6:91 Al-An'aam (The Cattle)

هذا تشنيع على من نفى الرسالة، [من اليهود والمشركين] وزعم أن الله ما أنزل على بشر من شيء، فمن قال هذا، فما قدر الله حق قدره، ولا عظمه حق عظمته، إذ هذا قدح في حكمته، وزعم أنه يترك عباده هملا، لا يأمرهم ولا ينهاهم، ونفي لأعظم منة، امتن الله بها على عباده، وهي الرسالة، التي لا طريق للعباد إلى نيل السعادة، والكرامة، والفلاح، إلا بها، فأي قدح في الله أعظم من هذا؟\" { قُلْ ْ} لهم –ملزما بفساد قولهم، وقرِّرْهم، بما به يقرون-: { مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى ْ} وهو التوراة العظيمة { نُورًا ْ} في ظلمات الجهل { وَهُدًى ْ} من الضلالة، وهاديا إلى الصراط المستقيم علما وعملا، وهو الكتاب الذي شاع وذاع، وملأ ذكره القلوب والأسماع. حتى أنهم جعلوا يتناسخونه في القراطيس، ويتصرفون فيه بما شاءوا، فما وافق أهواءهم منه، أبدوه وأظهروه، وما خالف ذلك، أخفوه وكتموه، وذلك كثير. { وَعُلِّمْتُمْ ْ} من العلوم التي بسبب ذلك الكتاب الجليل { مَا لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا أَنْتُمْ وَلَا آبَاؤُكُمْ ْ} فإذا سألتهم عمن أنزل هذا الكتاب الموصوف بتلك الصفات، فأجب عن هذا السؤال. و { قل الله ْ} الذي أنزله، فحينئذ يتضح الحق وينجلي مثل الشمس، وتقوم عليهم الحجة، ثم إذا ألزمتهم بهذا الإلزام { ذَرْهُمْ فِي خَوْضِهِمْ يَلْعَبُونَ ْ} أي: اتركهم يخوضوا في الباطل، ويلعبوا بما لا فائدة فيه، حتى يلاقوا يومهم الذي يوعدون.

يقول تعالى وما عظموا الله حق تعظيمه إذ كذبوا رسله إليهم: قال ابن عباس ومجاهد وعبد الله بن كثير نزلت في قريش واختاره ابن جرير وقيل نزلت في طائفة من اليهود. وقيل في فنحاص رجل منهم. وقيل في مالك بن الصيف "قالوا ما أنزل الله على بشر من شيء" والأول أصح لأن الآية مكية واليهود لا ينكرون إنزال الكتب من السماء وقريش والعرب قاطبة كانوا ينكرون إرسال محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم لأنه من البشر كما قال "أكان للناس عجبا أن أوحينا إلى رجل منهم أن أنذر الناس" وكقوله تعالى "وما منع الناس أن يؤمنوا إذ جاءهم الهدى إلا أن قالوا أبعث الله بشرا رسولا قل لو كان في الأرض ملائكة يمشون مطمئنين لنزلنا عليهم من السماء ملكا رسولا" وقال ههنا "وما قدروا الله حق قدره إذ قالوا ما أنزل الله على بشر من شيء" قال الله تعالى "قل من أنزل الكتاب الذي جاء به موسى نورا وهدى للناس" أي قل يا محمد لهؤلاء المنكرين لإنزال شيء من الكتب من عند الله في جواب سلبهم العام بإثبات قضية جزئية موجبة "من أنزل الكتاب الذي جاء به موسى" وهو التوراة التي قد علمتم وكل أحد أن الله قد أنزلها على موسى بن عمران نورا وهدى للناس أي ليستضاء بها في كشف المشكلات ويهتدى بها من ظلم الشبهات وقوله "تجعلونه قراطيس تبدونها وتخفون كثيرا" أي تجعلون جملتها قراطيس أي قطعا تكتبونها من الكتاب الأصلي الذي بأيديكم وتحرفون منها ما تحرفون وتبدلون وتتأولون وتقولون هذا من عند الله أي في كتابه المنزل وما هو من عند الله ولهذا قال "تجعلونه قراطيس تبدونها وتخفون كثيرا" وقوله تعالى "وعلمتم ما لم تعلموا أنتم ولا آباؤكم" أي ومن أنزل القرآن الذي علمكم الله فيه من خبر ما سبق ونبأ ما يأتي ما لم تكونوا تعلمون ذلك لا أنتم ولا آباؤكم وقد قال قتادة: هؤلاء مشركو العرب وقال مجاهد هذه للمسلمين وقوله تعالى "قل الله" قال علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس أي قل الله أنزله وهذا الذي قاله ابن عباس هو المتعين في تفسير هذه الكلمة لا ما قاله بعض المتأخرين من أن معنى "قل الله" أي لا يكون خطاب لهم إلا هذه الكلمة كلمة "الله" وهذا الذي قاله هذا القائل يكون أمرا بكلمة مفردة من غير تركيب والإتيان بكلمة مفردة لا يفيد في لغة العرب فائدة يحسن السكوت عليها وقوله "ثم ذرهم في خوضهم يلعبون" أي ثم دعهم في جهلهم وضلالهم يلعبون حتى يأتيهم من الله اليقين فسوف يعلمون ألهم العاقبة أم لعباد الله المتقين؟.

