58:22 Al-Mujaadila (The Pleading Woman)

يقول تعالى: { لَا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ يُوَادُّونَ مَنْ حَادَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ } أي: لا يجتمع هذا وهذا، فلا يكون العبد مؤمنا بالله واليوم الآخر حقيقة، إلا كان عاملا على مقتضى الإيمان ولوازمه، من محبة من قام بالإيمان وموالاته، وبغض من لم يقم به ومعاداته، ولو كان أقرب الناس إليه.وهذا هو الإيمان على الحقيقة، الذي وجدت ثمرته والمقصود منه، وأهل هذا الوصف هم الذين كتب الله في قلوبهم الإيمان أي: رسمه وثبته وغرسه غرسا، لا يتزلزل، ولا تؤثر فيه الشبه والشكوك.وهم الذين قواهم الله بروح منه أي: بوحيه، ومعونته، ومدده الإلهي وإحسانه الرباني.وهم الذين لهم الحياة الطيبة في هذه الدار، ولهم جنات النعيم في دار القرار، التي فيها من كل ما تشتهيه الأنفس، وتلذ الأعين، وتختار، ولهم أكبر النعيم وأفضله، وهو أن الله يحل عليهم رضوانه فلا يسخط عليهم أبدا، ويرضون عن ربهم بما يعطيهم من أنواع الكرامات، ووافر المثوبات، وجزيل الهبات، ورفيع الدرجات بحيث لا يرون فوق ما أعطاهم مولاهم غاية، ولا فوقه نهاية وأما من يزعم أنه يؤمن بالله واليوم الآخر، وهو مع ذلك مواد لأعداء الله، محب لمن ترك الإيمان وراء ظهره، فإن هذا إيمان زعمي لا حقيقة له، فإن كل أمر لا بد له من برهان يصدقه، فمجرد الدعوى، لا تفيد شيئا ولا يصدق صاحبها.تم تفسير قد سمع الله، بحمد الله وعونه وتسديده.والحمد لله رب العالمين، وصلى الله على محمد وسلم تسليما

