6:93 Al-An'aam (The Cattle)

يقول تعالى: لا أحد أعظم ظلما، ولا أكبر جرما، ممن كذب [على] الله.بأن نسب إلى الله قولا أو حكما وهو تعالى بريء منه، وإنما كان هذا أظلم الخلق، لأن فيه من الكذب، وتغيير الأديان أصولها، وفروعها، ونسبة ذلك إلى الله -ما هو من أكبر المفاسد. ويدخل في ذلك، ادعاء النبوة، وأن الله يوحي إليه، وهو كاذب في ذلك، فإنه - مع كذبه على الله، وجرأته على عظمته وسلطانه- يوجب على الخلق أن يتبعوه، ويجاهدهم على ذلك، ويستحل دماء من خالفه وأموالهم. ويدخل في هذه الآية، كل من ادعى النبوة، كمسيلمة الكذاب والأسود العنسي والمختار، وغيرهم ممن اتصف بهذا الوصف. { وَمَنْ قَالَ سَأُنْزِلُ مِثْلَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ْ} أي: ومن أظلم ممن زعم. أنه يقدر على ما يقدر الله عليه ويجاري الله في أحكامه، ويشرع من الشرائع، كما شرعه الله. ويدخل في هذا، كل من يزعم أنه يقدر على معارضة القرآن، وأنه في إمكانه أن يأتي بمثله. وأي: ظلم أعظم من دعوى الفقير العاجز بالذات، الناقص من كل وجه، مشاركةَ القوي الغني، الذي له الكمال المطلق، من جميع الوجوه، في ذاته وأسمائه وصفاته؟\" ولما ذم الظالمين، ذكر ما أعد لهم من العقوبة في حال الاحتضار، ويوم القيامة فقال: { وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذِ الظَّالِمُونَ فِي غَمَرَاتِ الْمَوْتِ ْ} أي: شدائده وأهواله الفظيعة، وكُرَبه الشنيعة –لرأيت أمرا هائلا، وحالة لا يقدر الواصف أن يصفها. { وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ بَاسِطُو أَيْدِيهِمْ ْ} إلى أولئك الظالمين المحتضرين بالضرب والعذاب، يقولون لهم عند منازعة أرواحهم وقلقها، وتعصيها للخروج من الأبدان: { أَخْرِجُوا أَنْفُسَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ الْهُونِ ْ} أي: العذاب الشديد، الذي يهينكم ويذلكم والجزاء من جنس العمل، فإن هذا العذاب { بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ غَيْرَ الْحَقِّ ْ} من كذبكم عليه، وردكم للحق، الذي جاءت به الرسل. { وَكُنْتُمْ عَنْ آيَاتِهِ تَسْتَكْبِرُونَ ْ} أي: تَرَفَّعون عن الانقياد لها، والاستسلام لأحكامها. وفي هذا دليل على عذاب البرزخ ونعيمه، فإن هذا الخطاب، والعذاب الموجه إليهم، إنما هو عند الاحتضار وقبيل الموت وبعده. وفيه دليل، على أن الروح جسم، يدخل ويخرج، ويخاطب، ويساكن الجسد، ويفارقه، فهذه حالهم في البرزخ. وأما يوم القيامة، فإنهم إذا وردوها، وردوها مفلسين فرادى بلا أهل ولا مال، ولا أولاد ولا جنود، ولا أنصار، كما خلقهم الله أول مرة، عارين من كل شيء. فإن الأشياء، إنما تتمول وتحصل بعد ذلك، بأسبابها، التي هي أسبابها، وفي ذلك اليوم تنقطع جميع الأمور، التي كانت مع العبد في الدنيا، سوى العمل الصالح والعمل السيء، الذي هو مادة الدار الآخرة، الذي تنشأ عنه، ويكون حسنها وقبحها، وسرورها وغمومها، وعذابها ونعيمها، بحسب الأعمال. فهي التي تنفع أو تضر، وتسوء أو تسر، وما سواها من الأهل والولد، والمال والأنصار، فعواري خارجية، وأوصاف زائلة، وأحوال حائلة

