إِنَّ لَكَ فِي ٱلنَّهَارِ سَبۡحࣰ ا طَوِيلࣰ ا
True, there is for thee by day prolonged occupation with ordinary duties
Lo! thou hast by day a chain of business
Verily, for you in the day is lengthy Sabh
اختر تفسيراً لعرض النصّ الكامل. كل التفاسير مُخدَّمة من خوادمنا — لا يتّصل متصفّحك بأي طرف ثالث.
إن لك في النهار تصرفًا وتقلبًا في مصالحك، واشتغالا واسعًا بأمور الرسالة، ففرِّغْ نفسك ليلا لعبادة ربك.
المصدر: King Fahd Complex via spa5k/tafsir_api · المرجع
{ إِنَّ لَكَ فِي اَلنَّهَارِ سَبْحًا طَوِيلًا } أي: ترددا على حوائجك ومعاشك، يوجب اشتغال القلب وعدم تفرغه التفرغ التام.
المصدر: Saadi via spa5k/tafsir_api · المرجع
قال ابن عباس وعكرمة وعطاء بن أبي مسلم الفراغ والنوم وقال أبو العالية ومجاهد وأبن مالك والضحاك والحسن وقتادة والربيع بن أنس وسفيان الثوري فراغا طويلا وقال قتادة فراغا وبغية ومتقلبا وقال السدي "سبحا طويلا" تطوعا كثيرا وقال عبدالرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم في قوله تعالى "إن لك في النهار سبحا طويلا" قال لحوائجك فأفرغ لدينك الليل قال وهذا حين كانت صلاة الليل فريضة ثم إن الله تبارك وتعالى من على عباده فخففها ووضعها وقرأ "قم الليل إلا قليلا" إلى آخر الآية ثم قال "إن ربك يعلم أنك تقوم أدنى من ثلثي الليل ونصفه - حتى بلغ - فاقرءوا ما تيسر منه" وقال تعالى "ومن الليل فتهجد به نافلة لك عسى أن يبعثك ربى مقاما محمودا" وهذا الذي قاله كما قاله والدليل عليه ما رواه الإمام أحمد في مسنده حيث قال حدثنا يحيى حدثنا سعيد هو ابن أبي عروبه عن قتادة عن زرارة بن أوفى عن سعيد بن هشام أنه طلق امرأته ثم ارتحل الى المدينة ليبيع عقارا له بها ويجعله في الكراع والسلاح ثم يجاهد الروم حتى يموت فلقي رهطا من قومه فحدثوه أن رهطا من قومه ستة أرادوا ذلك على عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال "أليس لكم في أسوة حسنة؟" فنهاهم عن ذلك فأشهدهم على رجعتها ثم رجع إلينا فأخبرنا أنه أتى ابن عباس فسأله عن الوتر فقال ألا أنبئك بأعلم أهل الأرض بوتر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ قال نعم قال أئت عائشة فسلها ثم ارجع إلي فأخبرني بردها عليك قال فأتيت على حكيم بن أفلح فاستلحقته إليها فقال ما أنا بقاربها إني نهيتها أن تقول في هاتين الشيعتين شيئا فأبت فيهما إلا مضيا فأقسمت عليه فجاء معي فدخلنا عليها فقالت حكيم وعرفته قال نعم قالت من هذا معك؟ قال سعيد بن هشام قالت من هشام؟ قال ابن عامر قال فترحمت عليه وقالت نعم المرء كان عامر قلت يا أم المؤمنين أنبئيني عن خلق رسول صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ قالت ألست تقرأ القرآن قلت بلى قالت فإن خلق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان القرآن فهممت أن أقوم ثم بدا لى قيام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قلت يا أم المؤمنين أنبئيني عن قيام رسول الله قالت ألست تقرأ هذه السورة "يا أيها المزمل" قلت بلى قالت فإن الله افترض قيام الليل في أول هذه السورة فقام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه حولا حتى انتفخت أقدامهم وأمسك الله خاتمتها في السماء اثني عشر شهرا ثم أنزل الله التخفيف في آخر هذه السورة فصار قيام الليل تطوعا من بعد فريضة فهممت أن أقوم ثم بدا لي وتر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقلت يا أم المؤمنين أنبئيني عن وتر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قالت