ثم قال تعالى "لا تجد قوما يؤمنون بالله واليوم الآخر يوادون من حاد الله ورسوله ولو كانوا آباءهم أو أبناءهم أو إخوانهم أو عشيرتهم" أي لا يوادون المحادين ولو كانوا من الأقربين كما قال تعالى "لا يتخذ المؤمنون الكافرين أولياء من دون المؤمنين ومن يفعل ذلك فليس من الله في شيء إلا أن تتقوا منهم تقاة ويحذركم الله نفسه" الآية وقال تعالى "قل إن كان آباؤكم وأبناؤكم وإخوانكم وأزواجكم وعشيرتكم وأموال اقترفتموها وتجارة تخشون كسادها ومساكن ترضونها أحب إليكم من الله ورسوله وجهاد في سبيله فتربصوا حتى يأتي الله بأمره والله لا يهدي القوم الفاسقين" وقد قال سعيد بن عبدالعزيز وغيره أنزلت هذه الآية "لا تجد قوما يؤمنون بالله واليوم الآخر" إلى آخرها في أبي عبيدة عامر بن عبدالله بن الجراح حين قتل أباه يوم بدر ولهذا قال عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه حين جعل الأمر شورى بعده في أولئك الستة ولو كان أبو عبيدة حيا لاستخلفته وقيل في قوله تعالى "ولو كانوا آباءهم" نزلت في أبي عبيده قتل أباه يوم بدر "أو أبناءهم" في الصديق هم يومئذ بقتل ابنه عبدالرحمن "أو إخوانهم" في مصعب بن عمير قتل أخاه عبيد بن عمير يومئذ "أو عشيرتهم" في عمر قتل قريبا له يومئذ أيضا وفي حمزة وعلي وعبيدة بن الحارث قتلوا عتبة وشيبة والوليد بن عتبة يومئذ فالله أعلم "قلت" ومن هذا القبيل حين استشار رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم المسلمين في أسارى بدر فأشار الصديق بأن يفادوا فيكون ما يؤخذ منهم قوة للمسلمين وهم بنو العم والعشيرة ولعل الله تعالى أن يهديهم وقال عمر لا أرى ما رأى يا رسول الله هل تمكنني من فلان قريب لعمر فأقتله وتمكن عليا من عقيل وتمكن فلانا من فلان ليعلم الله أنه ليست في فلوبنا موادة للمشركين القصة بكمالها. وقوله تعالى "أولئك كتب في قلوبهم الإيمان وأيدهم بروح منه" أي من اتصف بأنه لا يواد من حاد الله ورسوله ولو كان أباه أو أخاه فهذا ممن كتب الله في قلبه الإيمان أي كتب له السعادة وقررها في قلبه وزين الإيمان في بصيرته قال السدي "كتب في قلوبهم الإيمان" جعل في قلوبهم الإيمان وقال ابن عباس "وأيدهم بروح منه" أي قواهم. وقوله تعالى "ويدخلهم جنات تجري من تحتها الأنهار خالدين فيها رضي الله عنهم ورضوا عنه" كل هذا تقدم تفسيره غير مرة وفي قوله تعالى "رضي الله عنهم ورضوا عنه" سر بديع وهو أنه لما سخطوا على القرائب والعشائر في الله تعالى عوضهم الله بالرضا عنهم وأرضاهم عنه بما أعطاهم من النعيم المقيم والفوز العظيم والفضل العميم وقوله تعالى "أولئك حزب الله ألا إن حزب الله هم المفلحون" أي هؤلاء حزب الله أي عباد الله وأهل كرامته وقوله تعالى "ألا إن حزب الله هم المفلحون" تنويه بفلاحهم وسعادتهم ونصرتهم في الدنيا والآخرة في مقابلة ما ذكر عن أولئك بأنهم حزب الشيطان ثم قال "ألا إن حزب الشيطان هم الخاسرون" وقد قال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا هارون بن حميد الواسطي حدثنا الفضل بن عنبسة عن رجل قد سماه فقال هو عبدالحميد بن سليمان - انقطع من كتابي - عن الذيال بن عباد قال: كتب أبو حازم الأعرج إلى الزهري: اعلم أن الجاه جاهان: جاه يجريه الله تعالى على أيدي أوليائه لأوليائه وأنهم الخامل ذكرهم الخفية شخوصهم ولقد جاءت صفتهم على لسان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "إن الله يحب الأخفياء الأتقياء الأبرياء الذين إذا غابوا لم يفتقدوا وإذا حضروا لم يدعوا قلوبهم مصابيح الهدى يخرجون من كل فتنة سوداء مظلمة" فهؤلاء أولياء الله تعالى الذين قال الله "أولئك حزب الله ألا إن حزب الله هم المفلحون" وقال نعيم بن حماد حدثنا محمد بن ثور عن يونس عن الحسن قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "اللهم لا تجعل لفاجر ولا لفاسق عندي يدا ولا نعمة فإنى وجدت فيما أوحيته إلي "لا تجد قوما يؤمنون بالله واليوم الآخر يوادون من حاد الله ورسوله" قال سفيان يرون أنها نزلت فيمن يخالط السلطان. رواه أبو أحمد العسكري. آخر تفسير سورة المجادلة ولله الحمد والمنة.

The Opponents of Allah and His Messenger are the Losers

Allah and His Messenger shall prevail Allah the Exalted asserts that the rebellious and stubborn disbelievers who defy Him and His Messenger , those who do not embrace the religion and stay away from Truth, are in one area, while the guidance is in another area,

أُوْلَـئِكَ فِى الاٌّذَلِّينَ

(They will be among those most humiliated.) they are among the miserable, the cast out, banished from goodness; they are the humiliated ones in this life and the Hereafter. Allah said,

كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لاّغْلِبَنَّ أَنَاْ وَرُسُلِى

(Allah has decreed: "Verily, I and My Messengers shall be the victorious.") meaning, He has decreed, written in the First Book, and decided in the decree that He has willed -- which can never be resisted, changed or prevented -- that final victory is for Him, His Book, His Messengers and the faithful believers, in this life and the Hereafter:

إِنَّ الْعَـقِبَةَ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ

(Surely, the (good) end is for those who have Taqwa.)(11:49),

إِنَّا لَنَنصُرُ رُسُلَنَا وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيَوْمَ يَقُومُ الاٌّشْهَـدُ - يَوْمَ لاَ يَنفَعُ الظَّـلِمِينَ مَعْذِرَتُهُمْ وَلَهُمُ الْلَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ

