5:26 Al-Maaida (The Table)

تفسير الآيات من 20 حتى 26 :ـ لما امتن الله على موسى وقومه بنجاتهم من فرعون وقومه وأسرهم واستبعادهم، ذهبوا قاصدين لأوطانهم ومساكنهم، وهي بيت المقدس وما حواليه، وقاربوا وصول بيت المقدس، وكان الله قد فرض عليهم جهاد عدوهم ليخرجوه من ديارهم. فوعظهم موسى عليه السلام؛ وذكرهم ليقدموا على الجهاد فقال لهم: { اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ } بقلوبكم وألسنتكم. فإن ذكرها داع إلى محبته تعالى ومنشط على العبادة، { إِذْ جَعَلَ فِيكُمْ أَنبِيَاءَ } يدعونكم إلى الهدى، ويحذرونكم من الردى، ويحثونكم على سعادتكم الأبدية، ويعلمونكم ما لم تكونوا تعلمون { وَجَعَلَكُم مُّلُوكًا } تملكون أمركم، بحيث إنه زال عنكم استعباد عدوكم لكم، فكنتم تملكون أمركم، وتتمكنون من إقامة دينكم. { وَآتَاكُمْ } من النعم الدينية والدنيوية { مَا لَمْ يُؤْتِ أَحَدًا مِّنَ الْعَالَمِينَ } فإنهم في ذلك الزمان خيرة الخلق، وأكرمهم على الله تعالى. وقد أنعم عليهم بنعم ما كانت لغيرهم. فذكرهم بالنعم الدينية والدنيوية، الداعي ذلك لإيمانهم وثباته، وثباتهم على الجهاد، وإقدامهم عليه، ولهذا قال: { يَا قَوْمِ ادْخُلُوا الْأَرْضَ الْمُقَدَّسَةَ } أي: المطهرة { الَّتِي كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ } فأخبرهم خبرا تطمئن به أنفسهم، إن كانوا مؤمنين مصدقين بخبر الله، وأنه قد كتب الله لهم دخولها، وانتصارهم على عدوهم. { وَلَا تَرْتَدُّوا } أي: ترجعوا { عَلَى أَدْبَارِكُمْ فَتَنْقَلِبُوا خَاسِرِينَ } قد خسرتم دنياكم بما فاتكم من النصر على الأعداء وفتح بلادكم. وآخرتكم بما فاتكم من الثواب، وما استحققتم -بمعصيتكم- من العقاب، فقالوا قولا يدل على ضعف قلوبهم، وخور نفوسهم، وعدم اهتمامهم بأمر الله ورسوله. { يَا مُوسَى إِنَّ فِيهَا قَوْمًا جَبَّارِينَ } شديدي القوة والشجاعة، أي: فهذا من الموانع لنا من دخولها. { وَإِنَّا لَن نَّدْخُلَهَا حَتَّى يَخْرُجُوا مِنْهَا فَإِن يَخْرُجُوا مِنْهَا فَإِنَّا دَاخِلُونَ } وهذا من الجبن وقلة اليقين، وإلا فلو كان معهم رشدهم، لعلموا أنهم كلهم من بني آدم، وأن القوي من أعانه الله بقوة من عنده، فإنه لا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله، ولعلموا أنهم سينصرون عليهم، إذ وعدهم الله بذلك، وعدا خاصا. { قَالَ رَجُلَانِ مِنَ الَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ } الله تعالى، مشجعين لقومهم، منهضين لهم على قتال عدوهم واحتلال بلادهم. { أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمَا } بالتوفيق، وكلمة الحق في هذا الموطن المحتاج إلى مثل كلامهم، وأنعم عليهم بالصبر واليقين. { ادْخُلُوا عَلَيْهِمُ الْبَابَ فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمُوهُ فَإِنَّكُمْ غَالِبُونَ } أي: ليس بينكم وبين نصركم عليهم إلا أن تجزموا عليهم، وتدخلوا عليهم الباب، فإذا دخلتموه عليهم فإنهم سينهزمون، ثم أمَرَاهم بعدة هي أقوى العدد، فقالا: { وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَتَوَكَّلُوا