65:11 At-Talaaq (Divorce)

ثم ذكر عباده المؤمنين بما أنزل عليهم من كتابه، الذي أنزله على رسوله محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، ليخرج الخلق من ظلمات الكفر والجهل والمعصية، إلى نور العلم والإيمان والطاعة، فمن الناس، من آمن به، ومنهم من لم يؤمن [به]، { وَمَنْ يُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ وَيَعْمَلْ صَالِحًا } من الواجبات والمستحبات. { يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ } فيها من النعيم المقيم، ما لا عين رأت ولا أذن سمعت، ولا خطر على قلب بشر، { خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا قَدْ أَحْسَنَ اللَّهُ لَهُ رِزْقًا } [أي:] ومن لم يؤمن بالله ورسوله، فأولئك أصحاب النار، هم فيها خالدون.

وقوله تعالى "رسولا يتلوا عليكم آيات الله مبينات" قال بعضهم رسولا منصوب على أنه بدل اشتمال وملابسة لأن الرسول هو الذي بلغ الذكر. وقال ابن جرير: الصواب أن الرسول ترجمة عن الذكر يعني تفسير له ولهذا قال تعالى "رسولا يتلوا عليكم آيات الله مبينات" أي في حال كونها بينة واضحة جلية "ليخرج الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات من الظلمات إلى النور" كقوله تعالى "كتاب أنزلناه إليك لتخرج الناس من الظلمات إلى النور" وقال تعالى "الله ولي الذين آمنوا يخرجهم من الظلمات إلى النور" أي من ظلمات الكفر والجهل إلى نور الإيمان والعلم وقد سمى الله تعالى الوحي الذي أنزله نورا لما يحصل به من الهدى كما سماه روحا لما يحصل به من حياة القلوب فقال تعالى "وكذلك أوحينا إليك روحا من أمرنا ما كنت تدري ما الكتاب ولا الإيمان ولكن جعلناه نورا نهدي به من نشاء من عبادنا وإنك لتهدي إلى صراط مستقيم" وقوله تعالى "ومن يؤمن بالله ويعمل صالحا يدخله جنات تجري من تحتها الأنهار خالدين فيها أبدا قد أحسن الله له رزقا" قد تقدم تفسير مثل هذا غير مرة بما أغنى عن إعادته ههنا ولله الحمد والمنة.

Punishment for defying Allah's Commandments

Allah the Exalted threatens those who defy His commands, deny His Messengers and contradict His legislation, by informing them of the end that earlier nations met who did the same,

وَكَأِيِّن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ عَتَتْ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهَا وَرُسُلِهِ

(And many a town revolted against the command of its Lord and His Messengers;) meaning, they rebelled, rejected and arrogantly refused to obey Allah and they would not follow His Messengers,

فَحَاسَبْنَـهَا حِسَاباً شَدِيداً وَعَذَّبْنَـهَا عَذَاباً نُّكْراً

(and We called it to a severe account, and We shall punish it with a horrible torment.) meaning, horrendous and terrifying,

فَذَاقَتْ وَبَالَ أَمْرِهَا

(So it tasted the evil result of its affair,) meaning, they tasted the evil consequences of defiance and they regretted their actions when regret does not avail,

وَكَانَ عَـقِبَةُ أَمْرِهَا خُسْراًأَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ عَذَاباً شَدِيداً

(and the consequence of its affair was loss. And Allah has prepared for them a severe torment.) means, in the Hereafter, added to the torment that was sent down on them in this life. Allah the Exalted said, after mentioning what happened to the disbelieving nations,

فَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ يأُوْلِى الأَلْبَـبِ

(So have Taqwa of Allah, O men of understanding,) meaning, `O you who have sound understanding, do not be like them because if you do, you will suffer what they suffered, O people of comprehension,'

الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ

(who believe) meaning, in Allah and His Messengers,

قَدْ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ ذِكْراً

(Allah has indeed sent down to you a Reminder.) meaning, this Qur'an. Allah also said,

إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَـفِظُونَ

(Verily, We, it is We Who have sent down the Dhikr and surely, We will preserve it.) (15:9)