(Verily, We will indeed make victorious Our Messengers and those who believe in the life of this world and on the Day when the witnesses will stand forth, the Day when their excuses will be of no profit to the wrongdoers. Theirs will be the curse, and theirs will be the evil abode.)(40:51-52) Allah said here,

كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لاّغْلِبَنَّ أَنَاْ وَرُسُلِى إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِىٌّ عَزِيزٌ

(Allah has decreed: "Verily, I and My Messengers shall be the victorious." Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, Almighty.) meaning, the Almighty, All-Powerful has decreed that He shall prevail over His enemies. Indeed, this is the final judgement and a matter ordained; the final triumph and victory are for the believers in this life and the Hereafter

The Believers do not befriend the Disbelievers

Allah the Exalted said,

لاَّ تَجِدُ قَوْماً يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاٌّخِرِ يُوَآدُّونَ مَنْ حَآدَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَوْ كَانُواْ ءَابَآءَهُمْ أَوْ أَبْنَآءَهُمْ أَوْ إِخْوَنَهُمْ أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ

(You will not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day, making friendship with those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even though they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their kindred.) Meaning, do not befriend the deniers, even if they are among the closest relatives. Allah said,

لاَّ يَتَّخِذِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَىْءٍ إِلاَ أَن تَتَّقُواْ مِنْهُمْ تُقَـةً وَيُحَذِّرْكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ

(Let not the believers take the disbelievers as friends instead of the believers, and whoever does that will never be helped by Allah in any way, except if you indeed fear a danger from them. And Allah warns you against Himself.) (3:28), and,

قُلْ إِن كَانَ ءَابَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَآؤُكُمْ وَإِخْوَنُكُمْ وَأَزْوَجُكُمْ وَعَشِيرَتُكُمْ وَأَمْوَلٌ اقْتَرَفْتُمُوهَا وَتِجَـرَةٌ تَخْشَوْنَ كَسَادَهَا وَمَسَـكِنُ تَرْضَوْنَهَآ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكُمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَجِهَادٍ فِي سَبِيلِهِ فَتَرَبَّصُواْ حَتَّى يَأْتِىَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ وَاللَّهُ لاَ يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الْفَـسِقِينَ

(Say: If your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your wives, your kindred, the wealth that you have gained, the commerce in which you fear a decline, and the dwellings in which you delight are dearer to you than Allah and His Messenger, and striving hard and fighting in His cause, then wait until Allah brings about His decision (torment). And Allah guides not the people who are the rebellious.)(9:24) Sa`id bin `Abdul-`Aziz and others said that this Ayah,

لاَّ تَجِدُ قَوْماً يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاٌّخِرِ

(You will not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day...) was revealed in the case of Abu `Ubaydah `Amir bin `Abdullah bin Al-Jarrah when he killed his disbelieving father, during the battle of Badr. This is why when `Umar bin Al-Khattab placed the matter of Khilafah in the consultation of six men after him, he said; "If Abu `Ubaydah were alive, I would have appointed him the Khalifah." It was also said that the Ayah,

وَلَوْ كَانُواْ ءَابَآءَهُمْ

(even though they were their fathers), was revealed in the case of Abu `Ubaydah, when he killed his father during the battle of Badr, while the Ayah,

أَوْ أَبْنَآءَهُمْ

(or their sons) was revealed in the case of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq when he intended to kill his (disbelieving) son, `Abdur-Rahman, (during Badr), while the Ayah,

أَوْ إِخْوَنَهُمْ

(or their brothers) was revealed about the case of Mus`ab bin `Umayr, who killed his brother, `Ubayd bin `Umayr, during Badr, and that the Ayah,

أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ

(or their kindred) was revealed about the case of `Umar, who killed one of his relatives during Badr, and also that this Ayah was revealed in the case of Hamzah, `Ali and Ubaydah bin Al-Harith. They killed their close relatives `Utbah, Shaybah and Al-Walid bin `Utbah that day. Allah knows best. A similar matter is when Allah's Messenger ﷺ consulted with his Companions about what should be done with the captives of Badr. Abu Bakr As-Siddiq thought that they should accept ransom for them so the Muslims could use the money to strengthen themselves. He mentioned the fact that the captured were the cousins and the kindred, and that they might embrace Islam later on, by Allah's help. `Umar said, "But I have a different opinion, O Allah's Messenger! Let me kill so-and-so, my relative, and let `Ali kill `Aqil (`Ali's brother), and so-and-so kill so-and-so. Let us make it known to Allah that we have no mercy in our hearts for the idolators." Allah said,