إِن كُنْتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ } فإن في التوكل على الله -وخصوصا في هذا الموطن- تيسيرا للأمر، ونصرا على الأعداء. ودل هذا على وجوب التوكل، وعلى أنه بحسب إيمان العبد يكون توكله، فلم ينجع فيهم هذا الكلام، ولا نفع فيهم الملام، فقالوا قول الأذلين: { يَا مُوسَى إِنَّا لَن نَدْخُلَهَا أَبَدًا مَّا دَامُوا فِيهَا فَاذْهَبْ أَنتَ وَرَبُّكَ فَقَاتِلَا إِنَّا هَاهُنَا قَاعِدُونَ } فما أشنع هذا الكلام منهم، ومواجهتهم لنبيهم في هذا المقام الحرج الضيق، الذي قد دعت الحاجة والضرورة إلى نصرة نبيهم، وإعزاز أنفسهم. وبهذا وأمثاله يظهر التفاوت بين سائر الأمم، وأمة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم حيث قال الصحابة لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم -حين شاورهم في القتال يوم \"بدر\" مع أنه لم يحتم عليهم: يا رسول الله، لو خضت بنا هذا البحر لخضناه معك، ولو بلغت بنا برك الغماد ما تخلف عنك أحد. ولا نقول كما قال قوم موسى لموسى: { اذْهَبْ أَنتَ وَرَبُّكَ فَقَاتِلَا إِنَّا هَاهُنَا قَاعِدُونَ } ولكن اذهب أنت وربك فقاتلا إنا معكما مقاتلون، من بين يديك ومن خلفك، وعن يمينك وعن يسارك. فلما رأى موسى عليه السلام عتوهم عليه { قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي لَا أَمْلِكُ إِلَّا نَفْسِي وَأَخِي } أي: فلا يدان لنا بقتالهم، ولست بجبار على هؤلاء. { فَافْرُقْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِينَ } أي: احكم بيننا وبينهم، بأن تنزل فيهم من العقوبة ما اقتضته حكمتك، ودل ذلك على أن قولهم وفعلهم من الكبائر العظيمة الموجبة للفسق. { قَالَ } الله مجيبا لدعوة موسى: { فَإِنَّهَا مُحَرَّمَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً يَتِيهُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ } أي: إن من عقوبتهم أن نحرم عليهم دخول هذه القرية التي كتبها الله لهم، مدة أربعين سنة، وتلك المدة أيضا يتيهون في الأرض، لا يهتدون إلى طريق ولا يبقون مطمئنين، وهذه عقوبة دنيوية، لعل الله تعالى كفر بها عنهم، ودفع عنهم عقوبة أعظم منها، وفي هذا دليل على أن العقوبة على الذنب قد تكون بزوال نعمة موجودة، أو دفع نقمة قد انعقد سبب وجودها أو تأخرها إلى وقت آخر. ولعل الحكمة في هذه المدة أن يموت أكثر هؤلاء الذين قالوا هذه المقالة، الصادرة عن قلوب لا صبر فيها ولا ثبات، بل قد ألفت الاستعباد لعدوها، ولم تكن لها همم ترقيها إلى ما فيه ارتقاؤها وعلوها، ولتظهر ناشئة جديدة تتربى عقولهم على طلب قهر الأعداء، وعدم الاستعباد، والذل المانع من السعادة. ولما علم الله تعالى أن عبده موسى في غاية الرحمة على الخلق، خصوصا قومه، وأنه ربما رق لهم، واحتملته الشفقة على الحزن عليهم في هذه العقوبة، أو الدعاء لهم بزوالها، مع أن الله قد حتمها، قال: { فَلَا تَأْسَ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِينَ } أي: لا تأسف عليهم ولا تحزن، فإنهم قد فسقوا، وفسقهم اقتضى وقوع ما نزل بهم لا ظلما منا.

