46:4 Al-Ahqaf (The Dunes)

أي: { قُلْ } لهؤلاء الذين أشركوا بالله أوثانا وأندادا لا تملك نفعا ولا ضرا ولا موتا ولا حياة ولا نشورا، قل لهم -مبينا عجز أوثانهم وأنها لا تستحق شيئا من العبادة-: { أَرُونِي مَاذَا خَلَقُوا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ أَمْ لَهُمْ شِرْكٌ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ } هل خلقوا من أجرام السماوات والأرض شيئا؟ هل خلقوا جبالا؟ هل أجروا أنهارا؟ هل نشروا حيوانا؟ هل أنبتوا أشجارا؟ هل كان منهم معاونة على خلق شيء من ذلك؟لا شيء من ذلك بإقرارهم على أنفسهم فضلا عن غيرهم، فهذا دليل عقلي قاطع على أن كل من سوى الله فعبادته باطلة.ثم ذكر انتفاء الدليل النقلي فقال: { اِئْتُونِي بِكِتَابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ هَذَا } الكتاب يدعو إلى الشرك { أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ } موروث عن الرسل يأمر بذلك. من المعلوم أنهم عاجزون أن يأتوا عن أحد من الرسل بدليل يدل على ذلك، بل نجزم ونتيقن أن جميع الرسل دعوا إلى توحيد ربهم ونهوا عن الشرك به، وهي أعظم ما يؤثر عنهم من العلم قال تعالى: { وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولًا أَنِ اُعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ } وكل رسول قال لقومه: { اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرُهُ } فعلم أن جدال المشركين في شركهم غير مستندين فيه على برهان ولا دليل وإنما اعتمدوا على ظنون كاذبة وآراء كاسدة وعقول فاسدة. يدلك على فسادها استقراء أحوالهم وتتبع علومهم وأعمالهم والنظر في حال من أفنوا أعمارهم بعبادته هل أفادهم شيئا في الدنيا أو في الآخرة؟

ثم قال تعالى "قل" أي لهؤلاء المشركين العابدين مع الله غيره "أرأيتم ما تدعون من دون الله أروني ماذا خلقوا من الأرض" أي أرشدوني إلى المكان الذي استقلوا بخلقه من الأرض "أم لهم شرك في السموات" أي ولا شرك لهم في السموات ولا في الأرض وما يملكون من قطمير إن الملك والتصرف كله إلا لله عز وجل فكيف تعبدون معه غيره وتشركون به؟ من أرشدكم إلى هذا؟ من دعاكم إليه؟ أهو أمركم به؟ أم هو شيء اقترحتموه من عند أنفسكم؟ ولهذا قال "ائتوني بكتاب من قبل هذا" أي هاتوا كتابا من كتب الله المنزلة على الأنبياء عليهم الصلاة والسلام يأمركم بعبادة هذه الأصنام "أو أثارة من علم" أي دليل بين علي هذا المسلك الذي سلكتموه "إن كنتم صادقين" أي لا دليل لكم لا نقليا ولا عقليا على ذلك ولهذا قرأ آخرون أو أثرة من علم أي أو علم صحيح تؤثرونه عن أحد ممن قبلكم كما قال مجاهد في قوله تعالى "أو أثارة من علم" أو أحد يأثر علما وقال العوفي عن ابن عباس أو بينة من الأمر. وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا يحيى عن سفيان عن صفوان بن سليم عن أبي سلمة بن عبدالرحمن عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال سفيان لا أعلم إلا عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أو أثرة من علم قال الخط. وقال أبو بكر بن عياش أو بقية من علم وقال الحسن البصري أو أثارة شيء يستخرجه فيثيره وقال ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما ومجاهد وأبو بكر ابن عياش أيضا أو أثارة من علم يعني الخط وقال قتادة أو أثارة من علم خاصة من علم وكل هذه الأقوال متقاربة وهي راجعة إلى ما قلناه وهو اختيار ابن جرير رحمه الله وأكرمه وأحسن مثواه.

