58:13 Al-Mujaadila (The Pleading Woman)

ثم لما رأى تبارك وتعالى شفقة المؤمنين، ومشقة الصدقات عليهم عند كل مناجاة، سهل الأمر عليهم، ولم يؤاخذهم بترك الصدقة بين يدي المناجاة، وبقي التعظيم للرسول والاحترام بحاله لم ينسخ، لأن هذا الحكم من باب المشروع لغيره، ليس مقصودا لنفسه، وإنما المقصود هو الأدب مع الرسول والإكرام له، وأمرهم تعالى أن يقوموا بالمأمورات الكبار المقصودة بنفسها، فقال: { فَإِذْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا } أي: لم يهن عليكم تقديم الصدقة، ولا يكفي هذا، فإنه ليس من شرط الأمر أن يكون هينا على العبد، ولهذا قيده بقوله: { وَتَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ } أي: عفا لكم عن ذلك، { فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ } بأركانها وشروطها، وجميع حدودها ولوازمها، { وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ } المفروضة [في أموالكم] إلى مستحقيها.وهاتان العبادتان هما أم العبادات البدنية والمالية، فمن قام بهما على الوجه الشرعي، فقد قام بحقوق الله وحقوق عباده، [ولهذا قال بعده:] { وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ } وهذا أشمل ما يكون من الأوامر.ويدخل في ذلك طاعة الله [وطاعة] رسوله، بامتثال أوامرهما واجتناب نواهيهما، وتصديق ما أخبرا به، والوقوف عند حدود الله والعبرة في ذلك على الإخلاص والإحسان، ولهذا قال: { وَاللَّهُ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ } فيعلم تعالى أعمالهم، وعلى أي: وجه صدرت، فيجازيهم على حسب علمه بما في صدورهم.

قال تعالى "أأشفقتم أن تقدموا بين يدي نجواكم صدقات" أي أخفتم من استمرار هذا الحكم عليكم من وجوب الصدقة قبل مناجاة الرسول "فإذا لم تفعلوا وتاب الله عليكم فأقيموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة وأطيعوا الله ورسوله والله خبير بما تعملون" فنسخ وجوب ذلك عنهم وقد قيل إنه لم يعمل بهذه الآية قبل نسخها سوى علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه قال ابن أبي نجيح عن مجاهد قال نهوا عن مناجاة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم حتى يتصدقوا فلم يناجه إلا علي بن أبي طالب قدم دينارا صدقة تصدق به ثم ناجى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فسأله عن عشر خصال ثم أنزلت الرخصة وقال ليث بن أبي سليم عن مجاهد قال علي رضي الله عنه: آية في كتاب الله عز وجل لم يعمل بها أحد قبلي ولا يعمل بها أحد بعدي كان عندي دينار فصرفته بعشرة دراهم فكنت إذا ناجيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم تصدقت بدرهم فنسخت ولم يعمل بها أحد قبلي ولا يعمل بها أحد بعدى ثم تلا هذه الآية "يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا ناجيتم الرسول فقدموا بين يدي نجواكم صدقة" الآية. وقال ابن جرير حدثنا ابن حميد حدثنا مهران عن سفيان عن عثمان بن المغيرة عن سالم بن أبي الجعد عن علي بن علقمة الأنماري عن علي رضي الله عنه قال: قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ما ترى دينار ؟" قال لا يطيقون قال "نصف دينار" قال لا يطيقون قال "ما ترى ؟" قال شعيرة فقال له النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم "إنك لزهيد" قال فنزلت "أأشفقتم أن تقدموا بين يدي نجواكم صدقات" قال علي: في خفف الله عن هذه الأمة. ورواه الترمذي عن سفيان بن وكيع عن يحيى بن آدم عن عبيدالله الأشجعي عن سفيان الثوري عن عثمان بن المغيرة الثقفي عن سالم بن أبي الجعد عن على بن علقمة الأنماري عن علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه قال لما نزلت "يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا ناجيتم الرسول فقدموا بين يدي نجواكم صدقة" إلى آخرها قال لي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم "ما ترى دينار ؟" قال لا يطيقونه وذكره بتمامه مثله. ثم قال هذا حديث حسن غريب إنما نعرفة من هذا الوجه ثم قال ومعنى قوله شعيرة يعني وزن شعيرة من ذهب ورواه أبو يعلى عن أبي بكر بن أبي شيبة عن يحيى بن آدم به. وقال العوفي عن ابن عباس في قوله تعالى "يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا ناجيتم الرسول فقدموا بين يدي نجواكم صدقة- إلى - فإن الله غفور رحيم" كان المسلمون يقدمون بين يدي النجوى صدقة فلما نزلت الزكاه نسخ هذا. وقال علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس قوله "فقدموا بين يدي نجواكم صدقة" وذلك أن المسلمين أكثروا المسائل على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حتى شقوا عليه فأراد الله أن يخفف عن نبيه عليه السلام فلما قال ذلك جبن كثير من المسلمين وكفوا عن المسئلة فأنزل الله بعد هذا "أأشفقتم أن تقدموا بين يدي نجواكم صدقات فإذا لم تفعلوا وتاب الله عليكم فأقيموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة" فوسع الله عليهم ولم يضيق. وقال عكرمة والحسن البصري في قوله تعالى "فقدموا بين يدي نجواكم صدقة" نسختها الآية التي بعدها "أأشفقتم أن تقدموا بين يدي نجواكم صدقات" إلى آخرها. وقال سعيد بن أبي عروبة عن قتاده ومقاتل بن حيان سأل الناس رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حتى أحفوه بالمسألة ففطمهم الله بهذه الآية فكان الرجل منهم إذا كانت له الحاجة إلى نبي الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فلا يستطيع أن يقضيها حتى يقدم بين يديه صدقه فاشتد ذلك عليهم فأنزل الله الرخصة بعد ذلك "فإن لم تجدوا فإن الله غفور رحيم" وقال معمر عن قتادة "إذا ناجيتم الرسول فقدموا بين يدي نجواكم صدقة" إنها منسوخة ما كانت إلا ساعة من نهار وهكذا روى عبدالرزاق أخبرنا معمر عن أيوب عن مجاهد قال علي: ما عمل بها أحد غيري حتى نسخت وأحسبه قال وما كانت إلا ساعة.