وقوله تعالى " فإنها محرمة عليهم أربعين سنة يتيهون في الأرض " الآية. لما دعا عليهم موسى - عليه السلام- حين اكلوا عن الجهاد حكم الله بتحريم دخولها عليهم قدر مدة أربعين سنة فوقعوا في التيه يسيرون دائما لا يهتدون للخروج منه وفيه كانت أمور عجيبة وخوارق كثيرة من تظليلهم بالغمام وإنزال المن والسلوى عليهم ومن إخراج الماء الجاري من صخرة صماء تحمل معهم على دابة فإذا ضربها موسى بعصاه انفجرت من ذلك الحجر اثنتا عشرة عينا تجري لكل شعب عين وغير ذلك من المعجزات التي أيد الله بها موسى بن عمران وهناك نزلت التوراة وشرعت لهم الأحكام وعملت قبة العهد ويقال لها قبة الزمان قال يزيد بن هارون: عن أصبغ بن زيد عن القاسم بن أبي أيوب عن سعيد بن جبير سألت ابن عباس عن قوله " فإنها محرمة عليهم أربعين سنة يتيهون في الأرض " الآية. قال: فتاهوا في الأرض أربعين سنة يصبحون كل يوم يسيرون ليس لهم قرار ثم ظلل عليهم الغمام في التيه وأنزل عليهم المن والسلوى وهذا قطعة من حديث الفتون ثم كانت وفاة هارون - عليه السلام- ثم بعده بمدة ثلاثة سنين وفاة موسى الكليم - عليه السلام- وأقام الله فيهم يوشع بن نون - عليه السلام- نبيا خليفة عن موسى بن عمران ومات أكثر بني إسرائيل هناك في تلك المدة ويقال إنه لم يبق منهم أحد سوى يوشع وكالب ومن ههنا قال بعض المفسرين في قوله " قال فإنها محرمة عليهم " هذا وقف تام وقوله " أربعين سنة " منصوب بقوله " يتيهون في الأرض " فلما انقضت المدة خرج بهم يوشع بن نون عليه السلام أو بمن بقي منهم وبسائر بني إسرائيل من الجيل الثاني فقصد بهم بيت المقدس فحاصرها فكان فتحها يوم الجمعة بعد العصر فلما تضيفت الشمس للغروب وخشي دخول السبت عليهم قال: إنك مأمورة وأنا مأمور اللهم احبسها علي فحبسها الله تعالى حتى فتحها وأمر الله يوشع بن نون أن يأمر بني إسرائيل حين يدخلون بيت المقدس أن يدخلوا بابها سجدا وهم يقولون حطة أي حط عنا ذنوبا فبدلوا ما أمروا به ودخلوا يزحفون على أستاههم وهم يقولون حبة في شعرة وقد تقدم هذا كله في سورة البقرة. وقال ابن أبي حاتم: حدثنا أبي حدثنا محمد بن أبي عمر العبدي حدثنا سفيان عن أبي سعد عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنه قوله " فإنها محرمة عليهم أربعين سنة يتيهون في الأرض " قال فتاهوا أربعين سنة قال فهلك موسى وهارون في التيه وكل من جاوز الأربعين سنة فلما مضت الأربعون سنة ناهضهم يوشع بن نون وهو الذي قام بالأمر بعد موسى وهو الذي افتتحها وهو الذي قيل له اليوم يوم الجمعة فهموا بافتتاحها ودنت الشمس للغروب فخشي أن دخلت ليلة السبت أن يسبتوا فنادى الشمس إنى مأمور وإنك مأمورة فوقفت حتى افتتحها فوجد فيها من الأموال ما لم ير مثله قط فقربوه إلى النار فلم تأته فقال فيكم الغلول فدعا رءوس الأسباط وهم اثنا عشر رجلا فبايعهم والتصقت يد رجل منهم بيده فقال: الغلول عندك فأخرجه فأخرج رأس بقرة من ذهب لها عينان من ياقوت وأسنان من لؤلؤ فوضعه مع القربان فأتت النار فأكلتها وهذا السياق له شاهد في الصحيح وقد اختار ابن جرير أن قوله " فإنها محرمة عليهم " هو للعامل في أربعين سنة وأنهم مكثوا لا يدخلونها أربعين سنة وهم تائهون في البرية لا يهتدون لمقصد قال: ثم خرجوا مع موسى عليه السلام ففتح بهم بيت المقدس ثم احتج على ذلك من قال بإجماع علماء أخيار الأولين أن عوج بن عنق قتله موسى عليه السلام قال: فلو كان قتله إياه قبل التيه لما رهبت بنو إسرائيل من العماليق فدل على أنه كان بعد التيه قال: وأجمعوا على أن بلعام بن باعورا أعان الجبارين بالدعاء على موسى قال وما ذاك إلا بعد التيه لأنهم كانوا قبل التيه لا يخافون من موسى وقومه هذا استدل له ثم قال: حدثنا أبو كريب حدثنا ابن عطية حدثنا قيس بن أبي إسحاق عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس قال: كانت عصا موسى عشرة أذرع ووثبته عشرة أذرع وطوله عشرة أذرع فوثب فأصاب كعب عوج فقتله فكان جسرا لأهل النيل سنة وروي أيضا عن محمد بن بشار حدثنا مؤمل حدثنا سفيان عن أبي إسحق عن نوف هو البكالي قال: كان سرير عوج ثمانمائة ذراع وكان طول موسى عشرة أذرع وعصاه عشرة أذرع ووثب في السماء عشرة أذرع فضرب عوجا فأصاب كعبه فسقط ميتا وكان جسرا للناس يمرون عليه. وقوله تعالى " فلا تأس على القوم الفاسقين " تسلية لموسى عليه السلام عنها أي لا تأسف ولا تحزن عليهم فيما حكمت عليهم به فإنهم مستحقون ذلك وهذه القصة تضمنت تقريع اليهود وبيان فضائحهم ومخالفتهم لله ولرسوله ونكولهم عن طاعتهما فيما أمراهم به من الجهاد فضعفت أنفسهم عن مصابرة الأعداء ومجالدتهم ومقاتلتهم مع أن بين أظهرهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وكليمه وصفيه عن خلقه في ذلك الزمان وهو يعدهم بالنصر والظفر بأعدائهم هذا مع ما شاهدوا من فعل الله بعدوهم فرعون من العذاب والنكال والغرق له ولجنوده في اليم وهم ينظرون لتقر به أعينهم وما بالعهد من قدم ثم ينكلون عن مقاتلة أهل بلد هي بالنسبة إلى ديار مصر لا توازي عشر المعشار في عدة أهلها وعددهم فظهرت قبائح صنيعهم للخاص والعام وافتضحوا فضيحة لا يغطيها الليل ولا يسترها الذيل هذا وهم في جهلهم يعمهون وفي غيهم يترددون وهم البغضاء إلى الله وأعدائه ويقولون مع ذلك نحن أبناء الله وأحباؤه فقبح الله وجوههم التي مسخ منها الخنازير والقرود وألزمهم لعنة تصحبهم إلى الدار ذات الوقود ويقضي لهم فيها بتأبيد الخلود وقد فعل وله الحمد في جميع الوجود.

