48:24 Al-Fath (The Victory)

يقول تعالى ممتنا على عباده بالعافية، من شر الكفار ومن قتالهم، فقال: { وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ } أي: أهل مكة { عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِنْ بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ } أي: من بعد ما قدرتم عليهم، وصاروا تحت ولايتكم بلا عقد ولا عهد، وهم نحو ثمانين رجلا، انحدروا على المسلمين ليصيبوا منهم غرة، فوجدوا المسلمين منتبهين فأمسكوهم، فتركوهم ولم يقتلوهم، رحمة من الله بالمؤمنين إذ لم يقتلوهم، { وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرًا } فيجازي كل عامل بعمله، ويدبركم أيها المؤمنون بتدبيره الحسن.

هذا امتنان من الله تعالى على عباده المؤمنين حين كف أيدي المشركين عنهم فلم يصل إليهم منهم سوء وكف أيدي المؤمنين عن المشركين فلم يقاتلوهم عند المسجد الحرام بل صان كلا من الفريقين وأوجد بينهم صلحا فيه خيرة للمؤمنين وعاقبة لهم في الدنيا والآخرة وقد تقدم في حديث سلمة بن الأكوع رضي الله عنه حين جاءوا بأولئك السبعين الأسارى فأوثقوهم بين يدي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فنظر إليهم فقال "أرسلوهم يكن لهم بدء الفجور وثناؤه" فال وفي ذلك أنزل الله عز وجل "وهو الذي كف أيديهم عنكم وأيديكم عنهم" الآية وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا يزيد بن هارون حدثنا حماد عن ثابت عن أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه قال لما كان يوم الحديبية هبط على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه ثمانون رجلا من أهل مكة بالسلاح من قبل جبل التنعيم يريدون غرة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فدعا عليهم فأخذوا قال عفان فعفا عنهم ونزلت هذه الآية "وهو الذي كف أيديهم عنكم وأيديكم عنهم ببطن مكة من بعد أن أظفركم عليهم" ورواه مسلم وأبو داود في سننه والترمذي والنسائي في التفسير من سننيهما من طرق عن حماد بن سلمة به وقال أحمد أيضا حدثنا زيد بن الحباب حدثنا الحسين بن واقد حدثنا ثابت البناني عن عبدالله بن مغفل المزنى رضي الله عنه قال كنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في أصل الشجرة التي قال تعالى في القرآن وكان يقع من أغصان تلك الشجرة على ظهر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وعلي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه وسهيل ابن عمرو بين يديه فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لعلي رضي الله عنه "اكتب بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم": فأخد سهيل بيده وقال ما نعرف الرحمن الرحيم: اكتب في قضيتنا ما نعرف فقال: "اكتب باسمك اللهم - وكتب: هذا ما صالح عليه محمد رسول الله أهل مكة "فأمسك سهيل بن عمرو بيده وقال لقد ظلمناك إن كنت رسوله اكتب في قضيتنا ما نعرف فقال: "اكتب هذا ما صالح عليه محمد بن عبدالله" فبينا نحن كذلك إذ خرج علينا ثلاثون شابا عليهم السلاح فثاروا في وجوهنا فدعا عليهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فأخذ الله تعالى بأسماعهم فقمنا إليهم فأخذناهم فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "هل جئتم في عهد أحد؟ أو هل جعل لكم أحد أمانا"؟ فقالوا لا فخلى سبيلهم فأنزل الله تعالى "وهو الذي كف أيديهم عنكم وأيديكم عنهم ببطن مكة من بعد أن أظفركم عليهم" الآية رواه النسائي من حديث حسين بن واقد به وقال ابن جرير حدثنا ابن حميد حدثنا يعقوب العمي حدثنا جعفر عن ابن أبزى قال لما خرج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بالهدي وانتهى إلى ذي الحليفة قال له عمر رضي الله عنه يا نبي الله تدخل على قوم لك حرب بغير سلاح ولا كراع؟ قال فبعث صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى المدينة فلم يدع فيها كراعا ولا سلاحا إلا حمله فلما دنا من مكة منعوه أن يدخل فسار حتى أتى مني فنزل بمنى فأتاه عينه أن عكرمة بن أبي جهل قد خرج عليك في خمسمائة فقال لخالد بن الوليد رضي الله عنه "يا خالد هذا ابن عمك قد أتاك في الخيل" فقال خالد رضي الله عنه أنا سيف الله وسيف رسوله فيومئذ سمي سيف الله فقال يا رسول الله ابعثني أين شئت فبعثه على خيل فلقي عكرمة في الشعب فهزمه حتى أدخله حيطان مكة ثم عاد في الثانية فهزمه حتى أدخله حيطان مكة ثم عاد في الثالثة فهزمه حتى أدخله حيطان مكة فأنزل الله تعالى "وهو الذي كف أيديهم عنكم وأيديكم عنهم ببطن مكة - إلى قوله تعالى - عذابا أليما" قال فكف الله عز وجل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عنهم من بعد أن أظفره عليهم لبقايا من المسلمين كانوا أبقوا فيها كراهية أن تطأهم الخيل ورواه ابن أبي حاتم عن ابن أبزى بنحوه وهذا السياق فيه نظر فإنه لا يجوز أن يكون عام الحديبية لأن خالدا رضي الله عنه لم يكن أسلم بل قد كان طليعة للمشركين يومئذ كما ثبت في الصحيح ولا يجوز أن يكون في عمرة القضاء لأنهم قاضوه على أن يأتي في العام القابل فيعتمر ويقيم بمكة ثلاثه أيام ولما قدم صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يمانعوه ولا حاربوه ولا قاتلوه فإن قيل فيكون يوم الفتح فالجواب ولا يجوز أن يكون يوم الفتح لأنه لم يسق عام الفتح هديا وإنما جاء محاربا مقاتلا في جيش عرمرم فهذا السياق فيه خلل وقد وقع فيه شيء فليتأمل والله أعلم وقال ابن إسحاق: حدثني من لا أتهم عن عكرمة مولى ابن عباس رضي الله عنه قال إن قريشا بعثوا أربعين رجلا منهم أو خمسين وأمروهم أن يطيفوا بعسكر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ليصيبوا من أصحابه أحدا فأخذوا أخذا فأتي بهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فعفا عنهم وخلى سبيلهم وقد كانوا رموا إلى عسكر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بالحجارة والنبل قال ابن إسحاق وفي ذلك أنزل الله تعالى "وهو الذي كف أيديهم عنكم وأيديكم عنهم" الآية وقال قتادة ذكر لنا أن رجلا يقال له ابن زنيم اطلع على الثنية من الحديبية فرماه المشركون بسهم فقتلوه فبعث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم خيلا فأتوه باثني عشر من الكفار فقال لهم "هل لكم علي عهد؟ هل لكم علي ذمة؟ "قالوا لا فأرسلهم وأنزل الله تعالى فى ذلك "وهو الذي كف أيديهم عنكم وأيديكم عنهم" الآية.