Which was revealed in Makkah

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

The Qur'an is a Revelation from Allah and the Universe is His True Creation

Allah informs that He has revealed the Book to His servant and Messenger Muhammad -- may Allah's blessings be upon him until the Day of Judgement. Allah then describes Himself as being of unimaginable glory, possessing ultimate wisdom in His statements and actions. Allah then says,

مَا خَلَقْنَا السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَآ إِلاَّ بِالْحَقِّ

(We created not the heavens and the earth and all that is between them except in truth,) meaning, not in idle play and falsehood.

وَأَجَلٌ مُّسَمًّى

(and for a specified term.) meaning, for a fixed and specified duration that will not increase or decrease. Allah continues,

وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ عَمَّآ أُنذِرُواْ مُعْرِضُونَ

(But those who disbelieve, turn away from that of which they are warned.) Meaning, the disbelievers are distracted from what is intended for them. Allah has indeed revealed to them a Book and sent to them a Messenger. Yet, they obstinately turn away from all of that. Therefore, they will soon realize the consequence of their behavior.

Refuting the Idolators

Allah then says,

قُلْ

(Say) meaning, to these idolators who worship others besides Allah.

أَرَأَيْتُمْ مَّا تَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ أَرُونِى مَاذَا خَلَقُواْ مِنَ الاٌّرْضِ

(Think you about all that you invoke besides Allah Show me what they have created of the earth) (46:4) meaning, `show me the place that they have independently created from the earth.'

أَمْ لَهُمْ شِرْكٌ فِى السَّمَـوَتِ

(Or have they a share in the heavens) which means that they are not partners in anything in the heavens, nor on earth. They do not own even the thin membrane covering a date's pit. The dominion and control only belong to Allah, Exalted is He. `How then would you worship others or join them as partners with Him Who guided you to that Who called you to that Did He command you to do it, or is it something that you suggested yourselves' Thus, He says,

ائْتُونِى بِكِتَـبٍ مِّن قَبْلِ هَـذَآ

(Bring me a scripture prior to this) meaning, `bring a book from among the Books of Allah that have been revealed to the Prophets, that commands you to worship these idols.'

أَوْ أَثَـرَةٍ مِّنْ عِلْمٍ

(or some trace of knowledge,) meaning, `some clear evidence justifying this way you have chosen.'

إِن كُنتُمْ صَـدِقِينَ

(if you are truthful!) meaning, `you have absolutely no evidence for that -- neither textual (from revelation) nor rational.' For this reason, some recited it; (أَوْ أَثَرَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ) "or something inherited from knowledge" meaning, `or true knowledge that you have inherited from anyone before you.' This is similar to Mujahid's statement when he said,

أَوْ أَثَـرَةٍ مِّنْ عِلْمٍ

(or some trace of knowledge.) "Or anyone who has inherited any knowledge." Allah then says,

وَمَنْ أَضَلُّ مِمَّن يَدْعُو مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ مَن لاَّ يَسْتَجِيبُ لَهُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَـمَةِ وَهُمْ عَن دُعَآئِهِمْ غَـفِلُونَ

(And who is more astray than those who invokes besides Allah others who will not answer them until the Day of Resurrection, and who are unaware of their invocations to them) meaning, no one is more misguided than those who invoke idols instead of Allah, asking them for things that they cannot give -- until the Day of Judgment. They (the idols) are unaware of what he asks, they can neither hear, see, or act. This is because they are inanimate, senseless stones. Allah then says,

وَإِذَا حُشِرَ النَّاسُ كَانُواْ لَهُمْ أَعْدَآءً وَكَانُواْ بِعِبَادَتِهِمْ كَـفِرِينَ

(And when mankind are gathered, they will become their enemies and will deny their worship.) This is similar to Allah's saying:

وَاتَّخَذُواْ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ ءالِهَةً لِّيَكُونُواْ لَهُمْ عِزّاً