Musa Reminds His People of Allah's Favors on Them; The Jews Refuse to Enter the Holy Land

Allah states that His servant, Messenger, to whom He spoke directly, Musa, the son of `Imran, reminded his people that among the favors Allah granted them, is that He will give them all of the good of this life and the Hereafter, if they remain on the righteous and straight path. Allah said,

وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ يَـقَوْمِ اذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَعَلَ فِيكُمْ أَنْبِيَآءَ

(And (remember) when Musa said to his people: "O my people! Remember the favor of Allah to you, when He made Prophets among you,) for whenever a Prophet died, another rose among them, from the time of their father Ibrahim and thereafter. There were many Prophets among the Children of Israel calling to Allah and warning against His torment, until `Isa was sent as the final Prophet from the Children of Israel. Allah then sent down the revelation to the Final Prophet and Messenger, Muhammad ﷺ, the son of `Abdullah, from the offspring of Isma`il, the son of Ibrahim, peace be upon them. Muhammad is the most honorable Prophet of all times. Allah said next,

وَجَعَلَكُمْ مُّلُوكاً

(made you kings) `Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Ibn `Abbas commented: "Having a servant, a wife and a house." In his Mustadrak, Al-Hakim recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "A wife and a servant, and, a

وَءَاتَـكُمْ مَّا لَمْ يُؤْتِ أَحَداً مِّن الْعَـلَمِينَ

(and gave you what He had not given to any other among the nations (`Alamin).) means, during their time." Al-Hakim said, "Sahih according to the criteria of the Two Sahihs, but they did not collect it." Qatadah said, "They were the first people to take servants." A Hadith states,

«مَنْ أَصْبَحَ مِنْكُمْ مُعَافًى فِي جَسَدِهِ، آمِنًا فِي سِرْبِهِ، عِنْدَهُ قُوتُ يَوْمِهِ، فَكَأَنَّمَا حِيزَتْ لَهُ الدُّنْيَا بِحَذَافِيرِهَا»

(He among you who wakes up while healthy in body, safe in his family and having the provision for that very day, is as if the world and all that was in it were collected for him.) Allah's statement,

وَءَاتَـكُمْ مَّا لَمْ يُؤْتِ أَحَداً مِّن الْعَـلَمِينَ

(and gave you what He had not given to any other among the nations (Al-`Alamin).) means, during your time, as we stated. The Children of Israel were the most honorable among the people of their time, compared to the Greek, Copts and the rest of mankind. Allah said in another Ayah,

وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ الْكِتَـبَ وَالْحُكْمَ وَالنُّبُوَّةَ وَرَزَقْنَـهُمْ مِّنَ الطَّيِّبَـتِ وَفَضَّلْنَـهُمْ عَلَى الْعَـلَمينَ

(And indeed We gave the Children of Israel the Scripture, and the understanding of the Scripture and its laws, and the Prophethood; and provided them with good things, and preferred them above the nations (Al-`Alamin).) Allah said,

لَّهُمْ قَالُواْ يَمُوسَى اجْعَلْ لَّنَآ إِلَـهًا كَمَا لَهُمْ ءَالِهَةٌ قَالَ إِنَّكُمْ قَوْمٌ تَجْهَلُونَ

إِنَّ هَـؤُلاءِ مُتَبَّرٌ مَّا هُمْ فِيهِ وَبَـطِلٌ مَّا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ - قَالَ أَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ أَبْغِيكُمْ إِلَـهًا وَهُوَ فَضَّلَكُمْ عَلَى الْعَـلَمِينَ

(They said: "O Musa! Make for us a god as they have gods." He said: "Verily, you are an ignorant people." Musa added: "Verily, these people will be destroyed for that which they are engaged in (idol worship)." And all that they are doing is in vain. He said: "Shall I seek for you a god other than Allah, while He has given you superiority over the nations.") Therefore, they were the best among the people of their time. The Muslim Ummah is more respected and honored before Allah, and has a more perfect legislative code and system of life, it has the most honorable Prophet, the larger kingdom, more provisions, wealth and children, a larger domain and more lasting glory than the Children of Israel. Allah said,

وَكَذَلِكَ جَعَلْنَـكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطًا لِّتَكُونُواْ شُهَدَآءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ

(Thus We have made you, a just (the best) nation, that you be witnesses over mankind.) We mentioned the Mutawatir Hadiths about the honor of this Ummah and its status and honor with Allah, when we explained Allah's statement in Surah Al-`Imran (3),

كُنتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ

(You are the best of peoples ever raised up for mankind...) Allah states next that Musa encouraged the Children of Israel to perform Jihad and enter Jerusalem, which was under their control during the time of their father Ya`qub. Ya`qub and his children later moved with his children and household to Egypt during the time of Prophet Yusuf. His offspring remained in Egypt until their exodus with Musa. They found a mighty, strong people in Jerusalem who had previously taken it over. Musa, Allah's Messenger, ordered the Children of Israel to enter Jerusalem and fight their enemy, and he promised them victory and triumph over the mighty people if they did so. They declined, rebelled and defied his order and were punished for forty years by being lost, wandering in the land uncertain of where they should go. This was their punishment for defying Allah's command. Allah said that Musa ordered them to enter the Holy Land,

الَّتِى كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ

(which Allah has assigned to you) meaning, which Allah has promised to you by the words of your father Isra'il, that it is the inheritance of those among you who believe.

وَلاَ تَرْتَدُّوا عَلَى أَدْبَـرِكُمْ

(and turn not back) in flight from Jihad.