كنا نعد له سواكه وطهوره فيبعثه الله لما شاء أن يبعثه من الليل فيتسوك ثم يتوضأ ثم يصلي ركعات لا يجلس فيهن إلا عند الثامنة فيجلس ويذكر ربه تعالى ويدعو ثم ينهض وما يسلم ثم يقوم ليصلي التاسعة ثم يقعد فيذكر الله وحده ثم يدعوه ثم يسلم تسليما يسمعنا ثم يصلي ركعتين وهو جالس بعدما يسلم فتلك إحدى عشرة ركعة يا بني فلما أسن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأخذه اللحم أوتر بسبع ثم صلى ركعتين وهو جالس بعدما يسلم فتلك تسع يا بني وكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا صلى من النهار ثنتي عشرة ركعة ولا أعلم نبي الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قرأ القرآن كله في ليلة حتى أصبح ولا صام شهرا كاملا غير رمضان فأتيت ابن عباس فحدثته بحديثها فقال صدقت أما لو كنت أدخل عليها لأتيتها حتى تشافهني مشافهة هكذا رواه الإمام أحمد بتمامه وقد أخرجه مسلم في صحيحه من حديث قتادة بنحوه. "طريق أخرى عن عائشة في هذا المعنى" قال ابن جرير حدثنا ابن وكيع حدثنا زيد بن الحباب وحدثنا ابن حميد حدثنا مهران قالا جميعا واللفظ لابن وكيع عن موسى بن عبيدة حدثني محمد بن طحلاء عن أبي سلمة عن عائشة قالت: كنت أجعل لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حصيرا يصلى عليه من الليل فتسامع الناس به فاجتمعوا فخرج كالمغضب وكان بهم رحيما فخشي أن يكتب عليهم قيام الليل فقال "أيها الناس اكلفوا من الأعمال ما تطيقون فإن الله لا يمل من الثواب حتى تملوا من العمل وخير الأعمال ما ديم عليه" ونزل القرآن "يا أيها المزمل قم الليل إلا قليلا نصفه أو انقص منه قليلا أو زد عليه" حتى كان الرجل يربط الحبل ويتعلق فمكثوا بذلك ثمانية أشهر فرأى الله ما يبتغون من رضوانه فرحمهم فردهم إلى الفريضة وترك قيام الليل ورواه ابن أبي حاتم من طريق موسى بن عبيدة الربذي وهو ضعيف والحديث في الصحيح بدون زيادة نزول هذه السورة وهذا السياق قد يوهم أن نزول هذه السورة بالمدينة وليس كذلك وإنما هي مكية وقوله في هذا السياق إن بين نزول أولها وآخرها ثمانية أشهر غريب فقد تقدم في رواية أحمد أنه كان بينهما سنة وقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أبو سعيد الأشج حدثنا أبو أسامة عن مسعر عن سماك الحنفي سمعت ابن عباس يقول: أول ما نزل أول المزمل كانوا يقومون نحوا من قيامهم في شهر رمضان وكان بين أولها وآخرها قريب من سنة وهكذا رواه ابن جرير عن أبي كريب عن أبي أسامة به وقال الثوري ومحمد بن بشر العبدي كلاهما عن مسعر عن سماك عن ابن عباس كان بينهما سنة وروى ابن جرير عن أبي كريب عن وكيع عن إسرائيل عن سماك عن عكرمة عن ابن عاس مثله وقال ابن جرير حدثنا ابن حميد حدثنا مهران عن سفيان عن قيس بن وهب عن أبي عبدالرحمن قال لما نزلت "يا أيها المزمل" قاموا حولا حتى ورمت أقدامهم وسوقهم حتى نزلت "فاقرءوا ما تيسر منه" قال فاستراح الناس وكذا قال الحسن البصري والسدي. وقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أبو زرعة حدثنا عبيدالله بن عمر القواريري حدثنا معاذ بن هشام حدثنا أبي عن قتادة عن زرارة بن أوفى عن سعيد بن هشام قال: فقلت يعني لعائشة أخبرينا عن قيام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قالت ألست تقرأ "يا أيها المزمل" قلت بلى قالت فإنها كانت قيام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه حتى انتفخت أقدامهم وحبس آخرها في السماء ستة عشر شهرا ثم نزل وقال معمر عن قتادة "قم الليل إلا قليلا" قاموا حولا أو حولين حتى انتفخت