6:100 Al-An'aam (The Cattle)

يخبر تعالى: أنه مع إحسانه لعباده وتعرفه إليهم، بآياته البينات، وحججه الواضحات -أن المشركين به، من قريش وغيرهم، جعلوا له شركاء، يدعونهم، ويعبدونهم، من الجن والملائكة، الذين هم خلق من خلق الله، ليس فيهم من خصائص الربوبية والألوهية شيء، فجعلوها شركاء لمن له الخلق والأمر، وهو المنعم بسائر أصناف النعم، الدافع لجميع النقم، وكذلك \"خرق المشركون\" أي: ائتفكوا، وافتروا من تلقاء أنفسهم لله، بنين وبنات بغير علم منهم، ومن أظلم ممن قال على الله بلا علم، وافترى عليه أشنع النقص، الذي يجب تنزيه الله عنه؟!!. ولهذا نزه نفسه عما افتراه عليه المشركون فقال: { سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ } فإنه تعالى، الموصوف بكل كمال، المنزه عن كل نقص، وآفة وعيب.

هذا رد على المشركين الذين عبدوا مع الله غيره وأشركوا به فى عبادته أن عبدوا الجن فجعلوهم شركاء له في العبادة تعالى الله عن شركهم وكفرهم فإن قيل فكيف عبدت الجن مع أنهم إنما كانوا يعبدون الأصنام؟ فالجواب أنهم ما عبدوها إلا عن طاعة الجن وأمرهم إياهم بذلك كقوله "إن يدعون من دونه إلا إناثا وإن يدعون إلا شيطانا مريدا لعنه الله وقال لأتخذن من عبادك نصيبا مفروضا ولأضلنهم ولأمنينهم ولآمرنهم فليبتكن آذان الأنعام ولآمرنهم فليغيرن خلق الله ومن يتخذ الشيطان وليا من دون الله فقد خسر خسرانا مبينا يعدهم ويمنيهم وما يعدهم الشيطان إلا غرورا" وكقوله تعالى "أفتتخذونه وذريته أولياء من دوني" الآية. وقال إبراهيم لأبيه "يا أبت لا تعبد الشيطان إن الشيطان كان للرحمن عصيا" وكقوله "ألم أعهد إليكم يا بني آدم أن لا تعبدوا الشيطان إنه لكم عدو مبين وأن اعبدوني هذا صراط مستقيم" وتقول الملائكة يوم القيامة "سبحانك أنت ولينا من دونهم بل كانوا يعبدون الجن أكثرهم بهم مؤمنون" ولهذا قال تعالى "وجعلوا لله شركاء الجن وخلقهم" أي وقد خلقهم فهو الخالق وحده لا شريك له فكيف يعبد معه غيره كقول إبراهيم "أتعبدون ما تنحتون والله خلقكم وما تعملون" ومعنى الآية. أنه سبحانه وتعالى هو المستقل بالخلق وحده فلهذا يجب أن يفرد بالعبادة وحده لا شريك له وقوله تعالى "وخرقوا له بنين وبنات بغير علم" ينبه به تعالى على ضلال من ضل في وصفه تعالى بأن له ولدا كما زعم من قاله من اليهود في عزير ومن قال من النصارى في عيسى ومن قال من مشركي العرب في الملائكة أنها بنات الله. تعالى الله عما يقول الظالمون علوا كبيرا ومعنى خرقوا أي اختلقوا وائتفكوا وتخرصوا وكذبوا كما قاله علماء السلف قال علي بن أبي طلحة وابن عباس وخرقوا يعني تخرصوا وقال العوفي عنه "وخرقوا له بنين وبنات بغير علم" قال جعلوا له بنين وبنات وقال مجاهد "وخرقوا له بنين وبنات" فال كذبوا. وكذا قال الحسن وقال الضحاك وضعوا وقال السدي قطعوا قال ابن جرير وتأويله إذا وجعلوا لله الجن شركاء في عبادته إياهم وهو المتفرد بخلقهم بغير شريك ولا معين ولا ظهير "وخرقوا له بنين وبنات بغير علم" بحقيقة ما يقولون ولكن جهلا بالله وبعظمته فإنه لا ينبغي لمن كان إلها أن يكون له بنون وبنات ولا صاحبة ولا أن يشركه في خلقه شريك ولهذا قال "سبحانه وتعالى عما يصفون" أي تقدس وتنزه وتعاظم عما يصفه هؤلاء الجهلة الضالون من الأولاد والأنداد والنظراء والشركاء.

