62:11 Al-Jumu'a (Friday)

{ وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا } أي: خرجوا من المسجد، حرصًا على ذلك اللهو، و [تلك] التجارة، وتركوا الخير، { وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا } تخطب الناس، وذلك [في] يوم جمعة، بينما النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يخطب الناس، إذ قدم المدينة، عير تحمل تجارة، فلما سمع الناس بها، وهم في المسجد، انفضوا من المسجد، وتركوا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يخطب استعجالًا لما لا ينبغي أن يستعجل له، وترك أدب، { قُلْ مَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ } من الأجر والثواب، لمن لازم الخير وصبر نفسه على عبادة الله.{ خَيْرٌ مِنَ اللَّهْوِ وَمِنَ التِّجَارَةِ } التي، وإن حصل منها بعض المقاصد، فإن ذلك قليل منغص، مفوت لخير الآخرة، وليس الصبر على طاعة الله مفوتًا للرزق، فإن الله خير الرازقين، فمن اتقى الله رزقه من حيث لا يحتسب.وفي هذه الآيات فوائد عديدة:منها: أن الجمعة فريضة على جميع المؤمنين، يجب عليهم السعي لها، والمبادرة والاهتمام بشأنها.ومنها: أن الخطبتين يوم الجمعة، فريضتان يجب حضورهما، لأنه فسر الذكر هنا بالخطبتين، فأمر الله بالمضي إليه والسعي له.ومنها: مشروعية النداء ليوم الجمعة، والأمر به.ومنها: النهى عن البيع والشراء، بعد نداء الجمعة، وتحريم ذلك، وما ذاك إلا لأنه يفوت الواجب ويشغل عنه، فدل ذلك على أن كل أمر ولو كان مباحًا في الأصل، إذا كان ينشأ عنه تفويت واجب، فإنه لا يجوز في تلك الحال.ومنها: الأمر بحضور الخطبتين يوم الجمعة، وذم من لم يحضرهما، ومن لازم ذلك الإنصات لهما.ومنها: أنه ينبغي للعبد المقبل على عبادة الله، وقت دواعي النفس لحضور اللهو [والتجارات] والشهوات، أن يذكرها بما عند الله من الخيرات، وما لمؤثر رضاه على هواه.تم تفسير سورة الجمعة، ولله الحمد والثناء

يعاتب تبارك وتعالى على ما كان وقع من الانصراف عن الخطبة يوم الجمعة إلى التجارة التي قدمت المدينة يومئذ فقال تعالى "وإذا رأوا تجارة أو لهوا انفضوا إليها وتركوك قائما" أي على المنبر تخطب هكذا ذكره غير واحد من التابعين منهم أبو العالية والحسن وزيد بن أسلم وقتادة وزعم مقاتل بن حيان أن التجارة كانت لدحيه بن خليفة قبل أن يسلم وكان معها طبل فانصرفوا إليها وتركوا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قائما على المنبر إلا القليل منهم وقد صح بذلك الخبر فقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا ابن إدريس عن حصين عن سالم بن أبي الجعد عن جابر قال: قدمت غير مرة المدينة ورسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يخطب فخرج الناس وبقي اثنا عشر رجلا فنزلت "وإذا رأوا تجارة أو لهوا انفضوا إليها" أخرجاه في الصحيحين من حديث سالم به. وقال الحافظ أبو يعلى حدثنا زكريا بن يحيى حدثنا هشيم عن حصين عن سالم بن أبي الجعد وأبي سفيان عن جابر بن عبدالله قال: بينما النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يخطب يوم الجمعة فقدمت عير إلى المدينة فابتدرها أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حتى لم يبق مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلا اثنا عشر رجلا فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "والذي نفسي بيده لو تتابعتم حتى لم يبق منكم أحد لسال بكم الوادي نارا" ونزلت هذه الآية "وإذا رأوا تجارة أو لهوا انفضوا إليها وتركوك قائما" وقال كان في الاثني عشر الذين ثبتوا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أبو بكر وعمر رضي الله عنهما وفي قوله تعالى "تركوك قائما" دليل على أن الإمام يخطب يوم الجمعة قائما. وقد روى مسلم في صحيحه عن جابر بن سمرة قال: كانت للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم خطبتان يجلس بينهما يقرأ القرآن ويذكر الناس ولكن ههنا شيء ينبغي أن يعلم هو: إن هذه القصة قد قيل إنها كانت لما كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقدم الصلاة يوم الجمعة على الخطبة كما رواه أبو داود في كتاب المراسيل حدثنا محمود بن خالد عن الوليد أخبرني أبو معاذ بكير ابن معروف أنه سمع مقاتل بن حيان يقول كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصلي يوم الجمعة قبل الخطبة مثل العيدين حتى إذا كان يوم والنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يخطب وقد صلى الجمعة فدخل رجل فقال إن دحية بن خليفة قد قدم بتجارة يعني فانفضوا ولم يبق معه إلا نفر يسير وقوله تعالى "قل ما عند الله" أي الذي عند الله من الثواب في الدار الآخر "خير من اللهو ومن التجارة والله خير الرازقين" أي لمن توكل عليه وطلب الرزق في وقته آخر تفسير سورة الجمعة ولله الحمد والمنة وبه التوفيق والعصمة.