يقول تعالى "ومن أظلم ممن افترى على الله كذبا" أي لا أحد أظلم ممن كذب على الله فجعل له شركاء أو ولدا أو ادعى أن الله أرسله إلى الناس ولم يرسله ولهذا قال تعالى "أو قال أوحي إلي ولم يوح إليه شيء" قال عكرمة وقتادة نزلت في مسيلمة الكذاب "ومن قال سأنزل مثل ما أنزل الله" أي ومن ادعى أنه يعارض ما جاء من عند الله من الوحي مما يفتريه من القول كقوله تعالى "وإذا تتلى عليهم آياتنا قالوا قد سمعنا لو نشاء لقلنا مثل هذا" الآية قال الله تعالى "ولو ترى إذ الظالمون في غمرات الموت" أي في سكراته وغمراته وكرباته"والملائكة باسطو أيديهم" أي بالضرب كقوله "لئن بسطت إلي يدك لتقتلني" الآية. وقوله "يبسطوا إليكم أيديهم وألسنتهم بالسوء" الآية وقال الضحاك وأبو صالح باسطو أيديهم أي بالعذاب كقوله "ولو ترى إذ يتوفى الذين كفروا الملائكة يضربون وجوههم وأدبارهم" ولهذا قال "والملائكة باسطو أيديهم" أي بالضرب لهم حتى تخرج أنفسهم من أجسادهم ولهذا يقولون لهم "أخرجوا أنفسكم" وذلك أن الكافر إذا احتضر بشرته الملائكة بالعذاب والنكال والأغلال والسلاسل والجحيم والحميم وغضب الرحمن الرحيم فتفرق روحه في جسده وتعصي وتأبى الخروح فتضربهم الملائكة حتى تخرج أرواحهم من أجسادهم قائلين لهم "أخرجوا أنفسكم اليوم تجزون عذاب الهون بما كنتم تقولون على الله غير الحق" الآية. أي اليوم تهانون غاية الإهانة كما كنتم تكذبون على الله وتستكبرون عن اتباع آياته والانقياد لرسله وقد وردت الأحاديث المتواترة في كيفية احتضار المؤمن والكافر عند الموت وهي مقررة عند قوله تعالى "يثبت الله الذين آمنوا بالقول الثابت في الحياة الدنيا وفي الآخرة" وقد ذكر ابن مردوية ههنا حديثا مطولا جدا من طريق غريب عن الضحاك عن ابن عباس مرفوعا فالله أعلم.

None is Worse Than One who Invents a Lie Against Allah and Claims that Revelation Came to Him

Allah said,

وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَى عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِباً

(And who can be more unjust than he who invents a lie against Allah,) Therefore, none is more unjust than one who lies about Allah claiming that He has partners or a son, or falsely claiming that Allah sent him as a Prophet;

أَوْ قَالَ أُوْحِى إِلَىَّ وَلَمْ يُوحَ إِلَيْهِ شَىْءٌ

(or says: "I have received inspiration," whereas he is not inspired with anything;) `Ikrimah and Qatadah said that this Ayah was revealed about Musaylimah Al-Kadhdhab.

وَمَن قَالَ سَأُنزِلُ مِثْلَ مَآ أَنَزلَ اللَّهُ

(and who says, "I will reveal the like of what Allah has revealed.") This refers to he, who claims that the lies he invents rival the revelation that came from Allah. In another Ayah, Allah said,

وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَـتُنَا قَالُواْ قَدْ سَمِعْنَا لَوْ نَشَآءُ لَقُلْنَا مِثْلَ هَـذَآ

(And when Our verses (of the Qur'an) are recited to them, they say: "We have heard this (the Qur'an); if we wish we can say the like of this.")

The Condition of These Unjust People Upon Death and on the Day of Resurrection

Allah, the Most Honored, said,

وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذِ الظَّـلِمُونَ فِى غَمَرَاتِ الْمَوْتِ

(And if you could but see when the wrongdoers are in the agonies of death...) suffering from the hardhips, agonies and afflictions of death,

وَالْمَلَـئِكَةُ بَاسِطُواْ أَيْدِيهِمْ

(while the angels are stretching forth their hands...) beating them. Allah said in other Ayat:

لَئِن بَسَطتَ إِلَىَّ يَدَكَ لِتَقْتُلَنِى

(If you do stretch your hand against me to kill me..) 5:28and,

وَيَبْسُطُواْ إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَلْسِنَتَهُمْ بِالسُّوءِ

(And stretch forth their hands and their tongues against you with evil.)60:2 Ad-Dahhak and Abu Salih said that, `stretch forth their hands,' means, `with torment'. In another Ayah, Allah said,

وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذْ يَتَوَفَّى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ الْمَلَـئِكَةُ يَضْرِبُونَ وُجُوهَهُمْ وَأَدْبَـرَهُمْ

(And if you could see when the angels take away the souls of those who disbelieve they smite their faces and their backs. )8:50 Allah said,

وَالْمَلَـئِكَةُ بَاسِطُواْ أَيْدِيهِمْ

(while the angels are stretching forth their hands) beating them, until their souls leave their bodies, saying,