فَتَنقَلِبُواْ خَـسِرِينَقَالُوا يَامُوسَى إِنَّ فِيهَا قَوْماً جَبَّارِينَ وَإِنَّا لَن نَّدْخُلَهَا حَتَّى يَخْرُجُواْ مِنْهَا فَإِن يَخْرُجُواْ مِنْهَا فَإِنَّا دَخِلُونَ

(". ..for then you will be returned as losers." They said, "O Musa! In it are a people of great strength, and we shall never enter it, till they leave it; when they leave, then we will enter.") Their excuse was this, in this very town you commanded us to enter and fight its people, there is a mighty, strong, vicious people who have tremendous physique and physical ability. We are unable to stand against these people or fight them. Therefore, they said, we are incapable of entering this city as long as they are still in it, but if they leave it, we will enter it. Otherwise, we cannot stand against them.

The Speeches of Yuwsha` (Joshua) and Kalib (Caleb)

Allah said,

قَالَ رَجُلاَنِ مِنَ الَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمَا

(Two men of those who feared (Allah and) on whom Allah had bestowed His grace said...) When the Children of Israel declined to obey Allah and follow His Messenger Musa, two righteous men among them, on whom Allah had bestowed a great bounty and who were afraid of Allah and His punishment, encouraged them to go forward. It was also said that the Ayah reads in a way that means that these men were respected and honored by their people. These two men were Yuwsha`, the son of Nun, and Kalib, the son of Yufna, as Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, `Atiyyah, As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and several other Salaf and latter scholars stated. These two men said to their people,

ادْخُلُواْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْبَابَ فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمُوهُ فَإِنَّكُمْ غَـلِبُونَ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَتَوَكَّلُواْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ

("Assault them through the gate, for when you are in, victory will be yours. And put your trust in Allah if you are believers indeed.") Therefore, they said, if you rely on and trust in Allah, follow His command and obey His Messenger, then Allah will give you victory over your enemies and will give you triumph and dominance over them. Thus, you will conquer the city that Allah has promised you. This advice did not benefit them in the least,

قَالُواْ يَـمُوسَى إِنَّا لَنْ نَّدْخُلَهَآ أَبَداً مَّا دَامُواْ فِيهَا فَاذْهَبْ أَنتَ وَرَبُّكَ فَقَاتِلا إِنَّا هَـهُنَا قَـعِدُونَ

(They said, "O Musa! We shall never enter it as long as they are there. So go, you and your Lord, and fight you two, we are sitting right here.") This is how they declined to join Jihad, defied their Messenger, and refused to fight their enemy.

The Righteous Response of the Companions During the Battle of Badr

Compare this to the better response the Companions gave to the Messenger of Allah during the battle of Badr, when he asked for their advice about fighting the Quraysh army that came to protect the caravan led by Abu Sufyan. When the Muslim army missed the caravan and the Quraysh army, between nine hundred and one thousand strong, helmeted and drawing closer, Abu Bakr stood up and said something good. Several more Muhajirin also spoke, all the while the Messenger of Allah saying,

«أشيروا علي أيها المسلمون»

(Advise me, O Muslims!) inquiring of what the Ansar, the majority then, had to say. Sa`d bin Mu`adh said, "It looks like you mean us, O Messenger of Allah! By He Who has sent you with the Truth! If you seek to cross this sea and went in it, we will follow you and none among us will remain behind. We would not hate for you to lead us to meet our enemy tomorrow. We are patient in war, vicious in battle. May Allah allow you to witness from our efforts what comforts your eyes. Therefore, march forward with the blessing of Allah." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was pleased with the words of Sa`d and was encouraged to march on. Abu Bakr bin Marduwyah recorded that Anas said that when the Messenger of Allah went to Badr, he asked the Muslims for their opinion, and `Umar gave his. The Prophet again asked the Muslims for their opinion and the Ansar said, "O Ansar! It is you whom the Prophet wants to hear." They said, "We will never say as the Children of Israel said to Musa,

فَاذْهَبْ أَنتَ وَرَبُّكَ فَقَاتِلا إِنَّا هَـهُنَا قَـعِدُونَ

(So go, you and your Lord, and fight you two, we are sitting right here.) By He Who has sent you with the Truth! If you took the camels to Bark Al-Ghimad (near Makkah) we shall follow you." Imam Ahmad, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Hibban also recorded this Hadith. In the Book of Al-Maghazi and At-Tafsir, Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "On the day of Badr, Al-Miqdad said, `O Messenger of Allah! We will never say to you what the Children of Israel said to Musa,

فَاذْهَبْ أَنتَ وَرَبُّكَ فَقَاتِلا إِنَّا هَـهُنَا قَـعِدُونَ

(So go, you and your Lord, and fight you two, we are sitting right here.) Rather, march on and we will be with you.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was satisfied after hearing this statement."

