46:35 Al-Ahqaf (The Dunes)

ثم أمر تعالى رسوله أن يصبر على أذية المكذبين المعادين له وأن لا يزال داعيا لهم إلى الله وأن يقتدي بصبر أولي العزم من المرسلين سادات الخلق أولي العزائم والهمم العالية الذين عظم صبرهم، وتم يقينهم، فهم أحق الخلق بالأسوة بهم والقفو لآثارهم والاهتداء بمنارهم.فامتثل صلى الله عليه وسلم لأمر ربه فصبر صبرا لم يصبره نبي قبله حتى رماه المعادون له عن قوس واحدة، وقاموا جميعا بصده عن الدعوة إلى الله وفعلوا ما يمكنهم من المعاداة والمحاربة، وهو صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يزل صادعا بأمر الله مقيما على جهاد أعداء الله صابرا على ما يناله من الأذى، حتى مكن الله له في الأرض وأظهر دينه على سائر الأديان وأمته على الأمم، فصلى الله عليه وسلم تسليما.وقوله: { وَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلْ لَهُمْ } أي: لهؤلاء المكذبين المستعجلين للعذاب فإن هذا من جهلهم وحمقهم فلا يستخفنك بجهلهم ولا يحملك ما ترى من استعجالهم على أن تدعو الله عليهم بذلك فإن كل ما هو آت قريب، و { كَأَنَّهُمْ يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَ مَا يُوعَدُونَ لَمْ يَلْبَثُوا } في الدنيا { إِلَّا سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ } فلا يحزنك تمتعهم القليل وهم صائرون إلى العذاب الوبيل.{ بَلَاغٌ } أي: هذه الدنيا متاعها وشهوتها ولذاتها بلغة منغصة ودفع وقت حاضر قليل.أو هذا القرآن العظيم الذي بينا لكم فيه البيان التام بلاغ لكم، وزاد إلى الدار الآخرة، ونعم الزاد والبلغة زاد يوصل إلى دار النعيم ويعصم من العذاب الأليم، فهو أفضل زاد يتزوده الخلائق وأجل نعمة أنعم الله بها عليهم.{ فَهَلْ يُهْلَكُ } بالعقوبات { إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ } أي: الذين لا خير فيهم وقد خرجوا عن طاعة ربهم ولم يقبلوا الحق الذي جاءتهم به الرسل.وأعذر الله لهم وأنذرهم فبعد ذلك إذ يستمرون على تكذيبهم وكفرهم نسألالله العصمة.آخر تفسير سورة الأحقاف، والحمد لله رب العالمين

ثم قال تبارك وتعالى آمرا رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم بالصبر تكذيب من كذبه قومه "فاصبر كما صبر أولو العزم من الرسل" أي على تكذيب قومهم لهم وقد اختلفوا في تعداد أولي العزم على أقوال وأشهرها أنهم نوح وإبراهيم وموسى وعيسى وخاتم الأنبياء كلهم محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم قد نص الله تعالى على أسمائهم من بين الأنبياء في آيتين من سورتي الأحزاب والشورى وقد يحتمل أن يكون المراد بأولي العزم جميع الرسل فتكون "من" في قوله من الرسل لبيان الجنس والله أعلم وقد قال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا محمد بن الحجاج الحضرمي حدثنا السري بن حيان حدثنا عباد بن عباد حدثنا مجالد بن سعيد عن الشعبي عن مسروق قال: قالت يا عائشة رضي الله عنها ظل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صائما ثم طواه ثم ظل صائما ثم طواه ثم ظل صائما ثم قال " يا عائشة إن الدنيا لا تنبغي لمحمد ولا لآل محمد يا عائشة إن الله تعالى لم يرض من أولى العزم من الرسل إلا بالصبر على مكروهها والصبر عن محبوبها ثم لم يرض مني إلا أن يكلفني ما كلفهم "فاصبر كما صبر أولو العزم من الرسل" وإني والله لأصبرن كما صبروا جهدي ولا قوة إلا بالله " "ولا تستعجل لهم" أي لا تستعجل لهم حلول العقوبة بهم كقوله تبارك وتعالى "فذرني والمكذبين أولي النعمة ومهلهم قليلا" وكقوله تعالى "فمهل الكافرين أمهلهم رويدا" "كأنهم يوم يرون ما يوعدون لم يلبثوا إلا ساعة من نهار" كقوله جل وعلا "كأنهم يوم يرونها لم يلبثوا إلا عشية أو ضحاها" وكقوله عز وجل "ويوم نحشرهم كأن لم يلبثوا إلا ساعة من النهار يتعارفون بينهم" الآية وقوله جل وعلا "بلاغ" قال ابن جرير يحتمل معنيين "أحدهما" أن يكون تقديره وذلك لبث بلاغ "وآخر" أن يكون تقديره هذا القرآن بلاغ. وقوله تعالى "فهل يهلك إلا القوم الفاسقون" أي لا يهلك على الله إلا هالك. وهذا من عدله عز وجل أنه لا يعذب إلا من يستحق العذاب والله أعلم. آخر تفسير سورة الأحقاف ولله الحمد والمنة وبه التوفيق والعصمة.