كَلاَّ سَيَكْفُرُونَ بِعِبَـدَتِهِمْ وَيَكُونُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ ضِدّاً

(They have taken gods beside Allah, that they might give them dignity. No! They will deny their worship of them, and will be opponents to them.) (19:81, 82) meaning, they will betray them when they need them the most. (Ibrahim) Al-Khalil, peace be upon him, said:

إِنَّمَا اتَّخَذْتُمْ مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ أَوْثَـناً مَّوَدَّةَ بَيْنِكُمْ فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا ثُمَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ يَكْفُرُ بَعْضُكُمْ بِبَعْضٍ وَيَلْعَنُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضاً وَمَأْوَاكُمُ النَّارُ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِّن نَّـصِرِينَ

(You have taken only idols besides Allah! The love between you is only in the life of this world. On the Day of Resurrection, you shall disown each other and curse each other, and your abode will be the Fire, and you shall have no helpers.)(29:25)

Say ‘Have you considered say Inform me about what you invoke what you worship besides God? namely the idols min dūni’Llāhi constitutes the first object of the verb. Show me — inform me — arūnī repeated for emphasis what they have created mādhā khalaqū the second object of the earth mina’l-ardi the explication of mā ‘what part’. Or do they have any share any partnership in the creation of the heavens? with God? am ‘or’ has the significance of the rhetorical interrogative hamza of denial. Bring me a scripture that has been revealed before this Qur’ān or some vestige some remnant of knowledge transmitted from the ancients confirming the soundness of your claim that your worship of the idols brings you closer to God if you are truthful’ in your claim.

Commentary

قُلْ أَرَ‌أَيْتُم مَّا تَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّـهِ (Say, "Tell me about those whom you invoke instead of Allah,...46:4) In these verses, the claim of the polytheists about the existence of some other gods has been refuted by demanding a proof to substantiate this claim, because no claim can be accepted, neither rationally nor according to the religious principles, unless it is proved by concrete evidences to support it. Then dealing with all possible types of arguments, it has been proved that they do not have any evidence or proof in their favor, and that their insisting on such a baseless claim is nothing but deviation from the truth. The arguments have been classified by these verses in three types. One is a rational argument. Verse 4 negates any argument of this type in their favor by saying, أَرُ‌ونِي مَاذَا خَلَقُوا مِنَ الْأَرْ‌ضِ أَمْ لَهُمْ شِرْ‌كٌ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ "Show me what they have created of the earth; Or have they a share in (the creation of the heavens?" (46:4)

The second type of argument is that which refers to and relies on the statement of an authority. It is obvious that, in any matter concerning Allah, no one can be an authority except Allah Himself, and His statements can be proved either by the divine books, like Torah, Injil or Qur'an, or by the sayings of the prophets sent by Him. Negation of the first type of authority in their case is established by saying, ائْتُونِي بِكِتَابٍ مِّن قَبْلِ هَـٰذَا "Bring to me a book (revealed) before this one, (46:4) " meaning that if you have any proof of this type, then bring the book revealed before the Qur'an which allows idol-worship. And the second type of argument (that may be based on the saying of a prophet) has been negated by saying, أَوْ أَثَارَ‌ةٍ مِّنْ عِلْمٍ "or a trace of knowledge," (46:4) meaning thereby that if you cannot bring any revealed book to prove the validity of idol-worship, then at least put forward any authentic saying of any prophet which proves your contention. And if you can do neither, then your words and deeds are totally misguided.

The original word used in the text is 'atharah' which is an infinitive in the sense of 'reporting' and has been explained by ` Ikrimah and Muqatil to mean a dictum of a prophet.

The explanation given above is taken from the Tafsir of Qurtubi, and this is the explanation accepted by most exegetes. There are some other views in the interpretation of this verse, but they are neither well-established, nor in full harmony with the textual structure. Therefore, they are not adopted by the majority of the exegetes. (Allah knows best)