64:16 At-Taghaabun (Mutual Disillusion)

يأمر تعالى بتقواه، التي هي امتثال أوامره واجتناب نواهيه، ويقيد ذلك بالاستطاعة والقدرة.فهذه الآية، تدل على أن كل واجب عجز عنه العبد، أنه يسقط عنه، وأنه إذا قدر على بعض المأمور، وعجز عن بعضه، فإنه يأتي بما يقدر عليه، ويسقط عنه ما يعجز عنه، كما قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: \" إذا أمرتكم بأمر فأتوا منه ما استطعتم \". ويدخل تحت هذه القاعدة الشرعية من الفروع، ما لا يدخل تحت الحصر، وقوله: { وَاسْمَعُوا } أي: اسمعوا ما يعظكم الله به، وما يشرعه لكم من الأحكام، واعلموا ذلك وانقادوا له { وَأَطِيعُوا } الله ورسوله في جميع أموركم، { وَأَنْفِقُوا } من النفقات الشرعية الواجبة والمستحبة، يكن ذلك الفعل منكم خيرًا لكم في الدنيا والآخرة، فإن الخير كله في امتثال أوامر الله تعالى وقبول نصائحه، والانقياد لشرعه، والشر كله، في مخالفة ذلك.ولكن ثم آفة تمنع كثيرًا من الناس، من النفقة المأمور بها، وهو الشح المجبولة عليه أكثر النفوس، فإنها تشح بالمال، وتحب وجوده، وتكره خروجه من اليد غاية الكراهة.فمن وقاه الله شر شح نفسه بأن سمحت نفسه بالإنفاق النافع لها { فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ } لأنهم أدركوا المطلوب، ونجوا من المرهوب، بل لعل ذلك، شامل لكل ما أمر به العبد، ونهي عنه، فإنه إن كانت نفسه شحيحة. لا تنقاد لما أمرت به، ولا تخرج ما قبلها، لم يفلح، بل خسر الدنيا والآخرة، وإن كانت نفسه نفسًا سمحة، مطمئنة، منشرحة لشرع الله، طالبة لمرضاة، فإنها ليس بينها وبين فعل ما كلفت به إلا العلم به، ووصول معرفته إليها، والبصيرة بأنه مرض لله تعالى، وبذلك تفلح وتنجح وتفوز كل الفوز.

وقوله تعالى "فاتقوا الله ما استطعتم" أي جهدكم وطاقتكم كما ثبت في الصحيحين عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "إذا أمرتكم بأمر فائتوا منه ما استطعتم وما نهيتكم عنه فاجتنبوه" وقد قال بعض المفسرين كما رواه مالك عن زيد بن أسلم إن هذه الآية ناسخة للتي في آل عمران وهي قوله تعالى "يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله حق تقاته ولا تموتن إلا وأنتم مسلمون" قال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أبو زرعة حدثني يحيى بن عبدالله بن بكير حدثني ابن لهيعة حدثني عطاء هو ابن دينار عن سعيد بن جبير في قوله "اتقوا الله حق تقاته ولا تموتن إلا وأنتم مسلمون" قال لما نزلت هذه الآية اشتد على القوم العمل فقاموا حتى ورمت عراقيبهم وتقرحت جباههم فأنزل الله تعالى هذه الآية تخفيفا على المسلمين "فاتقوا الله ما استطعتم" فنسخت الآية الأولى وروي عن أبي العالية وزيد بن أسلم وقتادة والربيع بن أنس والسدي ومقاتل بن حيان نحو ذلك وقوله تعالى "واسمعوا وأطيعوا" أي كونوا منقادين لما يأمركم الله به ورسوله ولا تحيدوا عنه يمنة ولا يسرة ولا تقدموا بين يدي الله ورسوله ولا تتخلفوا عما به أمرتم. ولا تركبوا ما عنه زجرتم وقوله تعالى "وأنفقوا خيرا لأنفسكم" أي وابذلوا مما رزقكم الله على الأقارب والفقراء والمساكين وذوي الحاجات وأحسنوا إلى خلق الله كما أحسن الله إليكم يكن خيرا لكم في الدنيا والآخرة وإن لا تفعلوا يكن شرا لكم في الدنيا والآخرة وقوله تعالى "ومن يوق شح نفسه فأولئك هم المفلحون" تقدم تفسيره في سورة الحشر وذكر الأحاديث الواردة في معنى هذه الآية بما أغنى عن إعادته ههنا ولله الحمد والمنة.