سوقهم وأقدامهم فأنزل الله تخفيفها بعد في آخر السورة وقال ابن جرير حدثنا ابن حميد حدثنا يعقوب القمي عن جعفر عن سعيد هو ابن جبير قال: لما أنزل الله تعالى على نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم "يا أيها المزمل" قال مكث النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم على هذه الحال عشر سنين يقوم الليل كما أمره وكانت طائفة من أصحابه يقومون معه فأنزل الله تعالى عليه بعد عشر سنين "إن ربك يعلم أنك تقوم أدنى من ثلثي الليل ونصفه وثلثه وطائفة من الذين معك - إلى قوله تعالى - وأقيموا الصلاة" فخفف الله تعالى عنهم بعد عشر سنين ورواه ابن أبي حاتم عن أبيه عن عمرو بن رافع عن يعقوب القمي به وقال علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس في قوله تعالى "قم الليل إلا قليلا نصفه أو انقص منه قليلا" فشق ذلك على المؤمنين ثم خفف الله تعالى عنهم ورحمهم فأنزل بعد هذا "علم أن سيكون منكم مرضى وآخرون يضربون في الأرض يبتغون من فضل الله" إلى قوله تعالى "فاقرءوا ما تيسر منه" فوسع الله تعالى وله الحمد ولم يضيق.
المصدر: Ibn Kathir via spa5k/tafsir_api · المرجع
Which was revealed in Makkah
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
The Command to stand at Night (in Prayer)
Allah commands His Messenger to cease being wrapped up, and this means to be covered during the night. He commands him to get up and stand in prayer to His Lord. This is as Allah says,
تَتَجَافَى جُنُوبُهُمْ عَنِ الْمَضَاجِعِ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ خَوْفاً وَطَمَعاً وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَـهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ
(Their sides forsake their beds, to invoke their Lord in fear and hope, and they spend out of what We have bestowed on them.) (32:16) Thus, the Prophet did as Allah ordered him, by standing for prayer at night. This was obligatory upon him alone, as Allah said,
وَمِنَ الَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَّكَ عَسَى أَن يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَاماً مَّحْمُودًا
(And in some parts of the night offer the Salah with it (the Qur'an), as an additional prayer for you. It may be that your Lord will raise you to Maqam Mahmud.) (17:79) Here Allah explains how much prayer he should perform. Allah says,
يأَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ - قُمِ الَّيْلَ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً
(O you wrapped up! Stand all night, except a little.) Ibn `Abbas, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi all said,
يأَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ
(O you wrapped up!) "This means, O you who are asleep." Qatadah said, "The one who is wrapped up in his garments." Concerning Allah's statement,
نِّصْفَهُ
(Half of it) means, instead of the whole night.
أَوِ انقُصْ مِنْهُ قَلِيلاًأَوْ زِدْ عَلَيْهِ
(A little less than that, or a little more.) meaning, `We have commanded you to stand in prayer for half of the night, either a little more than it or a little less. There is no hardship on you concerning that (slight increase or decrease).