أَخْرِجُواْ أَنفُسَكُمُ

("Deliver your souls!") When the disbeliever is near death, the angels will convey the `good news' to him of torment, vengeance, chains, restraints, Hell, boiling water and the anger of the Most Beneficent, Most Merciful. The soul will then scatter in the body of the disbeliever and refuse to get out of it. The angels will keep beating the disbeliever until his soul exits from his body,

أَخْرِجُواْ أَنفُسَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ الْهُونِ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ غَيْرَ الْحَقِّ

((Saying): "Deliver your souls! This day you shall be recompensed with the torment of degradation because of what you used to say about Allah other than the truth.") This Ayah means, today, you will be utterly humiliated because you used to invent lies against Allah and arrogantly refused to follow His Ayat and obey His Mesengers. There are many Hadiths, of Mutawatir grade, that explain what occurs when the believers and disbelievers die, and we will mention these Hadiths when explaining Allah's statement,

يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِى الاٌّخِرَةِ

(Allah will keep firm those who believe, with the word that stands firm in this world, and in the Hereafter.) 14:27 Allah said next,

وَلَقَدْ جِئْتُمُونَا فُرَادَى كَمَا خَلَقْنَـكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ

(And truly you have come unto Us alone as We created you the first time.) 6:94, and this statement will be said on the Day of Return. In another Ayah, Allah said,

وَعُرِضُواْ عَلَى رَبِّكَ صَفَا لَّقَدْ جِئْتُمُونَا كَمَا خَلَقْنَـكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ

(And they will be set before your Lord in rows, (and Allah will say): "Now indeed, you have come to Us as We created you the first time.') 18:48, meaning, just as We started your creation, We brought you back, although you used to deny Resurrection and reject its possibility. Therefore, this is the Day of Resurrection! Allah said,

وَتَرَكْتُمْ مَّا خَوَّلْنَـكُمْ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِكُمْ

(You have left behind you all that which We had bestowed on you.) 6:94, The wealth and the money that you collected in the life of the world, you left all this behind you. It is recorded in the Sahih that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said,

«يَقُولُ ابْنُ آدَمَ مَالِي مَالِي وَهَلْ لَكَ مِنْ مَالِكَ إِلَّا مَا أَكَلْتَ فَأَفْنَيْتَ، أَوْ لَبِسْتَ فَأَبْلَيْتَ، أَوْ تَصَدَّقْتَ فَأَمْضَيْتَ، وَمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَذَاهِبٌ وَتَارِكُهُ لِلنَّاس»

(The Son of Adam says, `My money, my money!' But, what part of your money do you have, other than what you eat of it and is thus spent, what you wear and tear and what you gave in chairty and thus remains (in the record of good deeds) Other than that, you will depart and leave it to the people.) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "On the Day of Resurrection, the Son of Adam will be brought, as if he were a golden chariot and Allah, the Most Honored, will ask, `Where is what you collected' He will reply, `O Lord! I collected it and left it as intact as ever.' Allah will say to him, `O Son of Adam! Where is what you sent forth for yourself (of righteous, good deeds),' and he will realize that he did not send forth anything for himself." Al-Hasan then recited the Ayah,

وَلَقَدْ جِئْتُمُونَا فُرَادَى كَمَا خَلَقْنَـكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَتَرَكْتُمْ مَّا خَوَّلْنَـكُمْ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِكُمْ

(And truly you have come unto Us alone as We created you the first time. You have left behind you all that which We had bestowed on you.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded this statement. Allah said;

وَمَا نَرَى مَعَكُمْ شُفَعَآءَكُمُ الَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُمْ أَنَّهُمْ فِيكُمْ شُرَكَآءُ

(We see not with you your intercessors whom you claimed to be your partners.) This chastises and criticizes the disbelievers for the rivals, idols and images that they worshipped in this life, thinking they will avail them in this life and upon Resurrection, if there is Resurrection, as they thought. On the Day of Resurrection, all relationships will be cut off, misguidance will be exposed, and those whom they used to call upon as gods will disappear from them. Allah will then call them, while the rest of creation is listening,

أَيْنَ شُرَكَآئِىَ الَّذِينَ كُنتُمْ تَزْعُمُونَ

(Where are My (so-called) partners whom you used to assert) 28:62 And,

وَقِيلَ لَهُمْ أَيْنَ مَا كُنتُمْ تَعْبُدُونَ - مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ هَلْ يَنصُرُونَكُمْ أَوْ يَنتَصِرُونَ

(And it will be said to them: "Where are those that you used to worship. Instead of Allah Can they help you or help themselves") 26:92-93 Allah said here,

وَمَا نَرَى مَعَكُمْ شُفَعَآءَكُمُ الَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُمْ أَنَّهُمْ فِيكُمْ شُرَكَآءُ

(We see not with you your intercessors whom you claimed were partners.) meaning partners in worship. That is, partners in a share of your worship.