Commanding the Prophet to persevere

Allah then commands His Messenger to observe patience with those who rejected him among his people. He says,

فَاصْبِرْ كَمَا صَبَرَ أُوْلُواْ الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ

(Therefore be patient as did those of determination among the Messengers.) meaning, as they were patient with their people's rejection of them. "Those of determination" among the Messengers are Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, `Isa and the last of all of the Prophets, Muhammad ﷺ. Allah has specifically mentioned their names in two Ayat: Surat Al-Ahzab (33:7) and Surat Ash-Shura (42:13).

وَلاَ تَسْتَعْجِل لَّهُمْ

(and be in no hurry for them.) which means, `do not rush the punishment for them.' This is similar to Allah's saying:

وَذَرْنِى وَالْمُكَذِّبِينَ أُوْلِى النَّعْمَةِ وَمَهِّلْهُمْ قَلِيلاً

(And leave Me alone to deal with the rejectors, those who are in possession of good things of life. And give them respite for a little while.) (73:11)

فَمَهِّلِ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَمْهِلْهُمْ رُوَيْداً

(So allow time for the disbelievers, and leave them for a while.) (86:17) Then Allah says:

كَأَنَّهُمْ يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَ مَا يُوعَدُونَ لَمْ يَلْبَثُواْ إِلاَّ سَاعَةً مِّن نَّهَارٍ

(On the Day when they will see that which they are promised, it will be as though they had not remained (in the world) except an hour in a day.) Which is similar to Allah's saying,

كَأَنَّهُمْ يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَهَا لَمْ يَلْبَثُواْ إِلاَّ عَشِيَّةً أَوْ ضُحَـهَا

(On the Day they see it (the Hour), it will be as though they had not remained (in the world) except for a day's afternoon or its morning.) (79:46) and as He says,

وَيَوْمَ يَحْشُرُهُمْ كَأَن لَّمْ يَلْبَثُواْ إِلاَّ سَاعَةً مِّنَ النَّهَارِ يَتَعَارَفُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ

(And on the Day when He shall gather them together, (it will be) as if they had not stayed but an hour of a day. They will recognize each other.)(10:45) Then Allah says,

بَلاَغٌ

(A clear message.) meaning, this Qur'an provides a clear concept.

فَهَلْ يُهْلَكُ إِلاَّ الْقَوْمُ الْفَـسِقُونَ

(But will any be destroyed except the defiantly rebellious people) Which means that Allah does not destroy anyone except those who choose the way of destruction. It is part of Allah's justice that He does not punish anyone except those who deserve the punishment -- and Allah knows best. This concludes the explanation of Surat Al-Ahqaf. And all praise and blessings are due to Allah. Both success and protection from faults are by His help.