Rebuking the Idolators

This Ayah refutes the idolators who worshipped others besides Allah and associated the Jinns with Him in worship. Glory be to Allah above this Shirk and Kufr. If someone asks, how did the idolators worship the Jinns, although they only were idol worshippers The answer is that in fact, they worshipped the idols by obeying the Jinns who commanded them to do so. Allah said in other Ayat,

إِن يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ إِلاَّ إِنَـثاً وَإِن يَدْعُونَ إِلاَّ شَيْطَـناً مَّرِيداً - لَّعَنَهُ اللَّهُ وَقَالَ لاّتَّخِذَنَّ مِنْ عِبَادِكَ نَصِيباً مَّفْرُوضاً - وَلأضِلَّنَّهُمْ وَلأُمَنِّيَنَّهُمْ وَلاّمُرَنَّهُمْ فَلَيُبَتِّكُنَّ ءَاذَانَ الاٌّنْعَـمِ وَلاّمُرَنَّهُمْ فَلَيُغَيِّرُنَّ خَلْقَ اللَّهِ وَمَن يَتَّخِذِ الشَّيْطَـنَ وَلِيّاً مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ خَسِرَ خُسْرَاناً مُّبِيناً - يَعِدُهُمْ وَيُمَنِّيهِمْ وَمَا يَعِدُهُمْ الشَّيْطَـنُ إِلاَّ غُرُوراً

(They invoke nothing but female deities besides Him, and they invoke nothing but Shaytan, a persistent rebel! Allah cursed him. And he Shaytan said: "I will take an appointed portion of your servants. Verily, I will mislead them, and surely, I will arouse in them false desires; and certainly, I will order them to slit the ears of cattle, and indeed I will order them to change the nature created by Allah." And whoever takes Shaytan as a protector instead of Allah, has surely suffered a manifest loss. He Shaytan makes promises to them, and arouses in them false desires; and Shaytan's promises are nothing but deceptions. ) 4:117-120 and,

أَفَتَتَّخِذُونَهُ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِى

(Will you then take him (Iblis) and his offspring as protectors and helpers rather than Me) 18:50 Ibrahim said to his father,

يأَبَتِ لاَ تَعْبُدِ الشَّيْطَـنَ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَـنَ كَانَ لِلرَّحْمَـنِ عَصِيّاً

("O my father! Worship not Shaytan. Verily! Shaytan has been a rebel against the Most Beneficent (Allah).") 19:44 Allah said,

أَلَمْ أَعْهَدْ إِلَيْكُمْ يبَنِى ءَادَمَ أَن لاَّ تَعْبُدُواْ الشَّيطَـنَ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُّبِينٌ - وَأَنِ اعْبُدُونِى هَـذَا صِرَطٌ مُّسْتَقِيمٌ

(Did I not ordain for you, O Children of Adam, that you should not worship Shaytan. Verily, he is a plain enemy to you. And that you should worship Me. That is a straight path.) 36:60-61 On the Day of Resurrection, the angels will proclaim,

سُبْحَـنَكَ أَنتَ وَلِيُّنَا مِن دُونِهِمْ بَلْ كَانُواْ يَعْبُدُونَ الْجِنَّ أَكْـثَرُهُم بِهِم مُّؤْمِنُونَ

(Glorified be You! You are our Protector instead of them. Nay, but they used to worship the Jinn; most of them were believers in them.) 34:41 This is why Allah said here,