Good News of abundant Spoils of War

Mujahid said that Allah's statement,

وَعَدَكُمُ اللَّهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً تَأْخُذُونَهَا

(Allah has promised you abundant spoils that you will capture,) refers to the spoils that Muslims earned up until this time, while,

فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَـذِهِ

(and He has hastened for you this,) means, the conquest of Khaybar. Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said,

فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَـذِهِ

(and He has hastened for you this,) means, "The peace treaty of Al-Hudaybiyyah." Allah said,

وَكَفَّ أَيْدِىَ النَّاسِ عَنْكُمْ

(and He has restrained the hands of men from you,) meaning, `no harm that your enemies had planned against you, both fighting and warfare, touched you. Allah also restrained the hands of men, whom you left behind close to your families and children, from harming them,'

وَلِتَكُونَ ءَايَةً لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ

(that it may be a sign for the believers,) with which they take heed and understand. Verily, Allah the Exalted and Most Honored shall help and protect the believers against all enemies, even though the believers are few in number. By doing so, the believers will come to know that Allah is truly the Knower of the consequences of all matters and that the best decisions are those which He prefers for His believing servants, even though these decisions might look unfavorable outwardly,

وَعَسَى أَن تَكْرَهُواْ شَيْئًا وَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ

(It may be that you dislike a thing that is good for you) (2:216). Allah said,

وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ صِرَطاً مُّسْتَقِيماً

(and that He may guide you to the straight path) on account of your obeying His commands and adhering by His orders by following the path of His Messenger ,

Good News of continuous Muslim Victories until the Day of Resurrection

The statement of Allah the Exalted and Most Honored,

وَأُخْرَى لَمْ تَقْدِرُواْ عَلَيْهَا قَدْ أَحَاطَ اللَّهُ بِهَا وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيراً

(And other (victories) which are not yet within your power; indeed Allah encompasses them. And Allah is Ever Able to do all things.) Meaning, there are other war spoils and victories to come which are not within your grasp now. However, Allah will make them within your reach and indeed He compasses all these victories for your benefit. Surely, Allah the Exalted provides provisions and sustenance for His servants who have Taqwa, from resources they could never imagine. Scholars of Tafsir differ over the reference to other war spoils mentioned here. Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said that it refers to the conquest of Khaybar. This meaning is sound according to the Ayah,

فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَـذِهِ

(and He has hastened for you this.) which refers to the treaty of Al-Hudaybiyyah. This is view of Ad-Dahhak, Muhammad bin Ishaq and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. Qatadah said that this part of the Ayah refers to the conquest of Makkah, and this opinion was preferred by Ibn Jarir. Ibn Abi Layla and Al-Hasan Al-Basri said that it refers to victories over the Persians and the Romans, while Mujahid said that it refers to every victory and all spoils of war, until the Day of Resurrection. Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi recorded that Ibn `Abbas commented on the Ayah,

وَأُخْرَى لَمْ تَقْدِرُواْ عَلَيْهَا قَدْ أَحَاطَ اللَّهُ بِهَا

(And other (victories) which are not yet within your power; indeed Allah compasses them.), "They are the victories that are continuing until this day."