The Messenger is but a Human to Whom the Book was Revealed by Inspiration

Allah says that those who rejected His Messengers did not give Allah due consideration. Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and `Abdullah bin Kathir said that this Ayah was revealed about the Quraysh. It was also said that it was revealed about some Jews.

قَالُواْ مَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِّن شَىْءٍ

(They said: "Nothing did Allah send down to any human being (by inspiration).") Allah also, said,

أَكَانَ لِلنَّاسِ عَجَبًا أَنْ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِّنْهُمْ أَنْ أَنذِرِ النَّاسَ

(Is it a wonder for mankind that We have inspired to a man from among themselves (saying): "Warn mankind.") 10:2, and,

وَمَا مَنَعَ النَّاسَ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ إِذْ جَآءَهُمُ الْهُدَى إِلاَّ أَن قَالُواْ أَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ بَشَرًا رَّسُولاً - قُل لَوْ كَانَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ مَلَـئِكَةٌ يَمْشُونَ مُطْمَئِنِّينَ لَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْهِم مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ مَلَكًا رَّسُولاً

(And nothing prevented men from believing when the guidance came to them, except that they said: "Has Allah sent a man as Messenger" Say: "If there were on the earth, angels walking about in peace and security, We should certainly have sent down for them from the heaven an angel as a Messenger.") 17:94-95. Allah said here,

وَمَا قَدَرُواْ اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ إِذْ قَالُواْ مَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِّن شَىْءٍ

(They did not estimate Allah with an estimation due to Him when they said: "Nothing did Allah send down to any human being (by inspiration).") Allah answered them,

قُلْ مَنْ أَنزَلَ الْكِتَـبَ الَّذِى جَآءَ بِهِ مُوسَى نُوراً وَهُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ

(Say : "Who then sent down the Book which Musa brought, a light and a guidance to mankind") meaning, say, O Muhammad , to those who deny the concept that Allah sent down Books by revelation, answering them specifically,

مَنْ أَنزَلَ الْكِتَـبَ الَّذِى جَآءَ بِهِ مُوسَى

(Who then sent down the Book which Musa brought) in reference to the Tawrah that you and all others know that Allah sent down to Musa, son of `Imran. Allah sent the Tawrah as a light and a guidance for people, so that it could shed light on the answers to various disputes, and to guide away from the darkness of doubts. Allah's statement, .

تَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَطِيسَ تُبْدُونَهَا وَتُخْفُونَ كَثِيراً

(which you have made into (separate) papersheets, disclosing (some of it) and concealing (much).) means, you made the Tawrah into separate sheets which you copied from the original and altered, changed and distorted as you wished. You then said, "this is from Allah," meaning it is in the revealed Book of Allah, when in fact, it is not from Allah. This is why Allah said here,

تَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَطِيسَ تُبْدُونَهَا وَتُخْفُونَ كَثِيراً

(which you have made into (separate) papersheets, disclosing (some of it) and concealing (much).) Allah said;

وَعُلِّمْتُمْ مَّا لَمْ تَعْلَمُواْ أَنتُمْ وَلاَ ءَابَاؤُكُمْ

(And you were taught that which neither you nor your fathers knew.) meaning, Who sent down the Qur'an in which Allah taught you the news of those who were before you and the news of what will come after, that neither you nor your fathers had knowledge of. Allah's statement,