The Way of reciting the Qur'an
Concerning Allah's statement,
وَرَتِّلِ الْقُرْءَانَ تَرْتِيلاً
(And Rattil the Qur'an Tartil.) meaning, recite it slowly, for that will help in understanding the Qur'an and contemplating it. This is how the Prophet used to recite. `A'ishah said, "He (the Prophet) used to recite the chapter slowly, so much so that it would be longer than chapters that were actually longer than it." In Sahih Al-Bukhari, it is recorded from Anas that he was asked about the recitation of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , so he replied, "He used to elongate the letters." Then he (Anas) recited,
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.) (1:1) and he elongated "In the Name of Allah," and he elongated "The Most Gracious," and he elongated "The Most Merciful." Ibn Jurayj reported from Ibn Abi Mulaykah, who narrated from Umm Salamah that she was asked about the recitation of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , so she said, "He used to pause in his recitation, verse by verse.
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ - الْحَمْدُ للَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ - الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ - مَـلِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ
(In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. All praise is Allah's, the Lord of all that exists. The Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Only Owner of the Day of Recompense.) (1:1-4) This was recorded by Ahmad, Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi. We have already mentioned the Hadiths which prove the recommendation of slow rhythmic recitation and beautification of the voice while reciting at the beginning of this Tafsir. For example, the Hadith which states,
«زَيِّنُوا الْقُرْآنَ بِأَصْوَاتِكُم»
(Beautify the Qur'an with your voices.) and the Hadith,
«لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَتَغَنَّ بِالْقُرْآن»
(He is not of us who does not chant nicely with the recitation of the Qur'an.) and the Hadith,
«لَقَدْ أُوتِيَ هَذَا مِزْمَارًا مِنْ مَزَامِيرِ آلِ دَاوُد»
(Verily, he has been given this windpipe from the windpipes of the family of Dawud.) Referring to Abu Musa. Abu Musa replied, "If I knew that you had been listening to my recitation, I would have truly beautified it for you." It has been narrated from Ibn Mas`ud that he said, "Do not scatter the (recitation of) Qur'an out like the scattering of sand, and do not rush through it like the hasty recitation of poetry. Stop at its amazing parts and make your heart move with it. None of you should let his concern be to reach the end of the chapter." This has been recorded by Al-Baghawi. Al-Bukhari recorded from Abi Wa'il that he said, "A man came to Ibn Mas`ud and said, `I read the Mufassal chapters (from Qaf to An-Nas) last night in one unit of prayer.' Ibn Mas`ud said, `This is rushing like the haste of reciting poetry. the Most Merciful. The Only Owner of the Day of Recompense.) (1:1-4) This was recorded by Ahmad, Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi. We have already mentioned the Hadiths which prove the recommendation of slow rhythmic recitation and beautification of the voice while reciting at the beginning of this Tafsir. For example, the Hadith which states,
«زَيِّنُوا الْقُرْآنَ بِأَصْوَاتِكُم»
(Beautify the Qur'an with your voices.) and the Hadith,
«لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَتَغَنَّ بِالْقُرْآن»
(He is not of us who does not chant nicely with the recitation of the Qur'an.) and the Hadith,
«لَقَدْ أُوتِيَ هَذَا مِزْمَارًا مِنْ مَزَامِيرِ آلِ دَاوُد»
(Verily, he has been given this windpipe from the windpipes of the family of Dawud.) Referring to Abu Musa. Abu Musa replied, "If I knew that you had been listening to my recitation, I would have truly beautified it for you." It has been narrated from Ibn Mas`ud that he said, "Do not scatter the (recitation of) Qur'an out like the scattering of sand, and do not rush through it like the hasty recitation of poetry. Stop at its amazing parts and make your heart move with it. None of you should let his concern be to reach the end of the chapter." This has been recorded by Al-Baghawi. Al-Bukhari recorded from Abi Wa'il that he said, "A man came to Ibn Mas`ud and said, `I read the Mufassal chapters (from Qaf to An-Nas) last night in one unit of prayer.' Ibn Mas`ud said, `This is rushing like the haste of reciting poetry.