Musa Supplicates to Allah Against the Jews

Musa said,

قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّى لا أَمْلِكُ إِلاَّ نَفْسِى وَأَخِى فَافْرُقْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقَوْمِ الْفَـسِقِينَ

("O my Lord! I have power only over myself and my brother, so separate us from the rebellious people!") When the Children of Israel refused to fight, Musa became very angry with them and supplicated to Allah against them,

رَبِّ إِنِّى لا أَمْلِكُ إِلاَّ نَفْسِى وَأَخِى

(O my Lord! I have power only over myself and my brother') meaning, only I and my brother Harun among them will obey, implement Allah's command and accept the call,

فَافْرُقْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقَوْمِ الْفَـسِقِينَ

(So Ifruq us from the rebellious people!) Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "Meaning, judge between us and them." `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported similarly from him. Ad-Dahhak said that the Ayah means, "Judge and decide between us and them." Other scholars said that the Ayah means, "Separate between us and them."

Forbidding the Jews from Entering the Holy Land for Forty Years

Allah said,

فَإِنَّهَا مُحَرَّمَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً يَتِيهُونَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ

(Therefore it is forbidden to them for forty years; in distraction they will wander through the land.) When Musa supplicated against the Jews for refusing to fight in Jihad, Allah forbade them from entering the land for forty years. They wandered about lost in the land of At-Tih, unable to find their way out. During this time, tremendous miracles occurred, such as the clouds that shaded them and the manna and quails Allah sent down for them. Allah brought forth water springs from solid rock, and the other miracles that He aided Musa bin `Imran with. During this time, the Tawrah was revealed and the Law was established for the Children of Israel and the Tabernacle of the Covenant was erected.

Conquering Jerusalem

Allah's statement,

أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً

(for forty years;) defines,

يَتِيهُونَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ

(in distraction they will wander through the land.) When these years ended, Yuwsha` bin Nun led those who remained among them and the second generation, and laid siege to Jerusalem, conquering it on a Friday afternoon. When the sun was about to set and Yuwsha` feared that the Sabbath would begin, he said (to the sun), "You are commanded and I am commanded, as well. O Allah! Make it stop setting for me." Allah made the sun stop setting until Yuwsha` bin Nun conquered Jerusalem. Next, Allah commanded Yuwsha` to order the Children of Israel to enter Jerusalem from its gate while bowing and saying Hittah, meaning, `remove our sins.' Yet, they changed what they were commanded and entered it while dragging themselves on their behinds and saying, `Habbah (a seed) in Sha`rah (a hair)." We mentioned all of this in the Tafsir of Surat Al-Baqarah. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn `Abbas commented,

فَإِنَّهَا مُحَرَّمَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً يَتِيهُونَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ

(Therefore it is forbidden to them for forty years; in distraction they will wander through the land.) "They wandered in the land for forty years, during which Musa and Harun died, as well as everyone above forty years of age. When the forty years ended, Yuwsha` son of Nun assumed their leadership and later conquered Jerusalem. When Yuwsha` was reminded that the day was Friday and the sun was about to set, while they were still attacking Jerusalem, he feared that the Sabbath might begin. Therefore, he said to the sun, `I am commanded and you are commanded.' Allah made the sun stop setting and the Jews conquered Jerusalem and found wealth unseen before. They wanted to let the fire consume the booty, but the fire would not do that. Yuwsha` said, `Some of you have committed theft from the booty.' So he summoned the twelve leaders of the twelve tribes and took the pledge from them. Then, the hand of one of them became stuck to the hand of Yuwsha` and Yuwsha` said, `You committed the theft, so bring it forth.' So, that man brought a cow's head made of gold with two eyes made of precious stones and a set of teeth made of pearls. When Yuwsha` added it to the booty, the fire consumed it, as they were prohibited to keep the booty." There is evidence supporting all of this in the Sahih.

Allah Comforts Musa

Conforting Musa, Allah said

فَلاَ تَأْسَ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْفَـسِقِينَ

(So do not greive for the rebellious people.) Allah said: Do not feel sorrow or sadness over My judgment against them, for they deserve such judgment. This story chastises the Jews, exposes their defiance of Allah and His Messenger, and their refusal to obey the order for Jihad. They were weak and could not bear the thought of fighting their enemy, being patient, and enduring this way. This occurred although they had the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the one whom He spoke to among them, the best of Allah's creation that time. Their Prophet promised them triumph and victory against their enemies. They also witnessed the torment and punishment of drowning with which Allah punished their enemy Fir`awn and his soldiers, so that their eyes were pleased and comforted. All this did not happen too long ago, yet they refused to perform Jihad against people who had less than a tenth of the power and strength than the people of Egypt had. Therefore, the evil works of the Jews were exposed to everyone, and the exposure was such an enormous one that the night, or the tail, can never cover its tracks. They were also blinded by their ignorance and transgression. Thus, they became hated by Allah, and they became His enemies. Yet, they claim that they are Allah's children and His loved ones! May Allah curse their faces that were transformed to the shape of swine and apes, and may Allah's curse accompany them to the raging Fire. May Allah make them abide in the Fire for eternity, and He did; all thanks are due to Him.