Warning against the Fitnah of Spouses and Offspring

Allah states that some wives and children are enemies to their husbands and fathers, in that they might be busied with them rather than with performing the good deeds. Allah said in another Ayah,

يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تُلْهِكُمْ أَمْوَلُكُمْ وَلاَ أَوْلَـدُكُمْ عَن ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْخَـسِرُونَ

(O you who believe! Let not your properties or you children divert you from the remembrance of Allah. And whosoever does that then they are the losers.) (63:9) Allah the Exalted said here,

فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ

(therefore, beware of them!) for your religion, according to Ibn Zayd. Mujahid explained the Ayah ,

إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَجِكُمْ وَأَوْلـدِكُمْ عَدُوّاً لَّكُمْ

(Verily, among your wives and your children there are enemies for you;) by saying, "They might direct the man to sever his relation or disobey his Lord. The man, who loves his wives and children, might obey them in this case." Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn `Abbas said to a man who asked him about this Ayah,

يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَجِكُمْ وَأَوْلـدِكُمْ عَدُوّاً لَّكُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ

(O you who believe! Verily, among your wives and your children there are enemies for you; therefore beware of them!) "There were men who embraced Islam in Makkah and wanted to migrate to Allah's Messenger . However, their wives and children refused to allow them. Later when they joined Allah's Messenger ﷺ, they found that those who were with him (the Companions) have gained knowledge in the religion, so they were about to punish their wives and children. Allah the Exalted sent down this Ayah,

وَإِن تَعْفُواْ وَتَصْفَحُواْ وَتَغْفِرُواْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

(But if you pardon (them) and overlook, and forgive, then verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.)" At-Tirmidhi collected this Hadith and said that it is Hasan Sahih. Allah's statement,

إِنَّمَآ أَمْوَلُكُمْ وَأَوْلَـدُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ وَاللَّهُ عِنْدَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ

(Your wealth and your children are only a Fintah, whereas Allah! With Him is a great reward.) Allah said that the wealth and children are a test and trial from Allah the Exalted for His creatures, so that He knows those who obey Him and those who disobey Him. Allah's statement,

وَاللَّهُ عِنْدَهُ

(whereas Allah! With Him) meaning, on the Day of Resurrection,

أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ

(is a great reward.) As Allah said;

زُيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ حُبُّ الشَّهَوَتِ مِنَ النِّسَآءِ وَالْبَنِينَ وَالْقَنَـطِيرِ الْمُقَنطَرَةِ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ وَالْخَيْلِ الْمُسَوَّمَةِ وَالأَنْعَـمِ وَالْحَرْثِ ذَلِكَ مَتَـعُ الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا وَاللَّهُ عِندَهُ حُسْنُ الْمَأَبِ

(Beautified for men is the love of things they covet; women children, Qanatir Al-Muqantarah of gold and silver, branded beautiful horses, cattle and well-tilled land. This is the pleasure of the present world's life; but Allah has the excellent return with him.) (3:14), and the Ayah after it. Imam Ahmad recorded that Buraydah said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was giving a speech and Al-Hasan and Husayn came in wearing red shirts, walking and tripping. The Messenger descended from the Minbar, held them and placed them in front of them and said,

«صَدَقَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ، نَظَرْتُ إِلَى هَذَيْنِ الصَّبِيَّيْنِ يَمْشِيَانِ وَيَعْثُرَانِ، فَلَمْ أَصْبِرْ حَتْى قَطَعْتُ حَدِيثِي وَرَفَعْتُهُمَا»

(Allah and His Messenger said the truth,`Verily, your wealth and your children are a Fitnah.' I saw these two boys walking and tripping and could not be patient until I stopped my speech and picked them up.)" This was recorded by the Sunan compilers, and At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib."

The Order for Taqwa, as much as One is Capable

Allah said,

فَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ

(So have Taqwa of Allah as much as you can;) meaning, as much as you are able and can bear or endure. The Two Sahihs recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«إِذَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِأَمْرٍ فَائْتُوا مِنْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ، وَمَا نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْهُ فَاجْتَنِبُوه»

(When I command you to do something, do as much as you can of it, and whatever I forbid for you, then avoid it.) Allah's statement,

وَاسْمَعُواْ وَأَطِيعُواْ

(listen and obey,) means, obey what Allah and His Messenger command you to do and do not stray from it to the right or left. Do not utter a statement or make a decision before Allah and His Messenger issue a statement or decision. Do not ignore what you were ordered to do, nor commit what you were forbidden from doing.