The Magnificence of the Qur'an
Allah then said,
إِنَّا سَنُلْقِى عَلَيْكَ قَوْلاً ثَقِيلاً
(Verily, We shall send down to you a Word Thaqil.) Al-Hasan and Qatadah both said, "The actions with it." It has also been said that it means it will be heavy at the time of its revelation due to its magnificence. This is similar to what Zayd bin Thabit said. He said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ received some revelation while his thigh was on top of my thigh, and my thigh was almost crushed due to it." Imam Ahmad recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr that he said, "I asked the Prophet , `O Messenger of Allah! Do you feel anything when revelation comes (to you)' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ replied,
«أَسْمَعُ صَلَاصِلَ ثُمَّ أَسْكُتُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَمَا مِنْ مَرَّةٍ يُوحَى إِلَيَّ إِلَّا ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ نَفْسِي تُقْبَض»
(I hear a ringing and then I remain quiet when that occurs. There has not been a single time that revelation has come to me except that I thought that my soul was about to be taken (death).)" Ahmad was alone in narrating this. In the beginning of Sahih Al-Bukhari, it is recorded from `A'ishah that Al-Harith bin Hisham asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, "How does the revelation come to you" The Prophet replied,
«أَحْيَانًا يَأْتِي فِي مِثْلِ صَلْصَلَةِ الْجَرَسِ وَهُوَ أَشَدُّهُ عَلَيَّ، فَيُفْصَمُ عَنِّي وَقَدْ وَعَيْتُ عَنْهُ مَا قَالَ، وَأَحْيَانًا يَتَمَثَّلُ لِي الْمَلَكُ رَجُلًا فَيُكَلِّمُنِي فَأَعِي مَا يَقُول»
(Sometimes it comes to me like the ringing of a bell, and it is most severe upon me. Then this state passes away from me after I have grasped what is inspired. Sometimes the angel comes to me in the form of a man and talks to me and I grasp whatever he says.) `A'ishah added, "Verily, I saw him receiving revelation and I noticed the sweat dropping from his forehead on a very cold day as the revelation ended." This is the wording recorded by Al-Bukhari. Imam Ahmad recorded from `A'ishah that she said, "If the Messenger of Allah ﷺ received any revelation while he was on his riding animal, it would begin moving its Jiran intensely." The Jiran is the bottom of the neck. Ibn Jarir chose the interpretation that it (the revelation) is heavy in both ways simultaneously. This is as `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "Just as it is heavy in this world, it will also be heavy on the Day of Judgement in the Scales."