He God exalted be He said to him ‘Then it the Holy Land shall be forbidden them to enter for forty years; they shall wander lost bewildered in the land — according to Ibn ‘Abbās this land was about nine parasangs sc. 30 miles; so do not grieve for the wicked folk’. It is reported that they would travel throughout the night earnestly but in the morning would find themselves back where they had started. And they would travel all day with the same result until they all perished except those under twenty years of age. It is said that they numbered 600000. Moses and Aaron died in the wilderness and this was a mercy for them and a chastisement for those others. When Moses was on the verge of death he asked his Lord to bring him close to the Holy Land to within a stone’s throw and He did as related in hadīth. Joshua became a prophet sometime after his fortieth year and he was commanded to fight against the giants. So he sallied forth with those that remained by his side and he fought against them; it was a Friday and the sun stopped for him for an hour until he had finished with fighting them. Ahmad b. Hanbal reported in his Musnad the following hadīth ‘The sun was never detained for any human except for Joshua during those days in which he marched towards the Holy House of Jerusalem’.

The Determination of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) against the Treachery of his People

The prayer of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) ; قَالَ رَ‌بِّ إِنِّي لَا أَمْلِكُ إِلَّا نَفْسِي "0 My Lord, I have no control except over myself" should be seen in the perspective of the events in the life of the people of Bani Isra'il, the favours of Allah bestowed upon them and the conduct of their prophet, Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) in their case. An impartial observer would not fail to notice that the people of Bani Isra'il had been suffering from all sorts of pain and disgrace as slaves and serfs of the Pharaohs for centuries. It was the teaching of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) and his barakah by virtue of which Allah Ta` ala blessed them with unprecedented stations. With their own eyes, they saw so many manifestations of the most perfect power of Allah Jalla Sha'nuhu . The Pharaoh and the people of Pharaoh were defeated on their own grounds, in the Court confrontation summoned by them at the hands of Sayyidna Musa and Sayyidna Harun, peace be upon both of them. The magicians they had trusted were the magicians who placed their trust in Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) and elected to stay by his side. Then, there was the Pharaoh, the one who claimed to be God, and along with him, there were so many members of his family who lived in luxury in the royal palace. And then, their eyes saw how the great subduing power of Allah, the Mighty, the Exalted, made all of them vacate all palaces and mansions they lived in and leave behind all they once owned, all simultaneously, in a single sweep of time. And how He drowned the Pharaoh in the sea with Bani Isra` il looking on the spectacle and how did He make the miracle of Bani Isra` il themselves cross the river. And finally, how was the wealth, over which the Pharaoh waxed proud by saying: أَلَيْسَ لِي مُلْكُ مِصْرَ‌ وَهَـٰذِهِ الْأَنْهَارُ‌ تَجْرِ‌ي مِن تَحْتِي (Is it not that this land of Egypt is for me and these are rivers which flow from beneath me?) given out by Allah Ta` ala, the entire country and the entire wealth, without any fighting or killing, to the Bani Isra'il

These were great happenings. These people were direct witnesses to the manifestations of Allah's supreme power to subdue. No less was the good done to them by Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) who first delivered them from heedlessness and ignorance and then freed them from the slavery of the Pharaoh facing unbearable hardships in that process. After all that, when these very people were commanded to mount a Jihad on Syria, of course with assurances of Divine help and promises of rewards, they betrayed their mean nature and said: (So go, you and your Lord, and fight. As for us, we are sitting right here). Let the greatest possible reformer in the world stop for a while, cross his hand over his heart and think what effect such low attitudes demonstrated by the people he was working for would have produced on him. But, here we are talking about a highly determined Rasul of Allah who stands there as an immovable model of steadfastness, despite all odds, and pursuing his goal relentlessly.

Now that he was made helpless by repeated breaches of trust committed by his people, he turns to his Lord and to Him he says only this much: إِنِّي لَا أَمْلِكُ إِلَّا نَفْسِي وَأَخِي (I have no control except over myself and my brother). And the problem was how could he now carry out the Jihad expedition against the Amalkites? Also worth noticing is the fact that there were at least two chiefs of the Bani Isra'il, Yasha' ibn Nun and Kalib ibn Yu'qina, who had proved themselves to have been faithful followers of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) and had made consistent efforts with him to give good counsel to their people and bring them to the right path. Still at this time, he made no mention of them as well. He simply talked about himself and his brother, Sayyidna Harun (علیہ السلام) . It had no other cause but the same treachery and disobedience of the people of Bani Isra'il. Sayyidna Harun (علیہ السلام) being a prophet was the only one Divinely protected there. That he would stand firm by the truth in word and deed was certain. As for the two chiefs, they were not so protected and infallible. So, being in pain and anger, he mentioned only those he was certain would stand firm on truth - 'I have no control except over myself and my brother.'

The prayer that Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) made after that was: فَافْرُ‌قْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِينَ (So, make a separation between us and the sinning people). The substance of this prayer, according to an explanation given by Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Abbas ؓ was that 'the punishment these people deserved should be given to them; and whatever we are found to be deserving of should be awarded to us.'

The manner in which Allah Ta` ala answered this prayer was: مُحَرَّ‌مَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ ۛ أَرْ‌بَعِينَ سَنَةً ۛ يَتِيهُونَ فِي الْأَرْ‌ضِ (This [ land ] is prohibited to them for forty years. They shall be wandering around the earth). It means that the land of Syria was forbidden for them for forty years. They shall' not go there, even if they wanted to. And not simply that they would be unable to go to the land of Syria, they would also be unable to return back to their homeland of Egypt, if they thought of going there. Instead of that, they shall be detained in this wilderness.