Had Makkah's Disbelievers fought at Al-Hudaybiyyah, They would have retreated in Defeat

Allah said,

وَلَوْ قَـتَلَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كفَرُواْ لَوَلَّوُاْ الاٌّدْبَـرَ ثُمَّ لاَ يَجِدُونَ وَلِيّاً وَلاَ نَصِيراً

(And if those who disbelieve fight against you, they certainly would have turned their backs; then they would have found neither a protector nor a helper.) Allah the Exalted and Most Honored delivers the glad tidings to His believing servants that had the idolators fought them, Allah would have given victory to His Messenger and His faithful servants. Then, the army of the disbelievers would have been defeated and would have deserted the battlefield and fled. They would not have found any helper or supporter, because they were fighting Allah, His Messenger and His Faithful Party. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,

سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِى قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلُ وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ اللَّهِ تَبْدِيلاً

(That has been the way of Allah already with those who passed away before. And you will not find any change in the way of Allah.) means this is the way Allah deals with His creation. Whenever faith and disbelief meet at any distinguishing juncture, Allah gives victory to faith over disbelief, raises high truth and destroys falsehood. For instance, Allah the Exalted helped His loyal faithful supporters during the battle of Badr and they defeated His idolator enemies, even though the Muslims were few in num- ber and lightly armed, while the idolators were large in number and heavily armed. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,

وَهُوَ الَّذِى كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُم بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِن بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيراً

(And He it is Who has withheld their hands from you and your hands from them in the midst of Makkah, after He had made you victors over them. And Allah is Ever the All-Seer of what you do.) Allah the Exalted reminds His faithful servants of His favor when He restrained the hands of the idolators, and thereby, no harm touched the Muslims from the idolators. Allah restrained the hands of the believers and they did not fight the idolaters near Al-Masjid Al-Haram. Rather, Allah saved both parties from battle and brought forth a peace treaty that produced good results for the believers, in addition to, earning them the good end in this life and the Hereafter. We stated a Hadith from Salamah bin Al-Akwa` in which he narrated that when the Muslims brought forth those seventy idolator prisoners, they tied and paraded them before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who looked at them and said,

«أَرْسِلُوهُمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ بَدْءُ الْفُجُورِ وَثِنَاه»

(Release them, so that they earn the burden of starting hostilities and its infamy.) Thereafter, Allah the Exalted and Most Honored sent down this Ayah about that incident,

وَهُوَ الَّذِى كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُم

(And He it is Who has withheld their hands from you and your hands from them...) Imam Ahmad recor- ded that Anas bin Malik said, "On the day of Hudaybiyyah, eighty armed men from Makkah went down the valley coming from Mount At-Tan`im to ambush the Messen- ger of Allah . The Messenger invoked Allah against them, and they were taken prisoners." `Affan added, "The Messenger ﷺ pardoned them, and this Ayah was later on revealed,

وَهُوَ الَّذِى كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُم بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِن بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ

(And He it is Who has withheld their hands from you and your hands from them in the midst of Makkah, after He had made you victors over them.)" Muslim, Abu Dawud in his Sunan and At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i, in the Tafsir section of their Sunan, collected this Hadith.

And it is He Who withheld their hands from you and your hands from them in the valley of Mecca at al-Hudaybiyya after He had made you victors over them for eighty of them surrounded your camp in order to inflict losses upon you but they were captured and taken to the Prophet s who pardoned them and set them free and this resulted in the truce. And God is ever Seer of what you do read ta‘malūna or ya‘malūna ‘they do’ that is to say He is ever possessed of this attribute.

Commentary

بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ (...in the valley of Makkah...) The Arabic word used here is batn which means 'belly' and in relation to a city, it refers to its center.

However, in the present context it is used for Hudaibiyah, because of its close proximity to Makkah. This supports the Hanafi view that some parts of Hudaibiyah are included in the حِرِم Haram. The relevant details may be found in our commentary on the verse 2:196.

(And He it is Who hath withheld me�s hands from you, and hath withheld your hands from them�) [48:24]. Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Farisi informed us> Muhammad ibn �Isa ibn �Amrawayh> Ibrahim ibn Muhammad> Muslim> �Amr al-Naqid> Yazid ibn Harun> Hammad ibn Salamah> Thabit> Anas who reported that eighty men from Mecca came down mount al-Tan�im intending to take on the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, and his Companions by surprise. However, he captured them and spared their lives, and so Allah, exalted is He, revealed (And He it is Who hath withheld men�s hands from you, and hath withheld your hands from them, after He had made you victors over them). �Abd Allah ibn Mughaffal al-Muzani said: �We were with the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, at al-Hudaybiyyah close to the base of the tree which was mentioned in the Qur�an when thirty armed youths suddenly charged on us. The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, prayed against them, and Allah, exalted is He, took away their sight. We then bounced on them and seized them. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, asked them: �Have you come under the protection of someone? Has anyone given you a guarantee of safety?� They said: �No, by Allah!� He let them go after which Allah, exalted is He, revealed (And He it is Who hath withheld men�s hands from you, and hath withheld your hands from them�)�.