The Virtue of standing at Night for Prayer
Allah says,
إِنَّ نَاشِئَةَ الَّيْلِ هِىَ أَشَدُّ وَطْأً وَأَقْوَمُ قِيلاً
(Verily, rising (Nashi'ah) at night is better for understanding and more suitable for speech (recitation).) `Umar, Ibn `Abbas and Ibn Zubayr, all said, "The entire night is Nashi'ah." Mujahid and others said the same. It is said "Nasha'a" when a person stands at night to pray. In one narration from Mujahid he said, "(It is) after `Isha' (prayer)." This was also said by Abu Mijlaz, Qatadah, Salim, Abu Hazim and Muhammad bin Al-Munkadir. The point is that Nashi'ah of the night refers to its hours and its times, every hour of it is called Nashi'ah, so it refers to the periods of time. The purpose of this is that standing at night (for prayer) is better for training the heart and the tongue, and more conducive to recitation. Thus, Allah says,
هِىَ أَشَدُّ وَطْأً وَأَقْوَمُ قِيلاً
(is better for understanding and more suitable for speech (recitation).) meaning, more comprehensive for the matter of performing the recitation and better for understanding it than in the recitation of the day. This is because the daytime is the time for people to disperse and move about, to raise voices and be lively. Al-Hafiz Abu Ya`la Al-Mawsili said, "Ibrahim bin Sa`id Al-Jawhari told us that Abu Usamah told us that Al-A`mash informed us that Anas bin Malik recited this Ayah as: (إِنَّ نَاشِئَةَ اللَّيْلِ هِيَ أَشَدُّ وَأَصْوَبُ قِيلًا) (`Verily, rising at night is better for understanding and more correct for the speech.') So a man said to him, `We recite it;
وَأَقْوَمُ قِيلاً
(more suitable for speech).' So Anas said to him, `Most correct (Aswab), most suitable (Aqwam), the best for preparation (Ahya') and similar words are all the same (in meaning)."' Thus, Allah continues saying,
إِنَّ لَكَ فِى النَّهَارِ سَبْحَاً طَوِيلاً
(Verily, for you in the day is lengthy Sabh.) Ibn `Abbas, `Ikrimah and "Ata' bin Abi Muslim, all said, "Leisure time and sleep." Abu Al-`Aliyah, Mujahid, Abu Malik, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Sufyan Ath-Thawri, all said, "A long amount of leisure time." Qatadah said, "Leisure, aspirations and activities." `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said concerning the statement,
إِنَّ لَكَ فِى النَّهَارِ سَبْحَاً طَوِيلاً
(Verily, for you in the day is lengthy Sabh.) "This means for your needs. Therefore, leave the night open for your religious devotion. Allah said this when the (voluntary) night prayer was obligatory. Then, Allah blessed His servants, lightened the matter and removed its obligation." Then he recited,
قُمِ الَّيْلَ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً
(Stand (to pray) all night, except a little.) to the end of the Ayah, then he recited,
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ تَقُومُ أَدْنَى مِن ثُلُثَىِ الَّيْلِ وَنِصْفَهُ
(Verily, your Lord knows that you do stand less than two- thirds of the night, or half of it.) (73:20) until he reached,
مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنْهُ وَأَقِيمُواْ
(So recite of it what is easy.) (73:20) and Allah says,
وَمِنَ الَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَّكَ عَسَى أَن يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَاماً مَّحْمُودًا
(And Tahajjud in some parts of the night (also offer the Salah with it), as an additional prayer for you. It may be that your Lord will raise you to Maqam Mahmud.) (17:79) In fact, this is as true as what he (`Abdur-Rahman) said, The proof for this view is what Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad, that Sa`id bin Hisham divorced his wife and then traveled to Al-Madinah in order to sell some property he had with her. He intended to use its money to buy an animal and a weapon and then go for Jihad against the Romans until he died. In the process of this he met a group of his people and they informed him that a group of six men from his people had intended that in the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, upon which he said,
«أَلَيْسَ لَكُمْ فِيَّ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ؟»