For punishments that come from Allah Almighty who needs the police and their handcuffs or the high and strong walls and iron-gates of prisons? When He intends to detain anyone, He needs none of these formal arrangements. He can put one under arrest even on grounds open from all sides. The reason is obvious. The whole universe is at His command. It was created by Him and from Him it takes its orders. When the universe is served with Divine orders to put someone under arrest, the air and the atmosphere and the earth and the space become the jailor for the condemned.

So, this open land area located between Egypt and Baytul-Maqdis is comparatively small. Its measurement, according to the Tafsir of Sayyidna Muqatil (رح) is thirty Farsakh in length and nine Farsakh in width. If one Farsakh is taken to be equal to three miles, it comes to be a total area of ninety miles in length and twenty seven miles in width. And according to some narrations, the whole area is thirty by eighteen miles. Thus, Allah Ta` ala detained a whole people whose total number, according to the statement of Sayyidna Muqatil (رح) was six hundred thousand, restricting them within this small open ground in a manner that they kept struggling for full forty years to somehow get out of this open land area and return back to Egypt, or go forward and reach Baytul-Maqdis. But, what actually happened was that by the time came evening after a whole day's journey, they discovered that they have been as if moving in a circle having returned to the same spot from where they had started in the morning.

Authentic scholars of Tafsir say that the punishment Allah Jalla Sha'nuhu gives to a people is in proportion to their evil deed. Since these disobedient people had uttered the words: إِنَّا هَاهُنَا قَاعِدُونَ (we are sitting right here), Allah Ta` ala had them detained right there for forty years in punishment. Historical accounts in this matter differ. Some say that during these forty years, the present generation which had disobeyed was totally destroyed. Their next generation survived and it was this generation which, after having been delivered from this forty year detention, entered Baytul-Maqdis; or, there were some people from the earlier generation who were still surviving. However, there was that promise of the Holy Qur'an: كَتَبَ اللَّـهُ لَكُمْ (that is, Allah has destined the Holy Land of Syria for the Bani Isra'il). That promise had to be fulfilled, that the Bani Isra'il should take it over and rule the land. But, the people of Bani Isra'il present during that time elected to ignore this Divine award for which they were duly punished: مُحَرَّ‌مَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ ۛ أَرْ‌بَعِينَ سَنَةً that is, they were deprived of victory over the Holy Land for forty years. Then, it was at the hands of their next generation, that this country was conquered, and the promise of Allah Ta` ala stood fulfilled.

In this wilderness of Tih, Sayyidna Musa and Harun were with their people for whom this wilderness was nothing but detention and punishment, while, for these two blessed souls, it was the fountain head of Divine blessings. This is why this period of forty years during which the Bani Isra'il were condemned was still full of many silver linings. Such was the barakah of the presence of Sayyidna Musa and Harun (علیہما السلام) among them, that Allah Ta` ala showered on them blessings of many kinds. When they became helpless against the scorching sun over their heads in an open field, Allah Ta` ala, answering the prayer of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) stretched out a canopy of clouds over their heads. Wherever they went, these clouds would follow them with their shade. When they complained of thirst and the shortage of water, Allah Ta` ala gave Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) a special stone which went with him wherever he went, and when they needed water, Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) would strike it with his staff and twelve streams would gush forth from it. When they were hit by hunger, the heavenly food of Mann and Salva was sent to them. And when they complained about the darkness during nights, Allah Ta` ala provided for them a tower of light under the light of which they did what they had to do.

To sum up, this wilderness of Tih was not full of condemned people only. In fact, there were two dear prophets of Allah Ta` ala and with them two favoured elders, Yusha` ibn Nun and Kalib ibn Yu'qina, as well. It was for their sake that, even during this period of detention and punishment, blessings kept coming to them. And since Allah Ta` ala is the Most Merciful of all those merciful, it is possible that these once disobedient people from the Bani Isra'il, after having witnessed the happenings around them, may have repented from their sins and may be it was in return for their act of repentance that they were being blessed with these rewards.

According to authentic narrations, it was during this period of forty years that Sayyidna Harun (علیہ السلام) died. Then, after a year or six month, came the death of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) After them, Allah Ta` ala appointed the revered elder, Yusha` ibn Nun as a prophet and gave him the mission of guiding the Bani Isra'il. When the period of forty years of detention was over, the remaining people of Bani Isra'il got together under the leadership of Sayyidna Yusha` ibn Nun and marched towards Baytul-Maqdis on this mission of Jihad. True to the promise of Allah Ta` ala, they conquered Syria and the wealth of the land they inherited was unimaginable.

That it has been said: لَا تَأْسَ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِين (so do not grieve for the sinning people) at the end of verse 26 has a basis, for the blessed prophets, may peace be upon them all, are endowed with a natural disposition which makes it impossible for them to bear by the pain and hardship of their people. Even if they are punished, the prophets too are affected emotionally. Therefore, Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) has been comforted here that he should not grieve over the punishment given to those people.