Encouraging Charity

Allah the Exalted said,

وَأَنْفِقُواْ خَيْراً لاًّنفُسِكُمْ

(and spend in charity; that is better for yourselves.) meaning, give from what Allah has granted you to your relatives, the poor, the needy and the weak. Be kind to Allah's creatures, just as Allah was and still is kind with you. This will be better for you in this life and the Hereafter. Otherwise, if you do not do it, it will be worse for you in this life and the Hereafter. Allah said;

وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

(And whosoever is saved from his own greed, then they are the successful ones.) This was explained with a similar Ayah in Surat Al-Hashr, where we also mentioned the relevant Hadiths. Therefore, we do not need to repeat them here, all praise and gratitude is due to Allah. Allah the Exalted said,

إِن تُقْرِضُواْ اللَّهَ قَرْضاً حَسَناً يُضَـعِفْهُ لَكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ

(If you lend to Allah a handsome loan, He will double it for you, and will forgive you.) meaning, whatever you spend, then Allah will replace it, and on Him will be the reward of whatever you give away in charity. Allah considered giving charity as if it is a loan to Him, just as Allah said in a Qudsi Hadith,

«مَنْ يُقْرِضُ غَيْرَ ظَلُومٍ وَلَا عَدِيم»

("Who will give a loan to He Who is neither unjust nor poor") This is why Allah the Exalted said in Surat Al-Baqarah,

فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً

(So that He may multiply it to him many times) (2:245) Allah said;

وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ

(and will forgive you.) meaning, He will erase your mistakes,

وَاللَّهُ شَكُورٌ

(And Allah is Shakur) meaning, He gives abundantly in return for what was little,

حَلِيمٌ

(Halim) means, He forgives, pardons, covers and absolves the sins, mistakes, errors and shortcomings,

عَـلِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ

(All-Knower of the unseen and seen, the Almighty, the All-Wise.) Its explanation has already preceded several times. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat At-Taghabun, all the praise and appreciation is due to Allah.

So fear God as far as you can — this abrogates His saying Fear God as He should be feared Q. 3102 — and listen to what you have been enjoined to listening disposed to accept and obey and expend in obedience to Him; that is better for your souls khayran li-anfusikum is the predicate of an implied yakun ‘that is’ and the response to the imperative. And whoever is shielded from the avarice of his own soul such are the successful the winners.

فَاتَّقُوا اللَّـهَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ (So, observe taqwa [ total obedience to Allah in awe of Him ] as far as you can…64:16). When the verse اتَّقُوا اللَّـهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ (…Observe taqwa as is His due…3:102] was revealed, the blessed Companions felt it very difficult, because it was impossible for anyone to observe taqwa of Allah ‘as is due to Him’. On that occasion, the present verse was revealed which clarified that no imposition is made on man more than he can bear. Taqwa too must be observed as far as it is possible for man to observe. If a person tries to obey Allah’ s due. [ Ruh – condensed ]

Alhamdulillah

The Commentary on

Surah At-Taghabun

Ends here

So be wary of God as much as you are able. In another place, He says, “Be wary of God as is the rightful due of His wariness” [3:102]. One of these verses is the abrogater, the other the abrogated. One alludes to what is necessary by the command, the other alludes to what is necessary by rightful due. What is necessary by the com- mand came and abrogated what is necessary by rightful due. This is because when the Real calls the servants to account, He does so by what the command makes necessary so that He may then pardon their acts. If He were to take them to task for what is necessary by rightful due, then a thousand years of obedience would have the same color as a thousand years of disobedience. If all the prophets, the friends, and the limpid, and all the recognizers and lovers, came together, which of them would have the capacity to undertake His rightful due or to answer to His rightful due? His command is finite, but His rightful due is infinite. This is because the command subsists as long as the prescription of the Law subsists, but the prescription of the Law pertains to this world, which is the abode of prescription. The rightful due subsists through the subsistence of the Essence, and the Essence is infinite. Hence the subsistence of the rightful due is infinite. What is necessary by the command will disappear, but what is necessary by the rightful due will never disappear. This world will pass away, and the turn of the command will pass away along with it. But the turn of the rightful due will never pass away. Today everyone has a mad fervor in his head because he is looking at the command. The prophets and messengers look at their own prophethood and messengerhood, and the angels look at their own obedience and worship. The tawḤīd-voicers, the strugglers, the faithful, and the purifiers look at their own tawḤīd, faith, and self-purification. Tomorrow, when the pavilions of the lordly rightful due are thrown open, the prophets, de- spite the perfection of their state, will speak of their own knowledge of the Subsistent: “We have no knowledge” [5:109]. The angels of the Dominion will strike fire to the monasteries of their obedience, saying, “We have not worshiped You with the rightful due of Your worship.” The rec- ognizers and tawḤīd-voicers will say, “We have not recognized You with the rightful due of Your recognition.” And God knows best what is correct.