(Is there not for you all an excellent example in me) So he forbade them from that and made them testify that they would take their wives back. Then he (Sa`id) returned to us and informed us that he went to Ibn `Abbas and asked him about the Witr (prayer). Ibn `Abbas said, "Shall I not inform you of the person who is the most knowledgeable person on the earth about the Witr prayer of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ " He said, "Yes." Ibn `Abbas then said, "Go to `A'ishah and ask her, then return to me and inform me of what she tells you." He said, "Then I went to Hakim bin Aflah and requested him to go with me to her. But he said, `I do not want to be near her. Verily, I forbade her from saying anything concerning these two parties (the parties of `Ali and Mu`awiyah), but she refused and continued being involved with them (in their conflict).' So I adjured him by Allah, so he came with me and we entered upon her (in her house)." So she said, "Is this the Hakim that I know" He (Hakim) said, "Yes." Then she said, "Who is this that is with you" He said, "Sa`id bin Hisham." She said, "Who is Hisham" He said, "He is Ibn `Amir." She then asked Allah to have mercy upon him (`Amir). Then she said, "Yes, `Amir was a true man." Then I (Sa`id) said, "O Mother of the believers! Inform me about the character of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." She replied, "Have you not read the Qur'an" I said, "Of course." Then she said, "Verily, the character of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was the Qur'an." I was about to stand and leave, but then I remembered to ask about the night prayer of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. I said, "O Mother of the believers! Inform me about the night prayer of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." She said, "Have you not read the Surah,
يأَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ
(O you wrapped up.) I said, "Of course." She then said, "Verily, Allah made standing at night (for prayer) obligatory at the beginning of this Surah. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his Companions stood for an entire year during the night (in prayer) until their feet swelled. Allah held back the revelation of the end of this Surah for twelve months. Then, Allah revealed the lightening of this burden at the end of this Surah. Then, the standing for night prayer became voluntary after it used to be obligatory." I was about to leave when I remembered to ask her about the Witr prayer of the Messenger of Allah . So I said, "O Mother of the believers! Inform me about the Witr prayer of the Messenger of Allah ." She said, "We used to prepare his Siwak (toothstick) for him and his ablution water, and Allah would awaken him whenever He wished to awaken him during the night. Then, he would clean his teeth with the Siwak and perform ablution. Then, he would pray eight (Rak`ahs) units of prayer and he would not sit during them except at the end of the eighth one. At this point he would sit and remember his Lord the Most High, and supplicate to Him. Afterwards he would stand without saying the greeting of peace (Taslim). He would then pray a ninth unit of prayer and then sit. He would remember Allah Alone and then supplicate to Him (during this sitting). Then, he would say the greetings of peace (to conclude the prayer) making it audible to us. Then, he would pray two more units of prayer after this salutation of peace, while he would be sitting. So these are eleven units of prayer, O my son. Then, when he became older and heavier, he would perform Witr prayer with seven units of prayer, and then he would pray two extra units of prayer after them while sitting after the salutation of peace. So these are nine units of prayer, O my son. Whenever the Messenger of Allah used to pray a particular prayer, he liked to remain consistent in its performance. If he would ever be preoccupied from performing the night prayer by oversleeping, pain or illness, he would pray twelve units of supererogatory prayer during the day. I do not know of Allah's Prophet ever reciting the entire Qur'an in one night before morning nor did he fast an entire month other than the month of Ramadan." So I went to Ibn `Abbas and told him what she had said. Ibn `Abbas then said, "She has spoken truthfully and if I had went to her house I would have remained until she spoke directly to me and I could see her lips moving." This is how Imam Ahmad recorded this narration in its entirety. Muslim also recorded similarly in his Sahih. Ibn Jarir recorded from Abu `Abdur-Rahman that he said, "When the Ayah
يأَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ
(O you wrapped.) (73:1) was revealed, the people stood in night prayer for an entire year until their feet and shins swelled. This continued until Allah revealed,
مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنْهُ وَأَقِيمُواْ
(So recite of it what is easy.) (73:20) Then the people relaxed." Al-Hasan Al-Basri and As-Suddi both said the same. `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said concerning Allah's statement,
قُمِ الَّيْلَ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً - نِّصْفَهُ أَوِ انقُصْ مِنْهُ قَلِيلاً
(Stand (to pray) all night, except a little. Half of it or less than that, a little.) (73:2,3) "This became difficult on the believers. Then Allah lightened the matter for them and had mercy on them when He revealed after this,
