57:25 Al-Hadid (The Iron)

يقول تعالى: { لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ } وهي الأدلة والشواهد والعلامات الدالة على صدق ما جاءوا به وحقيته.{ وَأَنْزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ } وهو اسم جنس يشمل سائر الكتب التي أنزلها الله لهداية الخلق وإرشادهم، إلى ما ينفعهم في دينهم ودنياهم، { وَالْمِيزَانَ } وهو العدل في الأقوال والأفعال، والدين الذي جاءت به الرسل، كله عدل وقسط في الأوامر والنواهي وفي معاملات الخلق، وفي الجنايات والقصاص والحدود [والمواريث وغير ذلك]، وذلك { لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ } قياما بدين الله، وتحصيلا لمصالحهم التي لا يمكن حصرها وعدها، وهذا دليل على أن الرسل متفقون في قاعدة الشرع، وهو القيام بالقسط، وإن اختلفت أنواع العدل، بحسب الأزمنة والأحوال، { وَأَنْزَلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ } من آلات الحرب، كالسلاح والدروع وغير ذلك.{ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ } وهو ما يشاهد من نفعه في أنواع الصناعات والحرف، والأواني وآلات الحرث، حتى إنه قل أن يوجد شيء إلا وهو يحتاج إلى الحديد.{ وَلِيَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَنْصُرُهُ وَرُسُلَهُ بِالْغَيْبِ } أي: ليقيم تعالى سوق الامتحان بما أنزله من الكتاب والحديد، فيتبين من ينصره وينصر رسله في حال الغيب، التي ينفع فيها الإيمان قبل الشهادة، التي لا فائدة بوجود الإيمان فيها، لأنه حينئذ يكون ضروريا.{ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ } أي: لا يعجزه شيء، ولا يفوته هارب، ومن قوته وعزته أن أنزل الحديد الذي منه الآلات القوية، ومن قوته وعزته أنه قادر على الانتصار من أعدائه، ولكنه يبتلي أولياءه بأعدائه، ليعلم من ينصره بالغيب، وقرن تعالى في هذا الموضع بين الكتاب والحديد، لأن بهذين الأمرين ينصر الله دينه، ويعلي كلمته بالكتاب الذي فيه الحجة والبرهان والسيف الناصر بإذن الله، وكلاهما قيامه بالعدل والقسط، الذي يستدل به على حكمة الباري وكماله، وكمال شريعته التي شرعها على ألسنة رسله.

يقول تعالى "لقد أرسلنا رسلنا بالبينات" أي بالمعجزات والحجج الباهرات والدلائل القاطعات "وأنزلنا معهم الكتاب" وهو النقل الصدق "والميزان" وهو العدل قاله مجاهد وقتادة وغيرهما وهو الحق الذي تشهد به العقول الصحيحة المستقيمة المخالفة للآراء السقيمة كما قال تعالى "أفمن كان على بينة من ربه ويتلوه شاهد منه" وقال تعالى "فطرة الله التى فطر الناس عليها" وقال تعالى "والسماء رفعها ووضع الميزان" ولهذا قال في هذه الآية "ليقوم الناس بالقسط " أي بالحق والعدل وهو اتباع الرسل فيما أخبروا به وطاعتهم فيما أمروا به فإن الذي جاؤوا به هو الحق الذي ليس وراءه حق كما قال "وتمت كلمة ربك صدقا وعدلا" أي صدقا في الإخبار وعدلا في الأوامر والنواهي ولهذا يقول المؤمنون إذا تبؤوا غرف الجنات والمنازل العاليات والسرر المصفوفات "الحمد لله الذي هدانا لهذا وما كنا لنهتدى لولا أن هدانا الله لقد جاءت رسل ربنا بالحق" وقوله تعالى "وأنزلنا الحديد فيه بأس شديد" أي وجعلنا الحديد رادعا لمن أبى الحق وعانده بعد قيام الحجة عليه ولهذا أقام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بمكة بعد النبوة ثلاث عشرة سنة توحى إليه السور المكية وكلها جدال مع المشركين وبيان وإيضاح للتوحيد وبينات ودلالات فلما قامت الحجة على من خالف شرع الله الهجرة وأمرهم بالقتال بالسيوف وضرب الرقاب والهام لمن خالف القرآن وكذب به وعانده. وقد روى الإمام أحمد وأبو داود من حديث عبدالرحمن بن ثابت بن ثوبان عن حسان بن عطية عن أبي المنيب الجرشي الشامي عن ابن عمر قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم"بعثت بالسيف بين يدي الساعة حتى يعبد الله وحده لا شريك له وجعل رزقي تحت ظل رمحي وجعل الذلة والصغار على من خالف أمري ومن تشبه بقوم فهو منهم" ولهذا قال تعالى "فيه بأس شديد" يعني السلاح كالسيوف والحراب والسنان والنصال والدروع ونحوها "ومنافع للناس" أي في معايشهم كالسكة والفأس والقدوم والمنشار والأزميل والمجرفة والآلات التي يستعان بها في الحراثة والحياكة والطبخ والخبز وما لا قوام للناس بدونه وغير ذلك. قال علباء بن أحمد عن عكرمة أن ابن عباس قال: ثلاثة أشياء نزلت مع آدم السندان والكلبتان والميقعة يعني المطرقة. رواه ابن جرير وابن أبي حاتم وقوله تعالى "وليعلم الله من ينصره ورسله بالغيب" أي من نيته في حمل السلاح نصرة الله ورسوله "إن الله قوي عزيز" أي هو قوي عزيز ينصر من نصره من غير احتياج منه إلى الناس وإنما شرع الجهاد ليبلو بعضكم ببعض.