The Prohibition of leaving the Masjid while the Imam is delivering the Friday Sermon

Allah criticizes what happened during one Friday sermon, when a caravan arrived at Al-Madinah and the people rushed out to the merchandise. Allah said,

وَإِذَا رَأَوْاْ تِجَـرَةً أَوْ لَهْواً انفَضُّواْ إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَآئِماً

(And when they see some merchandise or some amusement, they disperse headlong to it, and leave you standing.) meaning, on the Minbar, delivering the Khutbah. Several of the Tabi`in said this, such as Abu Al-`Aliyah, Al-Hasan, Zayd bin Aslam and Qatadah. Muqatil bin Hayyan said that the caravan belonged to Dihyah bin Khalifah before he became a Muslim, and there were drums accompanying it.So they rushed to the caravan and left Allah's Messenger ﷺ standing on the Minbar. Only a few remained, according to the authentic Hadith that Imam Ahmad recorded that Jabir said, "Once, a caravan arrived at Al-Madinah while Allah's Messenger ﷺ was giving a Khutbah. So, the people left, and only twelve men remained with the Messenger . Then Allah sent down this Ayah,

وَإِذَا رَأَوْاْ تِجَـرَةً أَوْ لَهْواً انفَضُّواْ إِلَيْهَا

(And when they see some merchandise or some amusement, they disperse headlong to it,)" The Two Sahihs also recorded this Hadith. Allah's statement,

وَتَرَكُوكَ قَآئِماً

(And leave you standing.) proves that the Imam should deliver the speech on Friday while standing. In his Sahih, Imam Muslim recorded that Jabir bin Samurah said, "(During Jumu`ah,) the Prophet gave two speeches, and he used to sit between them. The Prophet would recite the Qur'an and remind the people (of Allah)." Allah's statement,

قُلْ مَا عِندَ اللَّهِ

(Say: "That which Allah has...") means the reward that is with Allah in the Hereafter,

خَيْرٌ مِّنَ اللَّهْوِ وَمِنَ التِّجَـرَةِ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الرَزِقِينَ

(is better than any amusement or merchandise! And Allah is the best of providers.) means, for those who trust in Him and seek His provisions when they are allowed to do so. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Jumu`ah. All praise and thanks are due to Allah and from Him comes the success and immunity from error.

On one occasion the Prophet s was delivering the Friday sermon when a caravan arrived and so as was the custom drums were beaten to announce its arrival whereat the people began to leave the mosque to go to it all except for twelve men. The following verse was then revealed But when they sight some opportunity for business or a diversion they scatter off towards it that is towards the business since it is what they seek more than diversion and leave you during the sermon standing. Say ‘That which is with God in the way of reward is better for those who believe than diversion and commerce. And God is the best of providers’. They say that every person ‘provides for’ yarzuqu his dependants by which they mean that such a person does so by means of the provision given by God min rizqi’Llāhi exalted be He.

Admonishing those who abandon the Imam while he is delivering the Jumu’ ah Khutbah [ Sermon ]

وَإِذَا رَ‌أَوْا تِجَارَ‌ةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَ‌كُوكَ قَائِمًا ۚ قُلْ مَا عِندَ اللَّـهِ خَيْرٌ‌ مِّنَ اللَّـهْوِ وَمِنَ التِّجَارَ‌ةِ ۚ وَاللَّـهُ خَيْرُ‌ الرَّ‌ازِقِينَ

And when they see some merchandise or amusement, they break away to it, and leave you standing. Say, “ What is with Allah is much better than the amusement and the merchandise, and Allah is the best giver of sustenance.” (62:11)