قُلِ اللَّهُ

(Say: "Allah.") `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "Meaning, `Say, Allah sent it down."' Allah said,

ثُمَّ ذَرْهُمْ فِى خَوْضِهِمْ يَلْعَبُونَ

(Then leave them to play in their vain discussions.) leave them to play in ignorance and misguidance until the true news comes to them from Allah. Then, they will know whether the good end is theirs or for the fearful servants of Allah. Allah said,

وَهَـذَا كِتَـبٌ

(And this is a Book,) the Qur'an,

أَنزَلْنَـهُ مُبَارَكٌ مُّصَدِّقُ الَّذِى بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَلِتُنذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَى

(Blessed, which We have sent down, confirming which came before it, so that you may warn the Mother of Towns) that is, Makkah,

وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا

(and all those around it...) refering to the Arabs and the rest of the children of Adam, Arabs and non-Arabs alike. Allah said in other Ayat,

قُلْ يَأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا

(Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allah.") 7:158, and

لاٌّنذِرَكُمْ بِهِ وَمَن بَلَغَ

("that I may therewith warn you and whomsoever it may reach.") 6:19, and

وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِهِ مِنَ الاٌّحْزَابِ فَالنَّارُ مَوْعِدُهُ

(but those of the sects who reject it, the Fire will be their promised meeting place) 11:17 and,

تَبَارَكَ الَّذِى نَزَّلَ الْفُرْقَانَ عَلَى عَبْدِهِ لِيَكُونَ لِلْعَـلَمِينَ نَذِيراً

(Blessed be He Who sent down the criterion to His servant that he may be a warner to the `Alamin (mankind and Jinn).) 25:1, and,

وَقُلْ لِّلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ وَالاٍّمِّيِّينَ ءَأَسْلَمْتُمْ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُواْ فَقَدِ اهْتَدَواْ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوْاْ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ الْبَلَـغُ وَاللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِالْعِبَادِ

(And say to those who were given the Scripture and to those who are illiterates: "Do you submit yourselves" If they do, they are rightly guided; but if they turn away, your duty is only to convey the Message; and Allah is All-Seer of (His) servants.) 3:20. It is recorded in the Two Sahihs, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«أُعْطِيتُ خَمْسًا لَمْ يُعْطَهُنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ قَبْلِي»

(I have been given five things which were not given to any one else before me.) The Prophet mentioned among these five things,

«وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ يُبْعَثُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ خَاصَّةً، وَبُعِثْتُ إِلَى النَّاسِ عَامَّة»

(Every Prophet was sent only to his nation, but I have been sent to all people.) This is why Allah said,

وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالاٌّخِرَةِ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ

(Those who believe in the Hereafter believe in it,) meaning, those who believe in Allah and the Last Day, believe in this blessed Book, the Qur'an, which We revealed to you, O Muhammad ,

وَهُمْ عَلَى صَلاَتِهِمْ يُحَافِظُونَ

(and they are constant in guarding their Salah.) for they perform what Allah ordered them, offering the prayers perfectly and on time.

They that is the Jews measured not God with His true measure that is they have not extended Him the grandeur that truly befits Him or it means they have not attained the true knowledge of Him when they said to the Prophet s disputing with him about the Qur’ān ‘God has not revealed anything to any mortal.’ Say to them ‘Who revealed the Book which Moses brought a light and guidance for mankind? You put it in all three instances the verbs may be read either in the third person plural yaj‘alūnahu ‘they put it’; yubdūnahā ‘they reveal it’; wa-yukhfūna ‘and they hide’ or in the second person plural taj‘alūnahu ‘you put it’; tubdūnahā ‘you reveal it’; wa-tukhfūna ‘and you hide’ on parchments that is you write it down on fragments of notes which you disclose that is what you choose to disclose thereof but you hide much of what is in them as in the case of the descriptions of Muhammad (s); and you have been taught O Jews in the Qur’ān what you did not know neither you nor your fathers’ in the Torah through the elucidation therein of what you were confused about and in disagreement over. Say ‘God’ revealed it — and if they do not say it there is no other response — then leave them to play in their discourse their falsehood.