The Prophets were given Miracles and Sent with truth and Justice

Allah the Exalted said next,

لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَـتِ

(Indeed We have sent Our Messengers with clear proofs) in reference to the miracles, the unequivocal evidences and the plain proofs,

وَأَنزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَـبَ

(and revealed with them the Scripture) which contains the true text,

وَالْمِيزَانَ

(and the Mizan), that is, justice, according to Mujahid, Qatadah and others. This Ayah refers to the truth that is attested to by the sound, straight minds that oppose misguided opinions and ideas, just as Allah said in other Ayat,

أَفَمَن كَانَ عَلَى بَيِّنَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّهِ وَيَتْلُوهُ شَاهِدٌ مِّنْهُ

(Can they (Muslims) who rely on a clear proof from their Lord, and whom a witness from Him follows it (be equal with the disbelievers).)(11:17),

فِطْرَةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِى فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا

(Allah's Fitra (religion) with which He has created mankind.) (30:30), and,

وَالسَّمَآءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ الْمِيزَانَ

(And the heaven: He has raised it high, and He has set up the Mizan.)(55:7) This is why Allah said here,

لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ

(that mankind may keep up justice), truth and fairness that is found in the obedience of the Messengers, in all that they conveyed from their Lord, and following all they commanded. Surely, what the Prophets brought forth is the truth, beyond which there is no truth, just as Allah said,

وَتَمَّتْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ صِدْقاً وَعَدْلاً

(And the Word of your Lord has been fulfilled in truth and in justice.)(6:115), His Word is true in what it conveys, and just in all its orders and prohibitions. This is why the believers say, when they take up their rooms in Paradise and assume their high grades and lined thrones,

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِى هَدَانَا لِهَـذَا وَمَا كُنَّا لِنَهْتَدِىَ لَوْلا أَنْ هَدَانَا اللَّهُ لَقَدْ جَآءَتْ رُسُلُ رَبِّنَا بِالْحَقِّ

(All praise is due to Allah, Who has guided us to this, and never could we have found guidance, were it not that Allah had guided us! Indeed, the Messengers of our Lord did come with the truth.)(7:43)

The Benefits of Iron

Allah said,

وَأَنزْلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ

(And We brought forth iron wherein is mighty power,) meaning, `We made iron a deterrent for those who refuse the truth and oppose it after the proof has been established against them.' Allah's Messenger ﷺ remained in Makkah for thirteen years. During that time, the revelation continued being sent to him, containing arguments against the idolators and explaining Tawhid with detail and proofs. When the evidence was established against those who defied the Messenger ﷺ, Allah decreed the Hijrah. Then He ordered the believers to fight the disbelievers using swords, using them to strike the necks and foreheads of those who opposed, rejected and denied the Qur'an. Imam Ahmad and Abu Dawud recorded that `Abdullah bin `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«بُعِثْتُ بِالسَّيْفِ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ السَّاعَةِ حَتْى يُعْبَدَ اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَجُعِلَ رِزْقِي تَحْتَ ظِلِّ رُمْحِي، وَجُعِلَ الذِّلَّةُ والصَّغَارُ عَلَى مَنْ خَالَفَ أَمْرِي، وَمَنْ تَشَبَّهَ بِقَوْمٍ فَهُوَ مِنْهُم»

