5:15 Al-Maaida (The Table)

لما ذكر تعالى ما أخذه الله على أهل الكتاب من اليهود والنصارى، وأنهم نقضوا ذلك إلا قليلا منهم، أمرهم جميعا أن يؤمنوا بمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، واحتج عليهم بآية قاطعة دالة على صحة نبوته، وهي: أنه بين لهم كثيرا مما يُخْفُون عن الناس، حتى عن العوام من أهل ملتهم، فإذا كانوا هم المشار إليهم في العلم ولا علم عند أحد في ذلك الوقت إلا ما عندهم، فالحريص على العلم لا سبيل له إلى إدراكه إلا منهم، فإتيان الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم بهذا القرآن العظيم الذي بيَّن به ما كانوا يتكاتمونه بينهم، وهو أُمِّيّ لا يقرأ ولا يكتب - من أدل الدلائل على القطع برسالته، وذلك مثل صفة محمد في كتبهم، ووجود البشائر به في كتبهم، وبيان آية الرجم ونحو ذلك. { وَيَعْفُو عَن كَثِيرٍ ْ} أي: يترك بيان ما لا تقتضيه الحكمة. { قَدْ جَاءَكُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ نُورٌ ْ} وهو القرآن، يستضاء به في ظلمات الجهالة وعماية الضلالة. { وَكِتَابٌ مُّبِينٌ ْ} لكل ما يحتاج الخلق إليه من أمور دينهم ودنياهم. من العلم بالله وأسمائه وصفاته وأفعاله، ومن العلم بأحكامه الشرعية وأحكامه الجزائية.

يقول تعالى مخبرا عن نفسه الكريمة أنه قد أرسل رسوله محمدا بالهدى ودين الحق إلى جميع أهل الأرض عربهم وعجمهم أميهم وكتابيهم وأنه بعثه بالبينات والفرق بين الحق والباطل فقال " يا أهل الكتاب قد جاءكم رسولنا يبين لكم كثيرا مما كنتم تخفون من الكتاب ويعفو عن كثير " أي يبين ما بدلوه وحرفوه وأولوه وافتروا على الله فيه ويسكت عن كثير مما غيروه ولا فائدة في بيانه وقد روى الحاكم في مستدركه من حديث الحسين بن واقد عن يزيد النحوي عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنه قال: من كفر بالرجم فقد كفر بالقرآن من حيث لا يحتسب قوله " يا أهل الكتاب قد جاءكم رسولنا يبين لكم كثيرا مما كنتم تخفون من الكتاب " فكان الرجم مما أخفوه ثم قال صحيح الإسناد ولم يخرجاه ثم أخبر تعالى عن القرآن العظيم الذي أنزله على نبيه الكريم فقال " قد جاءكم من الله نور وكتاب مبين يهدي به الله من اتبع رضوانه سبل السلام ".

Explaining the Truth Through the Messenger and the Qur'an

Allah states that He sent His Messenger Muhammad ﷺ with the guidance and the religion of truth to all the people of the earth, the Arabs and non-Arabs, lettered and unlettered. Allah also states that He sent Muhammad with clear evidences and the distinction between truth and falsehood. Allah said,

يَـأَهْلَ الْكِتَـبِ قَدْ جَآءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ كَثِيراً مِّمَّا كُنتُمْ تُخْفُونَ مِنَ الْكِتَـبِ وَيَعْفُواْ عَن كَثِيرٍ

(O People of the Scripture! Now has come to you Our Messenger explaining to you much of that which you used to hide from the Scripture and passing over much.) So the Prophet explained where they altered, distorted, changed and lied about Allah. He also ignored much of what they changed, since it would not bring about any benefit if it was explained. In his Mustadrak, Al-Hakim recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "He who disbelieves in stoning (the adulterer to death) will have inadvertently disbelieved in the Qur'an, for Allah said,

يَـأَهْلَ الْكِتَـبِ قَدْ جَآءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ كَثِيراً مِّمَّا كُنتُمْ تُخْفُونَ مِنَ الْكِتَـبِ

