered the number of adversaries that Muslims are required to endure, and thus, made the required patience less, compatible to the decrease in numbers." Al-Bukhari recorded a similar narration from Ibn Al-Mubarak. Muhammad bin Ishaq recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "When this Ayah was revealed, it was difficult for the Muslims, for they thought it was burdensome since twenty should fight two hundred, and a hundred against a thousand. Allah made this ruling easy for them and abrogated this Ayah with another Ayah,

الَـنَ خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَنكُمْ وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ ضَعْفاً

(Now Allah has lightened your (task), for He knows that there is weakness in you...)

Thereafter, if Muslims were half as many as their enemy, they were not allowed to run away from them. If the Muslims were fewer than that, they were not obligated to fight the disbelievers and thus allowed to avoid hostilities."

O Prophet God suffices you and the believers who follow you suffice you.

In the second verse (64) as well, by stating the same subject briefly, the Holy Prophet ﷺ has been comforted by telling him that sufficient for him is Allah Ta` ala in the real sense, and the group of believers in the physical sense. So, he should have no fear of an enemy, no matter how big, strong, numerous or well-equipped. Commentators have said that this verse was revealed before actual fighting started in the battle of Badr so that Muslims, small in numbers and virtually unequipped, would not be overawed by the heavy numerical and technical superiority of their adversary.

(O Prophet! Allah is Sufficient for thee and those who follow thee of the believers) [8:64]. Abu Bakr ibn al-Harith informed us> Abu'l-Shaykh al-Hafiz> Ahmad ibn 'Amr ibn 'Abd al-Khaliq> Safwan ibn al-Mughlis> Ishaq ibn Bishr> Khalaf ibn Khalifah>> Anas ibn Hashim al-Rummani> Sa'id ibn Jubayr> Ibn 'Abbas who said: �First, there were thirty-nine people who had embraced Islam and then 'Umar embraced Islam and they became forty. Gabriel, peace be upon him, brought down the words of Allah, exalted is He: (O Prophet! Allah is Sufficient for thee and those who follow thee of the believers)�.