The Qualities of the Messenger

Allah's statement,

رَّسُولاً يَتْلُو عَلَيْكُمْ ءَايَـتِ اللَّهِ مُبَيِّنَـتٍ

(A Messenger, who recites to you the Ayat of Allah containing clear explanations,) Some said that the Messenger is the subject of what is being sent as a reminder because the Messenger is the one that conveys the Dhikr. Ibn Jarir said that what is correct is that the Messenger explains the Dhikr. This is why Allah the Exalted said here,

رَّسُولاً يَتْلُو عَلَيْكُمْ ءَايَـتِ اللَّهِ مُبَيِّنَـتٍ

(A Messenger, who recites to you the Ayat of Allah containing clear explanations,) meaning, plain and apparent. The statement of Allah;

لِّيُخْرِجَ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ مِنَ الظُّلُمَـتِ إِلَى النُّورِ

(that He may take out those who believe and do righteous good deeds, from the darkness to the light.) Allah's is like saying;

كِتَابٌ أَنزَلْنَـهُ إِلَيْكَ لِتُخْرِجَ النَّاسَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَـتِ إِلَى النُّورِ

(A Book which We have revealed unto you in order that you might lead mankind out of darkness) (14:1), and,

اللَّهُ وَلِيُّ الَّذِينَ ءامَنُواْ يُخْرِجُهُم مِّنَ الظُّلُمَـتِ إِلَى النُّورِ

(Allah is the Guardian of those who believe. He brings them out from darkness into light.) (2:257) meaning, out of the darkness of disbelief and ignorance into the light of faith and knowledge. Allah the Exalted called the revelation that He has sent down, light, on account of the guidance that it brings. Allah also called it Ruh, in that, it brings life to the hearts,

وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ وَلاَ الإِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن نَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا وَإِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِى إِلَى صِرَطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ

(And thus We have sent to you Ruh of our command. You knew not what is the book, nor what is faith But We have made it a light wherewith we guide whosoever of Our servants We will. And verily, you are indeed guiding to the straight path.) (42:52) Allah's statement,

وَمَن يُؤْمِن بِاللَّهِ وَيَعْمَلْ صَـلِحاً يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الاٌّنْهَـرُ خَـلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَداً قَدْ أَحْسَنَ اللَّهُ لَهُ رِزْقاً

(And whosoever believes in Allah and performs righteous good deeds, He will admit him into Gardens under which rivers flow, to dwell therein forever. Allah has indeed granted for him an excellent provision.) was explained several times before, and therefore, we do not need to repeat its explanation here. All the thanks and praises are due to Allah.

a messenger that is Muhammad (s) rasūlan is in the accusative because of an implied verb that is to say wa-arsala ‘and He sent you a messenger’ reciting to you the clear signs of God read mubayyanāt or mubayyināt as explained above that He may bring forth those who believe and perform righteous deeds after the arrival of the remembrance and the Messenger from darkness the disbelief to which they adhered to light the faith that was established in them after a life of disbelief. And those who believe in God and act righteously He will admit them a variant reading has the first person plural nudkhilhu ‘We will admit them’ into gardens underneath which rivers flow wherein they will abide forever. God has verily made a good provision for him namely the provision of Paradise the bliss of which never ends.

قَدْ أَنزَلَ اللَّـهُ إِلَيْكُمْ ذِكْرً‌ا رَّ‌سُولًا (Allah has sent down to you a Reminder, a messenger...65:10-11). The verb arsala 'sent' needs to be understood preceding the object rasulan 'a messenger' which appears at the commencement of verse [ 11]. The simplest way in which these verses can be interpreted is to translate them thus: 'Allah has sent down to you a Reminder, (the Qur'an and He has also sent to you) a messenger...65:11) Other commentators have preferred other interpretations. For instance some say that the word dhikr ('Reminder' ) refers to the Holy Prophet ﷺ himself, and the word 'messenger' is an explanatory complement to the word 'dhikr', because abundance of his remembering Allah made him a personified Remembrance of Allah. [ Ruh ] 1

[ 1] This explanation is based on the premise that 'dhikr' in this verse means 'Allah's remembrance'. However, it also means 'reminder'. Taken in this sense, the word 'messenger' in the verse can be easily interpreted as an explanatory complement to the word 'dhikr', because the Holy Prophet is a 'Reminder' to the entire mankind. Our translation in the text is based on this connotation. (Muhammad Taqi Usmani)