The Order to give Charity before One speaks to the Prophet in private

Allah commanded His believing servants, when any of them wanted to speak with Allah's Messenger ﷺ in secret, to give away charity beforehand so that his charity cleanses and purifies him and makes him worthy of having a private counsel with the Prophet . This is why Allah the Exalted said,

ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ وَأَطْهَرُ

(That will be better and purer for you.) then He said,

فَإِن لَّمْ تَجِدُواْ

(But if you find not.) meaning, if he is unable to do so due to poverty,

فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

(then verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) He only commanded those who are financially able to give this type of charity. Allah the Exalted said,

أَءَشْفَقْتُمْ أَن تُقَدِّمُواْ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ نَجْوَكُمْ صَدَقَـتٍ

(Are you afraid of spending in charity before your private consultation) meaning, are you afraid that the order to give charity before speaking privately to the Prophet remains in effect forever

فَإِذْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُواْ وَتَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَقِيمُواْ الصَّلوةَ وَءَاتُواْ الزَّكَوةَ وَأَطِيعُواْ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَاللَّهُ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ

(If then you do it not, and Allah has forgiven you, then perform Salah and give Zakah and obey Allah and His Messenger. And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) Therefore, Allah abrogated the obligation of giving this charity. It was said that none has implemented this command before except its abrogation, `Ali bin Abi Talib. `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas:

فَقَدِّمُواْ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ نَجْوَكُمْ صَدَقَةً

(spend something in charity before your private consultation.) "The Muslims kept asking Allah's Messenger ﷺ questions until it became difficult on him. Allah wanted to lighten the burden from His Prophet , upon him be peace. So when He said this, many Muslims were afraid to pay this charity and stopped asking. Afterwards, Allah sent down this Ayah,

أَءَشْفَقْتُمْ أَن تُقَدِّمُواْ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ نَجْوَكُمْ صَدَقَـتٍ فَإِذْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُواْ وَتَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَقِيمُواْ الصَّلوةَ وَءَاتُواْ الزَّكَوةَ

(Are you afraid of spending in charity before your private consultation If then you do it not, and Allah has forgiven you, then perform Salah and give Zakah) Thus Allah made things easy and lenient for them." `Ikrimah and Al-Hasan Al-Basri commented on Allah's statement:

فَقَدِّمُواْ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ نَجْوَكُمْ صَدَقَةً

(spend something in charity before your private consultation.) "This was abrogated by the next Ayah:

أَءَشْفَقْتُمْ أَن تُقَدِّمُواْ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ نَجْوَكُمْ صَدَقَـتٍ