The verse admonishes those who once abandoned the Friday sermon and attended some trade activity. Imam Ibn Kathir says that this incident took place when the Holy Prophet ﷺ used to deliver the Friday sermon after the Jumu’ ah prayer, as it happens on ‘Idain عِیدَین even in our days. It once happened that the Friday prayer had finished and the Holy Prophet ﷺ was delivering his sermon. Suddenly a trading caravan arrived in the market-place of Madinah. Drums were beaten to announce the arrival of the caravan. The Friday prayer had finished and the sermon was in progress. Many of the noble Companions went away to the market-place. Only a few of them had remained behind with the Holy Prophet ﷺ who were about twelve in number [ according to a narration in Marasil of Abu Dawud ]. According to some narratives, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “ If all had gone, the entire valley of Madinah would have been filled with the fire of punishment”. [ Transmitted by Abu Ya’ la, as quoted by Ibn Kathir ].

Muqatil, the leading scholar of Qur’ anic commentary, says that this was the trading caravan of Dihyah Ibn Khalaf Kalbi, which had come from Syria. This caravan normally came to Madinah with all the essentials, especially essential foodstuff. Whenever it arrived in Madinah, and the people came to know about it, men and women all rushed towards it. Dihyah Ibn Khalaf was not a Muslim until then. He became a Muslim later on.

Hasan al-Basri (رح) and Abu Malik said that that was a time when there was scarcity and dearth of things. [ Mazhari ] There were several factors on account of which a large group of the blessed Companions left the mosque when they heard the sound of the caravan. First, the fard prayer had already finished, and they did not know until then the status of the Friday sermon whether it was part of the fard prayer. Second, there was scarcity and dearth of essential goods and items. Third, buyers would rush to the caravan and they feared that if they did not make it in time, they would not be able to obtain their essentials. As a result, the noble Companions committed the mistake and the above Tradition sounded a warning, that is, if all of them had gone the Divine punishment would have overtaken them. The current verse إِذَا رَ‌أَوْا تِجَارَ‌ةً was revealed to admonish them and put them to shame. For this reason, the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، since that day, changed the order of Friday sermon and prayer, delivering the sermons before the prayer. This is now the approved way [ Sunnah ]. [ Ibn Kathir ]

The verse under comment instructs the Holy Prophet ﷺ to tell the people that what is with Allah is better than the merchandise and amusement of this world, that is, the reward of the Hereafter. It is not far-fetched to conceive that people who forsake business and earning of livelihood for the sake or prayer and sermon will attract ample blessings in their provision from Allah, even in this world, as was cited earlier from the righteous elders on the authority of Ibn Kathir.

Al-Hamdulillah

The Commentary on

Surah Al-Jumu’ ah

Ends here.

(But when they spy some merchandise or pastime they break away to it�) [62:11]. Master Abu Tahir al-Ziyadi informed us> Abu'l-Hasan 'Ali ibn Ibrahim> Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn Warah> al-Hasan ibn 'Atiyyah> Isra'il> Husayn ibn 'Abd al-Rahman> Abu Sufyan> Jabir ibn 'Abd Allah who said: �The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, was standing, delivering a sermon one Friday, when a caravan arrived from Syria. People left the mosque and went out to attend to it; only twelve people remained seated. Allah, glorified and exalted is He, then revealed (But when they spy some merchandise or pastime they break away to it and leave thee standing)�. This was narrated by Bukhari> Hafs ibn 'Umar> Khalid ibn 'Abd Allah> Husayn. Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Muzakki informed us> Abu Bakr ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Yahya al-Talhi> Ja'far ibn Ahmad ibn 'Imran al-Shashi> 'Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Yunus> 'Abthar ibn al-Qasim> Husayn> Salim ibn Abi al-Ja'd> Jabir ibn 'Abd Allah: �It was Friday and we were with the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, when a caravan transporting food passed by. Except for twelve men, everyone left to attend to it, and so the verse of Friday (Ayat al-Jumu'ah) was revealed�. This was narrated by Muslim> Ishaq ibn Ibrahim> Jarir and also by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Jumu'ah> Mu'awiyah ibn 'Amr> Za'idah; both Jariri and Ibn Za'idah related it from Husayn. The commentators of the Qur'an said: �The people of Medina were suffering from hunger and a rise in prices. And it happened that Dihyah ibn Khalifah al-Kalbi arrived from a business trip to Syria. His arrival was announced to people by beating a drum while the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, was standing, delivering the Friday sermon. People left the mosque such that only twelve people remained inside, including Abu Bakr and 'Umar. This verse was then revealed, and the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: 'By Him in Whose Hand is Muhammad's soul, had you followed each other, such that none of you remained, the valley would have inundated you with fire' �.