48:19 Al-Fath (The Victory)

{ وَمَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً يَأْخُذُونَهَا وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا } أي: له العزة والقدرة، التي قهر بها الأشياء، فلو شاء لانتصر من الكفار في كل وقعة تكون بينهم وبين المؤمنين، ولكنه حكيم، يبتلي بعضهم ببعض، ويمتحن المؤمن بالكافر.

قال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن يحيى بن سعيد القطان حدثنا عبيدالله بن موسى يعني ابن عبيدة حدثني إياس بن سلمة عن أبيه قال بينما نحن قائلون إذ نادى منادي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أيها الناس البيعة البيعة نزل روح القدس قال فثرنا إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو تحت شجرة سمرة فبايعناه فذلك قول الله تعالى "لقد رضي الله عن المؤمنين إذ يبايعونك تحت الشجرة" قال فبايع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لعثمان رضي الله عنه بإحدى يديه على الأخرى فقال الناس هنيئا لابن عفان يطوف بالبيت ونحن ههنا فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "لو مكث كذا وكذا سنة ما طاف حتى أطوف".

Good News to the Participants of the Ridwan Pledge of Allah's Pleasure and earning Spoils of War

Allah declares that He is pleased with the believers who gave the pledge to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ under the tree. We mentioned the number of these believers as being one thousand and four hundred and that the tree was a Samurah tree, located in the area of Hudaybiyyah. Al-Bukhari narrated from Tariq that `Abdur-Rahman said, "I went on Hajj and passed by people praying and asked, `What is this Masjid' They said, `This is the tree where the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took the pledge of Ar-Ridwan.' So, I went to Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib and told him. Sa`id said, `My father told me that he was among those who gave their pledge to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ under the tree. My father said: The following year, when we went out, we forgot its place and could not agree which tree it was.' Sa`id said, `The Companions of Muhammad ﷺ forgot where the tree was, but you know where it is. Therefore, you have better knowledge than them!"' Allah said,

فَعَلِمَ مَا فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ

(He knew what was in their hearts,) meaning, of truthfulness, trustworthiness, obedience and adherence,

فَأنزَلَ السَّكِينَةَ

(and He sent down As-Sakinah), calmness and tranquillity,

عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَثَـبَهُمْ فَتْحاً قَرِيباً

(upon them, and He rewarded them with a near victory.) in reference to the goodness that Allah the Exalted and Most Honored caused to happened to the Companions on account of the peace treaty between them and their disbelieving enemies. Ever after that, the Companions gained abundant, general and continuous benefits and accomplishments, leading to the conquest of Khaybar and Makkah and then the various surrounding provinces and areas. They earned tremendous glory, triumphs and an elevated and honorable status in this life and in the Hereafter, just as Allah the Exalted said,

وَمَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً يَأْخُذُونَهَا وَكَان اللَّهُ عَزِيزاً حَكِيماً

(And abundant spoils that they will capture. And Allah is Ever All-Mighty, All-Wise.)

and abundant spoils which they will capture from Khaybar and God is ever Mighty Wise that is to say He is ever possessed of such attributes.

وَمَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَ‌ةً يَأْخُذُونَهَا (and many spoils that they would receive...48:19) This clause refers to the great booty that fell into the hands of Muslims during the conquest of Khaibar.