أُوْلَـئِكَ كَتَبَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ الإِيمَـنَ وَأَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ

(For such He has written faith in their hearts, and strengthened them with Ruh from Himself.) means, those who have the quality of not befriending those who oppose Allah and His Messenger , even if they are their fathers or brothers, are those whom Allah has decreed faith, meaning, happiness, in their hearts and made faith dear to their hearts and happiness reside therein. As-Suddi said that the Ayah,

كَتَبَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ الإِيمَـنَ

(He has written faith in their hearts,) means, "He has placed faith in their hearts." Ibn `Abbas said that,

وَأَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ

(and strengthened them with Ruh from Himself.) means, "He gave them strengths." Allah's statement,

وَيُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الاٌّنْهَـرُ خَـلِدِينَ فِيهَا رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُواْ عَنْهُ

(And He will admit them to Gardens under which rivers flow, to dwell therein. Allah is well pleased with them, and they are well pleased with Him.) was explained several times before. Allah's statement,

رِّضِىَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُواْ عَنْهُ

(Allah is well pleased with them, and they are well pleased with Him.) contains a beautiful secret. When the believers became enraged against their relatives and kindred in Allah's cause, He compensated them by being pleased with them and making them pleased with Him from what He has granted them of eternal delight, ultimate victory and encompassing favor. Allah's statement,

أُوْلَـئِكَ حِزْبُ اللَّهِ أَلاَ إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

(They are the party of Allah. Verily, the party of Allah will be the successful.) indicates that they are the party of Allah, meaning, His servants who are worthy of earning His honor. Allah's statement,

أَلاَ إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

(Verily, the party of Allah will be the successful.) asserts their success, happiness and triumph in this life and the Hereafter, in contrast to those, who are the party of the devil,

أَلاَ إِنَّ حِزْبَ الشَّيْطَـنِ هُمُ الخَـسِرُونَ

(Verily, the party of Shaytan will be the losers!) This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Mujadilah. All praise and thanks are due to Allah.

You will not find a people who believe in God and the Last Day loving befriending those who oppose God and His Messenger even though they the opposers were their fathers that is to say the believers’ fathers or their sons or their brothers or their clan rather you will find that they intend to do them harm and they fight them over the question of faith as occurred on one occasion with some Companions may God be pleased with them. For those the ones who are not loving of them He has inscribed He has established faith upon their hearts and reinforced them with a spirit a light from Him exalted be He and He will admit them into gardens underneath which rivers flow wherein they will abide God being pleased with them for their obedience of Him and they being pleased with Him because of His reward. Those they are God’s confederates following His command and refraining from what He has forbidden. Assuredly it is God’s confederates who are the successful the winners.

Believers cannot entertain intimacy with non-Believers

لَّا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّـهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ‌ يُوَادُّونَ مَنْ حَادَّ اللَّـهَ وَرَ‌سُولَهُ وَلَوْ كَانُوا آبَاءَهُمْ (You shall not find those who believe in Allah and in the Hereafter having friendship with those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even though they were their fathers....58:22). The preceding verses showed that those [ hypocrites ] who are in intimate friendship with unbelievers and pagans shall incur Allah's wrath, indignation and severe torment. This verse describes the condition of sincere believers who would not take an enemy of Faith, the opponents of Allah, for intimacy and friendship, even though such people are their own fathers, children, brothers or any other blood relatives. The bond of belief transcends all other bonds, even the close ties of blood. This description fits all noble Companions ؓ . Commentators on this occasion have cited a number of incidents of the blessed Companions which describe how, when they heard their fathers, sons and brothers or other blood relations utter blasphemy against Islam or the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ، they left all ties aside and punished them or even killed them.