(O People of the Scripture! Now has come to you Our Messenger explaining to you much of that which you used to hide from the Scripture) and stoning was among the things that they used to hide." Al-Hakim said, "Its chain is Sahih, and they did not record it." Allah next mentions the Glorious Qur'an that He sent down to His honorable Prophet ,

قَدْ جَآءَكُمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ نُورٌ وَكِتَـبٌ مُّبِينٌيَهْدِى بِهِ اللَّهُ مَنِ اتَّبَعَ رِضْوَانَهُ سُبُلَ السَّلَـمِ

(Indeed, there has come to you from Allah a light and a plain Book. Wherewith Allah guides all those who seek His pleasure to ways of peace.) meaning, ways of safety and righteousness,

وَيُخْرِجُهُمْ مِّنِ الظُّلُمَـتِ إِلَى النُّورِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَيَهْدِيهِمْ إِلَى صِرَطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ

(and He brings them out of darkness by His permission unto light and guides them to a straight path.) He thus saves them from destruction and explains to them the best, most clear path. Therefore, He protects them from what they fear, and brings about the best of what they long for, all the while ridding them of misguidance and directing them to the best, most righteous state of being.

O People of the Scripture Jews and Christians now there has come to you Our Messenger Muhammad (s) making clear to you much of what you used to conceal of the Scripture the Torah and the Gospel such as the ‘stoning’ verse and the description of the Prophet Muhammad (s) and pardoning much of it which he does not reveal since this would not be of any benefit serving only to disgrace you. There has verily come to you from God a light namely the Prophet s and a Book a Qur’ān lucid plain and manifest

Commentary

Refuted here in this verse is only one saying of the Christians - which is the belief of a sect among them - that Sayyidna Masih (علیہ السلام) is God. But, the argument employed in the refutation virtually covers the false beliefs of all sects against the inalienable principle of Tauhid, that is the Oneness of Allah. This may be a belief in a son of God or a belief in one of the three Gods - the argument refutes all of them.

That Sayyidna Masih (علیہ السلام) and his blessed mother have been mentioned here jointly could be because of two wise considerations. Firstly, it is the humility of Sayyidna Masih before Allah Ta` ala that he could never think of saving himself against the will of Allah, or his mother whose care and service a good son considers dearer than his own life. Secondly, by doing so, the view of the sect which takes Sayyidah Maryam as one of the three Gods also stands refuted.

Also noteworthy at this point is the mention of the death of Sayyidna ` Isa (علیہ السلام) and Sayyidah Maryam, peace be upon both of them, as a supposition - although, the death of Sayyidah Maryam was no supposition at the time of the revelation of the Qur'an; it had already occured, in fact. The reason for this may either be the superimposition (Taghlib) of the desired subject, that is, since the real intent here was to describe the death of Sayyidna ` Isa (علیہ السلام) as a supposition, the mention of his blessed mother was also made as a corollary of the same subject, even though, her death had already occurred - or, it can also be said that the expression means: The way We have made death take away Sayyidah Maryam, it lies within Our power to make it overtake Sayyidna Masih (علیہ السلام) and the rest of the creation as well. And the statement: يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ (He creates what He wills - 5:17), is there to refute this particular base which Christians use to deify Sayyidna Masih (علیہ السلام) because they reason out that his birth came to pass, against all rules of nature operative in this world, without a father and from the mother alone - had he too been a human being, he would have been born through a mother and father both, very much in accordance with the natural law.

This one sentence answers the reasoning by saying that Allah has the most perfect and the most comprehensive power to create what He wills and how He wills. The same doubt has been removed in the verse: إِنَّ مَثَلَ عِيسَىٰ عِندَ اللَّـهِ كَمَثَلِ آدَمَ (Surely, the case of ` Isa, in the sight of Allah, is like the case of Adam - 3:59) where it has been established that the creation of Sayyidna Masih (علیہ السلام) as separate from the habitual law of nature cannot become an argument in favour of his being taken as God.

The reason lies in pondering that Allah Ta` ala did create Sayyidna Adam (علیہ السلام) without a father and mother both. He has the power, all power, over everything. He is the Creator and the Master and the most worthy of worship. No one else can be associated with His Divinity as a partner or sharer.