لَقَد تَّقَطَّعَ بَيْنَكُمْ

(Now you and they have been cut off) or, the Ayah is recited with the meaning: all connections, means, and ties between you and them have been severed.

وَضَلَّ عَنكُم

(and vanished from you) you have lost,

مَّا كُنتُمْ تَزْعُمُونَ

(all that you used to claim) of hope in the benefit of the idols and rivals (you worshipped with Allah). Allah said in other Ayat,

إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُواْ مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُواْ وَرَأَوُاْ الْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الاٌّسْبَابُ - وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُواْ لَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً فَنَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُمْ كَمَا تَبَرَّءُواْ مِنَّا كَذَلِكَ يُرِيهِمُ اللَّهُ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ حَسَرَتٍ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَا هُم بِخَـرِجِينَ مِنَ النَّارِ

(When those who were followed, declare themselves innocent of those who followed (them), and they see the torment, then all their relations will be cut off from them. And those who followed will say: "If only we had one more chance to return, we would disown them as they have disowned us." Thus Allah will show them their deeds as regret for them. And they will never get out of the Fire.) 2:166-167, and

فَإِذَا نُفِخَ فِى الصُّورِ فَلاَ أَنسَـبَ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَلاَ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ

(Then, when the Trumpet is blown, there will be no kinship among them that Day, nor will they ask of one another.) 23:101, and

إِنَّمَا اتَّخَذْتُمْ مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ أَوْثَـناً مَّوَدَّةَ بَيْنِكُمْ فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا ثُمَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ يَكْفُرُ بَعْضُكُمْ بِبَعْضٍ وَيَلْعَنُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضاً وَمَأْوَاكُمُ النَّارُ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِّن نَّـصِرِينَ

(You have taken (for worship) idols instead of Allah, and the love between you is only in the life of this world, but on the Day of Resurrection, you shall disown each other, and curse each other, and your abode will be the Fire, and you shall have no helper.) 29:25, and

وَقِيلَ ادْعُواْ شُرَكَآءَكُمْ فَدَعَوْهُمْ فَلَمْ يَسْتَجِيبُواْ لَهُمْ

(And it will be said (to them): "Call upon your partners", and they will call upon them, but they will give no answer to them.) 28:64, and

وَيَوْمَ نَحْشُرُهُمْ جَمِيعاً ثُمَّ نَقُولُ لِلَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُواْ

(And the Day whereon We shall gather them all together, then We shall say to those who committed Shirk...) 10:28 until,

وَضَلَّ عَنْهُمْ مَّا كَانُواْ يَفْتَرُونَ

(And their invented false deities will vanish from them.) 10:30

And who that is none does greater evil than he who invents lies against God by claiming prophethood when he has not been called to it or who says ‘It is revealed to me’ when nothing has been revealed to him — this was revealed regarding the false prophet Musaylama al-Kadhdhāb — or he who says ‘I will reveal the like of what God has revealed’? — these were the mockers who would say If we wish we can speak the like of this Q. 831; If you could only see O Muhammad (s) when the mentioned evildoers are in the agonies the throes of death and the angels extend their hands against them beating and torturing them saying to them in stern censure ‘Give up your souls! to us that we may seize them. Today you shall be requited with the chastisement of humiliation because you used to say about God other than the truth of claiming prophethood and inspiration falsely and that you used to scorn His signs’ disdaining to believe in them. The response to the conditional statement beginning with law ‘if you could only see’ is ‘you would be seeing a terrifying thing’.