(Are you afraid of spending in charity before your private consultation...)." Sa`id bin Abi `Arubah reported from Qatadah and Muqatil bin Hayyan, "People kept questioning Allah's Messenger ﷺ until they made things difficult for him. Allah provided a way to stop their behavior by this Ayah. One of them would need to speak to Allah's Prophet about a real matter, but could not do so until he gave in charity. This became hard on people and Allah sent down relief from this requirement afterwards,

فَإِن لَّمْ تَجِدُواْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

(But if you find not, then verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful)." Ma`mar reported from Qatadah that the Ayah,

إِذَا نَـجَيْتُمُ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدِّمُواْ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ نَجْوَكُمْ صَدَقَةً

(When you (want to) consult the Messenger in private, spend something in charity before your private consultation.) was abrogated after being in effect for only one hour of a day. `Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Mujahid said that `Ali said, "No one except me implemented this Ayah, until it was abrogated," and he was reported to have said that it remained in effect for merely an hour.

Do you fear read a-ashfaqtum either pronouncing both hamzas fully or by replacing the second one with an alif or not pronouncing it but inserting an alif between the one not unpronounced and the other one or without this insertion poverty when you fear to offer voluntary alms before your secret talks. So as you did not do this giving of voluntary alms and God relented to you waiving this requirement for you maintain prayer and pay the alms and obey God and His Messenger that is to say observe these duties regularly. For God is Aware of what you do.

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نَاجَيْتُمُ الرَّ‌سُولَ (0 those who believe, when you consult the Messenger of Allah, ...58:12) The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was preoccupied day and night with educating the people and improving their quality of life. In his general assemblies, all the members of the audience benefited from his teachings. However, there were people who wanted private meetings with the Holy Prophet ﷺ and he would grant them that. Obviously, it was not possible to grant everyone's request as it required time and effort, and that was difficult. The hypocrites made matters worse when they asked for private audiences with the Holy Prophet ﷺ in order to hurt the sincere Muslims. Besides, the hypocrites held protracted conferences with him. Some of the illiterate Muslims also held private audiences with him for a longer time than normal or necessary. This made things difficult for him. Allah provided a way to stop their irksome behaviour by this verse which lightened the burden of the Holy Prophet ﷺ . Initially, the verse provided that anyone who wishes to hold a private conference with him must advance a freewill charity, the amount or measure of which is not specified in the Qur'an. However, when this verse was revealed Sayyidna ` Ali رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہ was the first Companion to act upon it: He offered one Dinar in charity and requested a private audience with the Prophet ﷺ .

Only Sayyidna ` Ali ؓ Acted upon the verse

It is a remarkable co-incidence that most of the blessed Companions ؓ ، because of financial constraints, were unable to act upon this verse. Its provision was repealed. Sayyidna Ali ؓ used to say that there is a verse in the Qur'an that none before me and none after me has ever acted upon it. The meaning of the phrase 'none before me' is obvious. The phrase 'none after me' means 'none after me will practise it' because the verse is abrogated. Although the ordinance is repealed, it achieved its basic purpose. The Muslims, because of the dictates of their sincere love, avoided their protracted audiences with the Prophet ﷺ so that he is not inconvenienced in any way. The hypocrites avoided protracted audiences with him because they feared that they would be recognized for what they are and their hypocrisy would be exposed. Allah knows best!

(O ye who believe! When ye hold conference with the messenger�) [58:12-13]. Muqatil ibn Hayyan said: �This was revealed about the rich. This is because they used to go to the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, and converse with him at length. In this fashion, they always beat the poor to the assemblies to the extent that the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, disliked their prolonged sitting and conference. Allah, glorified and exalted is He, therefore revealed this verse and commanded that alms be given upon each conference with the Prophet. As for those who had straitened means, they did not have anything to give for alms, while those who were well off were niggardly. The Companions of the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, found this tough and so a dispensation was revealed�. �Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be well pleased with him, said: �There is one verse in the Book of Allah that no one has applied before me nor is there anyone who has applied it after me. [It is] (O ye who believe! When ye hold conference with the messenger�). I had a piece of gold which I exchanged for silver pieces and whenever I conferred with the Messenger I spent one silver piece in charity until I spent them all. Then the verse was abrogated with another verse (Fear ye to offer alms before your conference?... and they will fancy that they have some standing. Lo! is it not they who are the liars?) [58:13]�.