(I was sent with the sword just before the Hour so that Allah be worshipped alone without partners. My provision was placed under the shadow of my spear, and those who defy my order were disgraced and humiliated, and he who imitates a people is one of them.) This is why Allah the Exalted said,

فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ

(wherein is mighty power,) in reference to weapons, such as swords, spears, daggers, arrows, shields, and so forth,

وَمَنَـفِعُ لِلنَّاسِ

(as well as many benefits for mankind,) meaning, in their livelihood, such as using it to make coins, hammers, axes, saws chisels, shovels and various tools that people use for tilting the land, sowing, cooking, making dough and manufacturing other objects necessary for their livelihood. Allah's statement,

وَلِيَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ مَن يَنصُرُهُ وَرُسُلَهُ بِالْغَيْبِ

(that Allah may test who it is that will help Him (His religion) and His Messengers in the unseen.) meaning, whose intention by carrying weapons is the defense of Allah (His religion) and His Messenger,

إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِىٌّ عَزِيزٌ

(Verily, Allah is Powerful, Almighty.) meaning, surely, Allah is Powerful, Almighty, and He gives victory to those who give victory and aid to Him. However, Allah does not need mankind's help, but He ordered Jihad to test people with each other.

We have verily sent Our messengers the angels to prophets with clear signs with the definitive proofs and We revealed with them the Scripture and the Balance justice so that mankind may uphold justice. And We sent down iron We caused it to be extracted from mineral ores wherein is great might with which one may wage battle and many uses for mankind and so that God may know a knowledge of direct vision li-ya‘lama’Llāhu is a supplement to li-yaqūma’l-nāsu ‘so that mankind may uphold’ those who help Him by helping to uphold His religion through the use of instruments of war made of metal and otherwise and His messengers through the Unseen bi’l-ghaybi a circumstantial qualifier referring to the suffixed pronoun hā’ ‘Him’ of yansuruhu ‘who aid Him’ that is to say while He God is not seen by them in this world. Ibn ‘Abbās said ‘They help Him even though they do not see Him’ yansurūnahu wa-lā yubsirūnahu. Assuredly God is Strong Mighty without any need of being helped but such help benefits those who proffer it.

Establishing Justice: The Real Purpose of sending Prophets and Divine Books

لَقَدْ أَرْ‌سَلْنَا رُ‌سُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَنزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْمِيزَانَ لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ ۖ وَأَنزَلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ

We have indeed sent Our messengers with clear proofs, and sent down with them the Book and the Balance, so that people may uphold justice. And We sent down iron in which there is strong power, and benefits for the people; and [ We did it ] so that Allah knows the one who helps Him and His messengers without seeing [ Him ]. Surely Allah is Strong, Mighty (57:25)

The word bayyinat means 'clear' or 'evident' things. It could also mean 'clear injunctions'. It may refer to 'miracles, clear proofs and evidences of Prophet-hood and Messenger-ship. [ Ibn Kathir and Ibn Hayyan ]. After bayyinat, the mention sending down the Book supports the last interpretation, that is, bayyinat refers to 'miracles and proofs' and that 'the Book' sets out details of injunctions. In addition to the Book, another thing has been mentioned, which is mizan [ Balance or Scale ]. Originally, this word refers to an instrument of weighing. Besides the customary balance, there are other kinds of instruments that are invented from time to time to weigh and measure other things. For example, nowadays we have instruments with which to weigh and measure 'light', 'wind' and other things. All these instruments will fall under the category of 'mizan [ Balance ].