وَجَعَلُواْ للَّهِ شُرَكَآءَ الْجِنَّ وَخَلَقَهُمْ

(Yet, they join the Jinns as partners in worship with Allah, though He has created them.) 6:100, Alone without partners. Consequently, how is it that another deity is being worshipped along with Him As Ibrahim said,

قَالَ أَتَعْبُدُونَ مَا تَنْحِتُونَ - وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ وَمَا تَعْمَلُونَ

("Worship you that which you (yourselves) carve While Allah has created you and what you make!") 37:95-96 Allah alone is the Creator without partners. Therefore, He Alone deserves to be worshipped without partners. Allah said next,

وَخَرَقُواْ لَهُ بَنِينَ وَبَنَاتٍ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ

(And they Kharaqu (attribute falsely) without knowledge, sons and daughters to Him.) Allah mentions the misguidance of those who were led astray and claimed a son or offspring for Him, as the Jews did with `Uzayr, the Christians with `Isa and the Arab pagans with the angels whom they claimed were Allah's daughters. Allah is far holier than what the unjust, polytheist people associate with Him. The word, Kharaqu, means `falsely attributed, invented, claimed and lied', according to the scholars of the Salaf. Allah's statement next,

سُبْحَـنَهُ وَتَعَـلَى عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ

(Be He Glorified and Exalted above (all) that they attribute to Him.) means, He is holier than, hallowed, and Exalted above the sons, rivals, equals and partners that these ignorant, misled people attribute to Him.

Yet they ascribe to God li’Llāhi the indirect object as associates shurakā’a the direct object which is substituted by the following al-jinn the jinn since they obey them by worshipping graven images even though He created them so how can they be associates? And they falsely impute to Him read kharaqū or kharraqū that is they invent sons and daughters without any knowledge saying Ezra ‘Uzayr is the son of God and the angels are the daughters of God. Glory be to Him — an affirmation of His transcendence — and exalted be He above what they describe! of Him having a child.

Commentary

The contents of this verse present a unique concern for thematic order. It will be noticed that three kinds of universes have been mentioned here: The low, the high and the atmosphere - that is, what generates in what we know as the Biosphere. The description was initiated with the mention of that which is on the lower level because it is closer to us. Then, it was split in two parts. One part of the statement covered vegetation which grows on the land, plants and trees and gardens. The other part featured life forms as beasts, human beings and animals. The first part was given precedence because it is more obvious as compared to the other. Then comes the case of that which has been made to come after, the other part. This is different. It has Ruh, soul or spirit. It is deep, depends on progression from the sperm to its various stages and attending conditions, something allied with the comprehension, diagnosis and judgment of physicians - contrary to the case of vegetation which, in its growth, flowering and ripening etc., is observable commonly. Then, mentioned there was the atmosphere and its life support system, the morning and the evening. Then, came the mention of what is higher, the sun, the moon, and the stars. After that, since what is at the lower level is observed more frequently, the subject was repeated and made the concluding statement. But, firstly it was taken up briefly, now it was taken up in detail - yet, in the order of this detail, the order of brevity was reversed by giving precedence to life forms and succession to the mention of vegetation. Perhaps, its basis is that the detailed statement highlights the expression of gratitude for blessings which, in that status, makes the blessed - being the intended recipients - deserving of being given precedence. As for vegetation, the previous order stays as the status of the donees, that is, of seeds and pits, remains preceded. That rain has been mentioned in between is subservient to the mention of vegetation. Incidentally, there might be another element of refinement here - in that rain has different states. In terms of its origin, it comes from the high; and in terms of its destination, it comes down to the low; and in terms of the distance covered, it is part of the atmosphere.

(Yet they ascribe as partners unto Him the jinn�) [6:100]. Al-Kalbi said: �This verse was revealed about the atheists who claimed that Allah and Satan were two brothers; that Allah was the creator of human beings, beasts and cattle whereas Satan was the creator of vipers, predatory animals and scorpions. Hence Allah�s saying (Yet they ascribe as partners unto Him the jinn)�.