49:7 Al-Hujuraat (The Inner Apartments)

أي: ليكن لديكم معلومًا أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، بين أظهركم، وهو الرسول الكريم، البار، الراشد، الذي يريد بكم الخير وينصح لكم، وتريدون لأنفسكم من الشر والمضرة، ما لا يوافقكم الرسول عليه، ولو يطيعكم في كثير من الأمر لشق عليكم وأعنتكم، ولكن الرسول يرشدكم، والله تعالى يحبب إليكم الإيمان، ويزينه في قلوبكم، بما أودع الله في قلوبكم من محبة الحق وإيثاره، وبما ينصب على الحق من الشواهد، والأدلة الدالة على صحته، وقبول القلوب والفطر له، وبما يفعله تعالى بكم، من توفيقه للإنابة إليه، ويكره إليكم الكفر والفسوق، أي: الذنوب الكبار، والعصيان: هي ما دون ذلك من الذنوب بما أودع في قلوبكم من كراهة الشر، وعدم إرادة فعله، وبما نصبه من الأدلة والشواهد على فساده، وعدم قبول الفطر له، وبما يجعله الله من الكراهة في القلوب له { أُولَئِكَ } أي: الذين زين الله الإيمان في قلوبهم، وحببه إليهم، وكره إليهم الكفر والفسوق والعصيان { هُمُ الرَّاشِدُونَ } أي: الذين صلحت علومهم وأعمالهم، واستقاموا على الدين القويم، والصراط المستقيم.وضدهم الغاوون، الذين حبب إليهم الكفر والفسوق والعصيان، وكره إليهم الإيمان، والذنب ذنبهم، فإنهم لما فسقوا طبع الله على قلوبهم، ولما { زَاغُوا أَزَاغَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ } ولما لم يؤمنوا بالحق لما جاءهم أول مرة، قلب الله أفئدتهم.

"واعلموا أن فيكم رسول الله" أي اعلموا أن بين أظهركم رسول الله فعظموه ووقروه وتأدبوا معه وانقادوا لأمره فإنه أعلم بمصالحكم وأشفق عليكم منكم ورأيه فيكم أتم من رأيكم لأنفسكم كما قال تبارك وتعالى "النبي أولى بالمؤمنين من أنفسهم" ثم بين أن رأيهم سخيف بالنسبة إلى مراعاة مصالحهم فقال "لو يطيعكم في كثير من الأمر لعنتم" أي لو أطاعكم في جميع ما تختارونه لأدى ذلك إلى عنتكم وحرجكم كما قال سبحانه وتعالى "ولو اتبع الحق أهواءهم لفسدت السموات والأرض ومن فيهن بل أتيناهم بذكرهم فهم عن ذكرهم معرضون" وقوله عز وجل "ولكن الله حبب إليكم الإيمان وزينه في قلوبكم" أي حببه إلى نفوسكم وحسنه في قلوبكم قال الإمام أحمد حدثنا بهز حدثنا علي بن مسعدة حدثنا قتادة عن أنس رضي الله عنه قال كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول "الإسلام علانية والإيمان في القلب - قال ثم يشير بيده إلى صدره ثلاث مرات ثم يقول - التقوى ههنا التقوى ههنا" "وكره إليكم الكفر والفسوق والعصيان" أي وبغض إليكم الكفر والفسوق وهي الذنوب الكبار والعصيان وهي جميع المعاصي وهذا تدريج لكمال النعمة وقوله تعالى "أولئك هم الراشدون" أي المتصفون بهذه الصفة هم الراشدون الذين قد آتاهم الله رشدهم قال الإمام أحمد حدثنا مروان بن معاوية الفزاري حدثنا عبد الواحد بن أيمن المكي عن أبي رفاعة الزرقي عن أبيه قال لما كان يوم أحد وانكفأ المشركون قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "استووا حتى أثني على ربي عز وجل" فصاروا خلفه صفوفا فقال صلى الله عليه وسلم "اللهم لك الحمد كله اللهم لا قابض لما بسطت ولا باسط لما قبضت ولا هادي لمن أضللت ولا مضل لمن هديت ولا معطي لما منعت ولا مانع لما أعطيت ولا مقرب لما باعدت ولا مباعد لما قربت اللهم ابسط علينا من بركاتك ورحمتك وفضلك ورزقك اللهم إني أسألك النعيم المقيم الذي لا يحول ولا يزول اللهم إني أسألك النعيم يوم العيلة والأمن يوم الخوف اللهم إنى عائذ بك من شر ما أعطيتنا ومن شر ما منعتنا اللهم حبب إلينا الإيمان وزينه في قلوبنا وكره إلينا الكفر والفسوق والعصيان واجعلنا من الراشدين اللهم توفنا مسلمين وأحينا مسلمين وألحقنا بالصالحين غير خزايا ولا مفتونين اللهم قاتل الكفرة الذين يكذبون رسلك ويصدون عن سبيلك واجعل عليهم رجزك وعذابك اللهم قاتل الكفرة الذين أوتوا الكتاب إله الحق" ورواه النسائي في اليوم والليلة عن زياد بن أيوب عن مروان بن معاوية عن عبد الواحد بن أيمن عن عبيد بن رفاعة عن أبيه به وفي الحديث المرفوع "من سرته حسنته وساءته سيئته فهو مؤمن".

النَّبِىُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ

(The Prophet is closer to the believers than themselves) (33:6). Then He clarifies that they fall short in overseeing their own benefit;

لَوْ يُطِيعُكُمْ فِى كَثِيرٍ مِّنَ الاٌّمْرِ لَعَنِتُّمْ

(7 cont. - If he were to obey you in much of the matter, you would surely be in trouble.) `if he obeys all of your opinions and desires, you will earn trouble and hardship.' Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,

وَلَوِ اتَّبَعَ الْحَقُّ أَهْوَآءَهُمْ لَفَسَدَتِ السَّمَـوَتُ وَالاٌّرْضُ وَمَن فِيهِنَّ بَلْ أَتَيْنَـهُمْ بِذِكْرِهِمْ فَهُمْ عَن ذِكْرِهِمْ مُّعْرِضُونَ

(And if the truth had been in accordance with their desires, verily, the heavens and the earth, and whosoever is therein would have been corrupted! Nay, We have brought them their reminder, but they turn away from their reminder.) (23:71) Allah's statement,

وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ حَبَّبَ إِلَيْكُمُ الايمَـنَ وَزَيَّنَهُ فِى قُلُوبِكُمْ

(7 cont. - But Allah has endeared the faith to you and has beautified it in your hearts,) `made faith dear to your souls and beautified it in your hearts.' Allah said,

وَكَرَّهَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْكُفْرَ وَالْفُسُوقَ وَالْعِصْيَانَ

(7 cont. - and has made disbelief, Fusuq and `Isyan hateful to you.) `He has made disbelief, sins, whether major or minor, and `Isyan -- all types of sins, hateful to you.' This statement transfers us from one level to a better level, to perfect Allah's bounty. Allah's statement next,

أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الرَشِدُونَ

(7 cont. - Such are they who are the rightly guided.) those who have these qualities are the rightly guided ones whom Allah has granted guidance and correctness. Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Rifa`ah Az-Zuraqi said that his father said, "During the battle of Uhud, when the idolators retreated, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«اسْتَوُوا حَتْى أُثْنِيَ عَلَى رَبِّي عَزَّ وَجَل»

(Stay in straight lines so that I praise my Lord, the Exalted and Most Honored.) They stood behind him in lines and he said,

«اللْهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ كُلُّهُ، اللْهُمَّ لَا قَابِضَ لِمَا بَسَطْتَ وَلَا بَاسِطَ لِمَا قَبَضْتَ، وَلَا هَادِيَ لِمَنْ أَضْلَلْتَ، وَلَا مُضِلَّ لِمَنْ هَدَيْتَ، وَلَا مُعْطِيَ لِمَا مَنَعْتَ وَلَا مَانِعَ لِمَا أَعْطَيْتَ، وَلَا مُقَرِّبَ لِمَا بَاعَدْتَ، وَلَا مُبَاعِدَ لِمَا قَرَّبْتَ. اللْهُمَّ ابْسُطْ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ بَرَكَاتِكَ وَرَحْمَتِكَ وَفَضْلِكَ وَرِزْقِكَ، اللْهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ النَّعِيمَ الْمُقِيمَ الَّذِي لَا يَحُولُ وَلَا يَزُولُ. اللْهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ النَّعِيمَ يَوْمَ الْعَيْلَةِ وَالْأَمْنَ يَوْمَ الْخَوْفِ. اللْهُمَّ إِنِّي عَائِذٌ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَعْطَيْتَنَا وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا مَنَعْتَنَا. اللْهُمَّ حَبِّبْ إِلَيْنَا الْإيمَانَ وَزَيِّنْهُ فِي قُلُوبِنَا وَكَرِّهْ إِلَيْنَا الْكُفْرَ وَالْفُسُوقَ وَالْعِصْيَانَ وَاجْعَلْنَا مِنَ الرَّاشِدِينَ. اللْهُمَّ تَوَفَّنَا مُسْلِمِينَ وَأَحْيِنَا مُسْلِمِينَ وَأَلْحِقْنَا بِالصَّالِحِينَ غَيْرَ خَزَايَا وَلَا مَفْتُونِينَ، اللْهُمَّ قَاتِلِ الْكَفَرَةَ الَّذِينَ يُكَذِّبُونَ رُسُلَكَ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِكَ وَاجْعَلْ عَلَيْهِمْ رِجْزَكَ وَعَذَابَكَ، اللْهُمَّ قَاتِلِ الْكَفَرَةَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ إِلهَ الْحَق»