After having concluded the argument concerning Books revealed by Allah Ta` ala against deniers, it was said in the third verse (92): وَهَـٰذَا كِتَابٌ أَنزَلْنَاهُ مُبَارَ‌كٌ مُّصَدِّقُ الَّذِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَلِتُنذِرَ‌ أُمَّ الْقُرَ‌ىٰ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا (And this is a blessed Book We have sent down confirming what has been before it, so that you may warn the town which is the mother of all towns, and those around it), that is, as it is that they too accept that the Torah was sent down by Allah Ta` ala, so it is that We have sent down this Qur'an too, and sufficient for them is the proof of its veracity that the Qur'an confirms what has been revealed in the Torah and the Injil. And that it was revealed after the Torah and Injil is because these two Books were sent for the Bani Isra'il while for their other branch of Bani Isma'il, known as Arabs living in Umm al-Qura, that is, Makkah and its environs, there has been no prophet or book of guidance until that time. Now this Qur'an has been sent for them particularly, and for the whole world generally. Makkah al-Mu'azzamah has been called Umm al-Qura by the Holy Qur'an. It means the root and foundation of all towns and habitations. The reason is that, according to historical nar-ratives, the land mass of the earth first began appearing from here. In addition to that, this is the Qiblah, and the central attraction of all acts of ` Ibadah for the whole world. (Mazhari) Said with: أُمَّ الْقُرَ‌ىٰ (Umm al-Qura) is: وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا (and those around it). It means all environs of Makkah, which includes the whole world East, West, North and South of Makkah.

Towards the end of the verse, it was said: وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَ‌ةِ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ ۖ وَهُمْ عَلَىٰ صَلَاتِهِمْ يُحَافِظُونَ. It means: Those who believe in the 'Akhirah (Hereafter) also believe in the Qur'an and are particularly careful about their prayers (Salah). This carries an admonition for the Jews and disbelievers against their common ailment whereby they would, with typical lack of concern, accept what they liked and reject what they did not, opening a front against it. This is an effect of that ailment - that they do not believe in 'Akhirah. Anyone who believes in 'Akhirah and in a Day of Judgment will definitely be moved by the fear of Allah which would help him or her reason it out, and once convinced, one would bypass constraints of ignorant customs and embrace what is the truth.

A little thought would reveal that the lack of concern for the 'Akhirah is the mother of all spiritual diseases. From here come Kufr and Shirk and sin and disobedience. If a believer in the 'Akhirah happens to have committed a mistake or sin, he does feel a pinch in his heart. Sooner or later, he repents and resolves to stay away from sin in the future. So, the fear of Allah 'and the concern for the 'Akhirah are, in all truth, channels which make human beings what they should be and which make them capable of staying away from crime and sin and disobedience by conscious choice. Therefore, no Surah (Chapter) of the Qur'an, perhaps no Ruku` (Section) either, is left without a reminder of this concern for the 'Akhirah:.

اَللَّھُمَّ اجعَل جُملَۃَ ھُمُومِنَا ھَمَّاً وَّاحِداً ھَمَّ الآخِرَۃِ

O Allah, make all our concerns a single concern - the concern for 'Akhirah.

Who does greater wrong than he who forges a lie against God? In the tongue of commentary placing lies on God and tying lies to Him is what we explained and clari- fied in the story of Musaylima and ʿAnsī.12 As for the tongue of the folk of allusion and the tasting of the chevaliers of the Path, this has another secret and intimation, by virtue of the report given by MuṣṬafā, “Every verse has an outwardness and an inwardness.” The reality of this secret is that anyone who claims recognition of God is a forger in reality, for the majesty of Unity is pure and not in any need of recognition by water and dust. This is why the pirs of the Tariqah have said, “Whoever remembers has forged, whoever shows patience has been audacious, and whoever recognizes is cut off.” Junayd said, “My greatest sin is my recognition of Him.” In other words, “It is that I should fancy and claim that I have recognized Him as is fitting for Him in the rightful due of His reality and the limits of His exaltedness.” But such recognition does not come from the Adamite, nor do his understanding and imagination reach it. This recognition fits only into the Lordhood's own knowledge, for in reality He recognizes Himself and knows Himself. God says, “They measured not God with the rightful due of His measure” [6:91]. The attributes of new arrival have no access to eternity, and everything that comes from the compass of power to the world of ignorance is im- prisoned by variegation, and variegated things have no access to stability. Whenever someone is guided by gazing and inference, he is walking in his own tracks. Whoever walks in his own tracks is nothing but deluded. Whoever hopes for recognition is seeking his own portion, and whoever seeks his own portion is nothing but self-nurturing and self-worshiping. Quit being the companion of self-nurturing habit-worshipers! Kiss the dust beneath the feet of those who have disowned self! [DS 972] The Adamite was not, then he was. That which was not, then was, is nonbeing. How can recogni- tion of being come from nonbeing? Someone who exists between two nonexistences is nothing at all. How can all things come to a nothing? Good fortune does not come by artifice, nor recognition by causes. Felicity does not come by worship, nor recognition by sufficiency. Shiblī said, “You did not recognize Him with your recognition. On the contrary, you perceived Him with your knowledges and your opinions and you intellected Him with your imaginations and your understandings. You measured Him with your beliefs and your hearts, and all that is turned back upon you and created like you.”