This verse speaks of sending down 'the Balance' like 'the Book'. The notion of the Book coming down from the heaven and reaching the prophets through the agency of the angels is quite understandable. But it is not clear what it means for the Balance to come down. Ruh-ul-Ma’ ani, Mazhari and others have explained that 'the coming down of Balance' refers to the Divine laws that were revealed pertaining to the use of the Balance and administration of justice. Qurtubi explains that it was the Book that was sent down, the Balance has been merely appended to the same verb but connoting the sense of inventing and placing. This is quite common in Arabic language and literature. Thus this sentence in full will read as follows: انزَلنَا الکِتاب وَ وَضَعنَا المِیزَان (We sent down the Book and placed the Scale.) The readers may compare this verse with verse [ 7] of Surah Ar-Rahman وَالسَّمَاءَ رَ‌فَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ الْمِيزَانَ (And He raised the sky high, and placed the scale...55:7) where Scale is said to have been set up or placed.

Some Traditions narrate that a balance was actually sent down from the heavens to Sayyidna Nuh (علیہ السلام) and he was enjoined to weigh with it and fulfill the rights of people. Allah knows best!

Alongside 'the Book ' and 'the Balance', a third thing was sent down, that is, 'the iron'. The verb 'sent down' in relation to the iron stands for 'created' because it was not sent down from the heaven. There are other occasions where the verb anzala [ He sent down ] is used in the sense of khalaqa [ He created ], as for instance in this وَأَنزَلَ لَكُم مِّنَ الْأَنْعَامِ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَزْوَاجٍ (He sent down to you of the cattle eight couples...39:6) In this verse, the verb anzala [ He sent down ] is unanimously used in the sense of khalaqa [ He created ]. This expression is adopted to indicate that everything in this world is 'sent down from the heaven' in the sense that everything that exists in the world was recorded in the Preserved Tablet long before it came into existence. [ Ruh-ul-Ma’ ani ]

According to the verse, 'iron' serves two purposes: [ 1] it represents power and holds the hostile opponents in great awe, and may compel the rebellious people to abide by Divine laws and system of justice. [ 2] it also holds great benefits for man. In other words, iron is a thing of common utility as it is used on a large scale in various industries. It is indispensable for the invention of every device, machine, mechanical apparatus, contrivance, and there is some iron in almost everything man innovates. No contrivance is possible without iron.

Special Note [ 1]

The fundamental purpose of sending the Prophets, revealing the divine books and erecting the Balance is mentioned as follows: لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ (so that people may uphold justice...57:25) After that a third element is introduced: the creation of 'iron'. This, in fact, complements the same basic purpose of 'administration of justice' because the Prophets and the Divine Books set forth clear and sound arguments to establish justice. If the defiant group fails to establish it, it is warned about punishment in the Hereafter. The 'Balance' sets up the parameters within which justice should operate. If the defiant group obdurately refuses to accept the parameters of justice and is left free to go about violating them, he will not allow justice to be established. In this case, the higher authority of the state will have no choice but to take up arms against them.

Special Note [ 2]

Another point of consideration here is that the Holy Qur'an has set forth two factors as fundamental to the establishment of justice: [ 1] the Book; and [ 2] the Balance. The Book sets forth the Divine rights and the human rights, and the need to fulfill them; it prohibits their violation. The Balance lays down the system which maintains just equilibrium in human social relations. The purpose of revealing these two factors is لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ (so that people may uphold justice...57:25). The factor of 'iron' has been mentioned last. This indicates that in the establishment of justice iron may be used only as a last resort, not as the first step. The real purpose of improving human society and establishing justice among them is to improve them in intellectual development and growth. The government may not exert its might and power to achieve the purpose of developing them intellectually. It may use it, only as the ultimate option, if they stand in the way of justice. The main thing is to cultivate the minds of the people by educating them.

وَلِيَعْلَمَ اللَّـهُ مَن يَنصُرُ‌هُ وَرُ‌سُلَهُ بِالْغَيْبِ (...and [ We did it ] so that Allah knows the one who helps Him and His messengers without seeing ....57:25) Here the conjunction 'and', according to Ruh-ul-Ma’ ani, explains that this subjunctive phrase is conjoined to another subjunctive phrase that is understood in the context: لِيَعْلَمَ (so that it may benefit them) in their trade and industry; so that Allah may legally and outwardly know who will assist Him and His Messenger ﷺ by carrying weapons of war made of iron and fight jihad in defence of His religion'. The restrictive adverbs 'legally and outwardly' have been added because Allah knows everything pre-eternally as He pre-recorded them in the Book of Decrees, and when man performs the action, it is recorded in his Account Book by the angels. In this way, its legal manifestation becomes plainly apparent.