(O Allah! Your is the praise. O Allah! There is none who can withhold what You send, or send what You withhold, or guide whom You send astray, or misguide whomever You guide, or give what You deprive, or deprive whom You give, or draw closer whom You cast or cast whom You draw closer. O Allah! Bestow on us from Your blessings, mercy, grace and provisions. O Allah! I ask You for the eternal delight that never ends or fades away. O Allah! I ask You for provisions on the Day of deprivation and safety on the Day of fear. O Allah! I seek refuge with You from the evil repercussions of what You have given us and from the evil of what You have deprived us of. O Allah! Make faith dear to us and beatify it in our hearts and make disbelief, Fusuq and `Isyan hateful to us, and make us among the rightly guided. O Allah! Allow us to die as Muslims, live as Muslims and join us with the ranks of the righteous ones, without tasting humiliation or turmoil. O Allah! Fight the disbelievers who deny Your Messengers and hinder others from Your path; send on them Your torment and punishment. O Allah! Fight the disbelievers who were given the Scriptures, the True God.)" An-Nasa'i collected this Hadith in `Amal Al-Yawm wal-Laylah. Allah said,

And know that the Messenger of God is among you so do not speak falsehood for God will inform him of the real state of affairs. If he were to obey you in many matters which you communicate contrary to reality so that the necessary evil consequences ensue you would surely be in trouble you would earn in addition to that sin the sin for the consequences that ensue from your error. But God has endeared faith to you adorning your hearts with it and He has made odious to you disbelief and immorality and disobedience an instance of suppletion with respect to import as opposed to lexical form; for the one to whom ‘faith has been endeared …’ and so forth will naturally be dissimilar in character to the mentioned reprobate. Those there is here a shift from the second to the third person address — they are the right-minded the ones firmly established upon the way of their religion;

The Holy Prophet's ﷺ Decision is Better

According to the previous verse, Walid Ibn 'Uqbah ؓ reported that Banul-Mustaliq had turned apostate and refused to pay Zakah. At this, the blessed Companions were disturbed and infuriated. They expressed the view that jihad should be declared on them immediately, but the Holy Prophet ﷺ rejected his report on the basis of strong circumstantial evidence to the contrary. He sent Khalid Ibn Walid for investigation. In the foregoing verse, the Qur’ an enjoined that if there are strong reasons to doubt the report conveyed by any person, it is not lawful to act upon it before investigation. In this verse the noble Companions ؓ are given one more guideline: 'Although when you heard the news about Banul-Mustaliq's apostasy, you reacted the way you reacted, and that was on account of your religious zeal and enthusiasm, yet your view was not right and proper. The decision taken by the Holy Prophet ﷺ proved to be better (Mazhari). Thus in matters requiring consultation it is proper to express a view but it is not proper for you to exert efforts to get the Holy Prophet ﷺ to act upon your opinion. Although there is a rare possibility that an opinion expressed by the Holy Prophet ﷺ in some worldly matters comes to be against worldly expedience, and this is not contrary to the station of his prophethood, yet Allah has gifted him with such insight, perspicacity and discernment which you do not have. Therefore, if the Holy Prophet ﷺ were to follow your opinion, in many matters, you will suffer loss and fall into difficulties. If rarely ever your opinion is right or proper, it is still better to abandon your opinion and obey the Holy Prophet ﷺ . By doing so it is possible that you may suffer some worldly loss, but it would not be as harmful as his following your opinion. In this case, even if you suffer any worldly loss, the reward of obedience to the Holy Prophet ﷺ is a better compensation.

Lexically, the word is derived from and it connotes "to commit a sin or crime" and it also means "to suffer from hardship". In this context, both connotations appropriately fit (Qurtubi).

(O ye who believe! If an evil-liver bring you tidings, verify it�) [49:6-8]. These verse were revealed about al-Walid ibn �Uqbah ibn Abi Mu�ayt. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, sent him to collect the poor-due from Banu�l-Mustaliq. However, there was an old enmity between him and them in the pre-Islamic period. When these people heard of his coming, they came out to receive him out of reverence for Allah, exalted is He, and His Messenger. But he was scared of them and the devil whispered to him that they wanted to kill him. He returned halfway and went to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, saying: �Banu�l-Mustaliq have refused to pay the poor-due and wanted to kill me�. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, became angry and was about to attack them. Meanwhile, when Banu�l-Mustaliq realised that the emissary had gone back, they went to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: �We heard of your emissary and we went out to receive him, honour him and give him that which was due upon us of the right of Allah, exalted is He. But your emissary went back and we feared that what sent him back might be a message he received from you because you are angry with us. And we seek refuge in Allah from His wrath and from the wrath of His Messenger�. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed (O ye who believe! If an evil-liver) i.e. al-Walid ibn �Uqbah (bring you tidings, verify it�). Al-Hakim Abu �Abd Allah al-Shadhyakhi informed us> Muhammad ibn �Abd Allah ibn Zakariyya al-Shaybani> Muhammad ibn �Abd al-Rahman al-Daghuli> Sa�id ibn Mas�ud> Muhammad ibn Sabiq> �Isa ibn Dinar> his father> al-Harith ibn Dirar who said: �I went to see the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and he invited me to embrace Islam. I embraced Islam and believed. He enjoined me to pay the poor-due and I agreed. I said: �O Messenger of Allah, I will go to my people and invite them to embrace Islam and pay the poor-due. I will collect the poor-due from whoever accepts my invitation and at such-and-such a time you send for me so that I bring you the poor-due I collect� �.