أَن سَيَكُونُ مِنكُمْ مَّرْضَى وَءَاخَرُونَ يَضْرِبُونَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ يَبْتَغُونَ مِن فَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَءَاخَرُونَ
(He knows that there will be some among you sick, others traveling through the land, seeking of Allah's bounty.) until Allah says,
مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنْهُ وَأَقِيمُواْ
(So, recite you of the Qur'an as much as may be easy for you.) (73:20) So Allah made the matter easy - and unto Him is due all praise - and he did not make matters difficult." Then Allah says,
وَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ وَتَبَتَّلْ إِلَيْهِ تَبْتِيلاً
(And remember the Name of your Lord and (Tabattal) devote yourself to Him with complete devotion.) meaning, make much remembrance (Dhikr) of Him, devote yourself to Him and spend your time worshipping Him when you have completed your occupations and what you need from the affairs of your worldly matters. This is as Allah says,
فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ فَانصَبْ
(So when you have finished (your occupation), devote yourself for Allah's worship.) (94:7) meaning, when you have completed your tasks and occupations, then busy yourself in His obedience and His worship so that you will have free time for leisure. The meaning of this was said by Ibn Zayd, or close to its meaning. Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Abu Salih, `Atiyah, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi, all said,
وَتَبَتَّلْ إِلَيْهِ تَبْتِيلاً
(And (Tabattal) devote yourself to Him with complete devotion.) "This means, make your worship solely for Him alone." Al-Hasan said, "Strive and devote yourself to Him." Ibn Jarir said, "A devout worshipper is called Mutabattil. An example of this is the reported Hadith that he (the Prophet ) forbade At-Tabattul, which means total devotion to worship while avoiding getting married." Allah said,
رَّبُّ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ لاَ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ فَاتَّخِذْهُ وَكِيلاً
(Lord of the east and the west; La ilaha illa Huwa. So take Him a trustee.) meaning, He is the Owner and Controller of affairs in the eastern regions and the western regions. He is the One except whom there is no deity worthy of worship. Just as you single Him out for worship, you should also single Him out for reliance. Therefore, take Him as a guardian and trustee. This is as Allah says in another Ayah,
فَاعْبُدْهُ وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَيْهِ
(So worship Him and rely upon him.) (11:123) It is also similar to His statement,
إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ
(You (Alone) we worship, and you (Alone) we ask for help.) (1:5) The Ayat with this meaning are numerous. They contain the command to make worship and acts of obedience exclusively for Allah, and to rely solely upon Him.
المصدر: Ibn Kathir abridged via spa5k/tafsir_api · المرجع
For assuredly during the day you have extended engagements administering your affairs and you do not have the time to recite Qur’ān.
المصدر: Jalalayn (English) via spa5k/tafsir_api · المرجع
إِنَّ لَكَ فِي النَّهَارِ سَبْحًا طَوِيلًا (Surely, in daytime, you have a lengthy work to do... 73:7). The word sabhun, literally means, 'to flow, walk or move about' from which we also get the sense 'of swimming in the water' because when a swimmer swims in the water, he moves about in it freely without any obstruction. Here the word signifies 'long chain of engagements in the day' which refers to multifarious duties to be performed with alacrity, such as educating the people, preaching to them, reforming humanity, performing domestic chores, discharging social responsibilities and moving about to many other tasks and obligations.
The current verse explicates the third point of wisdom as to why night-prayer was enjoined. This relates both to the Holy Prophet ﷺ and the general body of the Muslim community. During the day the Holy Prophet ﷺ as well as other people have a long chain of engagements for which they disperse and move about as explained in the foregoing paragraph. As a result, it is difficult for them to concentrate on their worshipping activity. The night should be reserved for this purpose. A person should sleep according to his need and perform his night-prayer as well.
A Special Note
Jurists have said that the verse under comment confirms that scholars
المصدر: Maarif-ul-Quran via spa5k/tafsir_api · المرجع
النص العربي: مشروع تنزيل (tanzil.net) — صيغة عثماني حفص. الترجمات: Yusuf Ali وPickthall (ملك عام) وMubarakpuri (مجمع الملك فهد). للاطّلاع على تفاصيل مصادر التلاوة الصوتيّة ومنهجيّة معالجة البيانات، راجع سياسة الخصوصيّة .