So endure with patience the harm done to you by your people just as the resolute those of constancy and power of endurance during hardships from among the messengers endured with patience before you so that you may be one of resolve like them min of mina’l-rusuli is explicative as all of them were men of resolve; but some say that this particle min is actually meant to be partitive since excluded from their number are Adam on the basis of God’s saying exalted be He And We did not find in him any constancy Q. 20115; and Jonah on the basis of His words And do not be like the One of the fish Q. 6848. And do not seek to hasten it for them for your people the sending down of the chastisement on them. Some say that he the Prophet seemed by this stage to have become exasperated because of them and desired that chastisement be sent down on them which is why he was enjoined to exercise patience and to refrain from hastening the chastisement for them — for it would befall them eventually without doubt. It shall seem for them on the day when they see what they are promised of chastisement in the Hereafter given its long duration as though they had tarried in this world by their reckoning only an hour of a day. This Qur’ān is a communication a proclamation from God to you. So shall any be destroyed that is to say none shall be destroyed upon seeing the chastisement but the immoral folk? that is to say the disbelieving folk.

Commentary

أُولُو الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّ‌سُلِ (...as the resolute messengers observed patience - 46:35). The word 'resolute' has been used here as a qualification for all the messengers, and not only for some of them, because the word 'min' used with 'rusul' is not, according to the authentic exegetes, in the sense of 'some'. It is rather for 'Bayan' (description), to use the grammatical term. The sense is that all messengers are resolute people. Of course, variation in the grades of qualities between messengers is proved from the Holy Qur'an itself:

تِلْكَ الرُّ‌سُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ

Those are the messengers some of whom We have given excellence over some others (2:253)

Therefore those prophets who excel other prophets in the quality of being resolute and courageous have been given this title in a special way, although there are differences of opinion as to who they are. Majority opinion is that this special title is given to those prophets who have been mentioned in the following verse of Sarah Al-Ahzab verse 7:

وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ مِيثَاقَهُمْ وَمِنكَ وَمِن نُّوحٍ وَإِبْرَ‌اهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْ‌يَمَ

And (recall) when We took from the prophets their covenant, and from you and from Nuh and Ibrahim and Musa and 'Isa, the son of Maryam. And We did take from them a firm covenant, (33:7)

Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ states that the Holy Prophet ﷺ has said "The delights, luxuries and pleasures of this world do not befit Muhammad ﷺ and his family, because Allah Ta’ ala does not accept anything less than patience from those who are 'resolute', and I have received this divine order: '"So, 0 prophet, observe patience, as the resolute messengers observed patience. (46:35) "

Al-hamdu1i11ah

The Commentary on

Surah Al-Alikaf (The Sand-dunes)

Ends here

So be patient, as the messengers possessed of resoluteness were patient. And seek not to hurry it for them. On the day they see what they were promised, it will be as if they had not delayed for an hour of daytime. God's Messenger heard so many insults and ill words from the unbelievers and underwent so much suffering from them that he became anguished. Because of that anguish he wished in his heart that a punishment would reach them and they would taste chastisement. The Lord of the Worlds sent this verse: “So be patient... and seek not to hurry it. O MuḤammad, be patient with the torment and insults of the associaters and do not hasten to chastise and punish them. Emulate your brothers the prophets. They were patient with the sufferings and repellant things from their people. They knew that all of it was Our decree, so they did not complain or become anguished. You do the same that they did. O MuḤammad, so emulate their guidance [6:90]. Do you not know that one of My names is the Patient? The patient is he who does not hurry to punish: 'He gives respite but does not disregard.'” When the faithful servant believes that the Real is the Patient, he must make patience his own holdfast and support in order to increase in faith. MuṣṬafā said, “Patience is half of faith, and certainty is all of faith.” The station of patience is the station of the worshipers, and the station of certainty is the station of the recognizers. MuṣṬafā said to Ibn ʿAbbās, “If you can act for God with approval and certainty, do so. Other- wise, there is great good in patience with what you dislike.” First he called him to certainty, which is the great station and all of faith. Then he said, “If you do not have the capacity and do not reach this station, keep your feet fixed in the station of the patient, for in patience there is good aplenty. Surely the patient shall be paid their wage in full, without reckoning [39:10].” A great man was asked about the meaning of patience. He said, “Swallowing down trial with- out making claims.” It is to taste the poison of trial and then not to voice any claim.