The second verse (91) has been revealed in answer to those who had the audacity to say that Allah Ta` ala has just not revealed any book to any human being. According to them, this whole proposition of books and messengers was all wrong.

If, those who said that are the idolaters of Makkah, as mentioned by Ibn Kathir, then, the matter is obvious, for they did not believe in any book and prophet. And if they were Jews, as held by other commentators - and the contextual elements of the verse obviously support this view - then, their saying so was an outcome of their anger and irritation, something contrary to the dictates of their own religion. According to a narration of Imam al-Baghawi, this was the reason why the Jews too were displeased with the person who had made this unfortunate remark, and it was because of this erroneous conduct of his that he was removed from his office of religious authority.

In this verse, Allah Ta` ala has said to the Holy Prophet ﷺ that people who made this absurd remark did not recognize the Most True Allah as was His right to be recognized. Had they done that, this audacious remark would have never escaped their lips. Then, Allah Ta` ala tells the Holy Prophet ﷺ to ask the people who deny Scriptures absolutely: If that is what you think - that Allah Ta` ala did not reveal any book to any human being - then, you better have an answer as to who revealed the Torah, in which you too believe, and because of which you sit in judgment over your people. Along with it, they were also told: You are such connoisseurs of crooked ways that you would treat your own book, the Torah, which you believe in as being Holy Scripture, in a way that you got it conveniently written on separate sheets, rather than having it in a formally bound book, so that you can take out any sheet from it as and when you want it, and by doing so you would have the option of denying what it enjoined. An example of this are the verses of the Torah which described the signs and attributes of the Messenger of Allah which you have excluded. The last sentence of the verse: تَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَ‌اطِيسَ (which you kept in sheets) means exactly this. The word: قَرَ‌اطِيسَ (qaratis) is the plural of: قِرطَاس (qirtas) which means sheet or paper.

After that, addressing the same people, it has been said: وَعُلِّمْتُم مَّا لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا أَنتُمْ وَلَا آبَاؤُكُمْ that is, you were taught (through the Qur an) what you or your forefathers did not know (earlier, either through the Torah or the Injil).

At the end of verse (91), it was said: قُلِ اللَّـهُ ۖ ثُمَّ ذَرْ‌هُمْ فِي خَوْضِهِمْ يَلْعَبُونَ (Say, "Allah." Then leave them playing with what they are indulged in). In other words, the sense is: As for the question - if Allah just did not send any book, who sent the Torah? - it was something they would not know how to answer, so, you go ahead and tell them that it was revealed by none but Allah. Now that the argument against them stands concluded, your mission as far as they are concerned is over. So, let them be lost in the game they are playing.

They measured not God with the rightful due of His measure.... Say “God,” then leave them to play in their plunging. In other words, they did not recognize Him with the rightful due of His recognition, they did not describe Him with the rightful due of His description, and they did not venerate Him with the right- ful due of His veneration. No one has recognized Him as is worthy of Him. No one has known Him as is worthy of Him. They encompass nothing of His knowledge [2:255]. You have been given no knowledge save a little [17:85]. Majestic is the Unity, so how can there be finding? Holy is the Self-Sufficient, so how can there be arrival? He is known, but encompassing Him in knowledge is absurd; He is seen, but perceiving His attribute is impossible; He is recognized, but having an overview of His descrip- tion is not correct. He took away His attribute and measure so that no one exalted would reach His exaltation, no understanding would perceive His extent, no knower would know His measure. What familiarity has water and dust with Him who always was and always will be? What affinity has eternity with new arrival? How can the subsistent Real join with the trace of what undergoes annihilation? How can the worthy link up with the unworthy? How can the prisoner of variegation reach the guise of stability? If others were of any use in His gentle presence, the passionate for His beauty would have a hope for union. It would be possible to search, were there a way to seek; He would be known in the end, were there a way to ask. Say “God,” then leave them. This is an eloquent allusion to the reality of solitariness, the center point of togetherness, making the aspiration one-pointed, recognizing the Real as one, and turning away from others toward Him. Say “God,” then leave them: Keep the heart turned toward Him and leave aside the others. What does someone seized by His love have to do with others? In this work, this world and the next are like a wall, and, for the recognizer, talking about the two is noth- ing but defect and shame. Shiblī said to one of his companions, “Stick to God, leave everything else, and be with Him. And say, “God,' then leave them to play in their plunging.”