` Abdullah, the son of ` Abdullah Ibn 'Ubayy, the leader of the hypocrites in Madinah, heard his father make some blasphemous remarks against the Holy Prophet ﷺ . The son came up to the Holy Prophet ﷺ and sought his permission to kill his father. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stopped him. Sayyidna Abu Bakr ؓ heard his father, Abu Quhafah, uttering some insulting words against the Holy Prophet ﷺ . The most compassionate Siddiq ؓ became indignant and unexpectedly gave him such a hard slap that he fell down. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard about it, he advised Abu Bakr Siddiq ؓ not do it again. In the battle of Uhud, Sayyidna Abu ` Ubaidah's father, Jarrah, was fighting on the side of the unbelievers against the Muslims. In the battlefield, while the battle was on, he purposely came time and again face to face with Sayyidna Abu ` Ubaidah ؓ and pursued him. Every time his father came in front of him, Sayyidna Abu ` Ubaidah ؓ would, as a mark of respect, move out. But when he persisted, Sayyidna Abu ` Ubaidah ؓ had no choice but to kill him. The biography of the blessed Companions is replete with similar incidents. The present set of verses was revealed to laud them. [ Qurtubi ]

Ruling

Many jurists have ruled that this rule applies equally to all Muslims who transgress or violate the sacred laws of Shari’ ah or in their practical life turn away from them, in that the sincere Muslims should not maintain an intimate friendship or relationship with such transgressors. As explained earlier, Muwalah [ intimate friendship ] with a fasiq [ transgressors ] is not possible because intimacy with them is possible if and only if the germs of fisq [ transgression ] are lurking in the people befriending them. Muwasah [ sympathy ] and Mu'amalat [ dealings ] or Mudarah [ cordiality ] are, however, a different matter to the degree of necessity. This is the reason why the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to pray: اَللَّھُمَّ لَا تَجعَلَ لِفَاجِرِ عَلَیَّ یَداً "0 Allah, do not give any transgressor the upper hand over me." The Messenger of Allah prayed thus because if anyone has the upper hand in a situation, he is most likely to get his own way. He will, for instance, show kindness to people and thus gain the upper hand; and the noble persons, on account of the kindness, will feel obliged or duty-bound to return his kindness with love. Thus the Messenger of Allah sought refuge with Allah from this situation. [ Qurtubi ]

وَأَيَّدَهُم بِرُ‌وحٍ مِّنْهُ (...and has helped them with a Spirit from Him....58:22) The word ruh, according to some authorities on Tafsir, stands for 'light', which radiates or emanates from Allah and enters the heart of a believer which urges him to perform righteous deeds, and is the source of peace and contentment of the heart. This tranquility and satisfaction is the source of great strength and power. Other authorities say that this word stands for the Holy Qur'an and the arguments of the Holy Qur'an. This is the real strength and power of a believer. [ Qurtubi ] Allah, the Pure and Exalted, knows best!

Alhamdulillah

The Commentary on

Surah A1-Mujadalah

Ends here.

(Thou wilt not find folk who believe in Allah and the Last Day loving those who oppose Allah and His messenger�) [58:22]. Said Ibn Jurayj: �It was related to me that Abu Quhafah insulted the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, and as a result Abu Bakr [his son] struck him with such force that he fell to the ground. Abu Bakr mentioned this to the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, who exclaimed: 'Did you really do it?' Abu Bakr said: 'Yes!' 'In that case do not do it again!' said the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace. Abu Bakr said: 'By Allah, if a sword were at my reach I would have killed him!' And so Allah, glorified and exalted is He, revealed this verse�. It is also related that Ibn Mas'ud said: �This verse was revealed about Abu 'Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah who killed his father 'Abd Allah at the Battle of Uhud�. It was also revealed about Abu Bakr who challenged his own son for a duel at the Battle of Badr. He said: �O Messenger of Allah, let me be among the first group [of martyrs]�. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said to him: �Preserve yourself for us, O Abu Bakr! Do you not know that you are to me like my hearing and sight?� The verse was also revealed about Mus'ab ibn 'Umayr who killed his brother 'Umayr ibn 'Umayr at the Battle of Uhud. And it was also revealed about 'Umar [ibn al-Khattab] who killed his maternal uncle al-'As ibn Hisham ibn al-Mughirah at the Battle of Badr. And it was also revealed about 'Ali, Hamzah and 'Ubaydah who killed 'Utbah ibn Rabi'ah, Shaybah ibn Rabi'ah and al-Walid ibn 'Utbah respectively at the Battle of Badr. Hence His words (even though they be their fathers or their sons or their brethren or their clan).