45:13 Al-Jaathiya (Crouching)

{ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمْ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا مِنْهُ } أي: من فضله وإحسانه، وهذا شامل لأجرام السماوات والأرض ولما أودع الله فيهما من الشمس والقمر والكواكب والثوابت والسيارات وأنواع الحيوانات وأصناف الأشجار والثمرات وأجناس المعادن وغير ذلك مما هو معد لمصالح بني آدم ومصالح ما هو من ضروراته، فهذا يوجب عليهم أن يبذلوا غاية جهدهم في شكر نعمته وأن تتغلغل أفكارهم في تدبر آياته وحكمه ولهذا قال: { إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ } وجملة ذلك أن خلقها وتدبيرها وتسخيرها دال على نفوذ مشيئة الله وكمال قدرته، وما فيها من الإحكام والإتقان وبديع الصنعة وحسن الخلقة دال على كمال حكمته وعلمه، وما فيها من السعة والعظمة والكثرة دال على سعة ملكه وسلطانه، وما فيها من التخصيصات والأشياء المتضادات دليل على أنه الفعال لما يريد، وما فيها من المنافع والمصالح الدينية والدنيوية دليل على سعة رحمته، وشمول فضله وإحسانه وبديع لطفه وبره، وكل ذلك دال على أنه وحده المألوه المعبود الذي لا تنبغي العبادة والذل والمحبة إلا له وأن رسله صادقون فيما جاءوا به، فهذه أدلة عقلية واضحة لا تقبل ريبا ولا شكا.

وسخر لكم ما في السموات وما في الأرض أي من الكواكب والجبال والبحار والأنهار وجميع ما تنتفعون به أي الجميع من فضله وإحسانه وامتنانه ولهذا قال جميعا منه أي من عنده وحده لا شريك له فى ذلك كما قال تبارك وتعالى وما بكم من نعمة فمن الله ثم إذا مسكم الضر فإليه تجأرون وروى ابن جرير من طريق العوفي عن ابن عباس ما في قوله تبارك وتعالى وسخر لكم ما في السموات وما في الأرض جميعا منه كل شيء هو من الله. وذلك الإسم فيه إسم من أسمائه فذلك جميعا منه ولا ينازعه فيه المنازعون واستيقن أنه كذلك وقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أبي حدثنا محمد بن خلف العسقلاني حدثنا الفريابي عن سفيان عن الأعمش عن المنهال بن عمرو عن أبي أراكة قال سأل رجل عبدالله بن عمر قال مم خلق الخلق؟ قال من النور والنار والظلمة والثرى قال وائت ابن عباس فاسأله فأتاه فقال له مثل ذلك فقال ارجع إليه فسله مم خلق ذلك كله؟ فرجع إليه فسأله قتلا وسخر لكم ما في السموات وما في الأرض جميعا منه هذا أثر غريب وفيه نكارة إن فى ذلك لآيات لقوم يتفكرون.

The Subjugation of the Sea, etc., is among Allah's Signs

Allah the Exalted mentions some of the favors He gave to His servants, such as subjecting the sea for their service,

لِتَجْرِىَ الْفُلْكُ فِيهِ بِأَمْرِهِ

(that ships may sail through the sea by His command,) i.e., of Allah the Exalted, Who ordered the sea to carry ships,

وَلِتَبْتَغُواْ مِن فَضْلِهِ

(and that you may seek of His bounty,) in commercial and business transactions,

وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ

(and that you may be thankful.) for earning various provisions brought to you from far away provinces and distant areas through the sea. Allah the Exalted said,

وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمْ مَّا فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَمَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ

(And has subjected to you all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth;) the stars, the mountains, the seas, the rivers and all that you use for your benefit; these are all from His favor, kindness and bounty. Allah's statement next,

جَمِيعاً مِّنْهُ

(it is all from Him.) Alone without partners in giving any of it. Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,

وَمَا بِكُم مِّن نِّعْمَةٍ فَمِنَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ إِذَا مَسَّكُمُ الضُّرُّ فَإِلَيْهِ تَجْـَرُونَ

(And whatever of blessings you have, it is from Allah. Then, when harm touches you unto Him you cry aloud for help.) (16:53) Ibn Jarir recorded that Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said about Allah's statement,

وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمْ مَّا فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَمَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ جَمِيعاً مِّنْهُ

(And has subjected to you all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth; it is all from Him.) "Everything is from Allah, and that is a Name from His Names. So it all comes from Him without rivals to dispute His authority; surely, this fact is completely certain." Allah said.

إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَـتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ

(Verily, in it are signs for a people who think deeply.)

The Command to be Patient with the Harm of Idolators

Allah's saying;

قُل لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ يَغْفِرُواْ لِلَّذِينَ لاَ يَرْجُونَ أَيَّامَ اللَّهِ

(Say to the believers to forgive those who hope not for the Days of Allah,) means, let the believers forgive the disbelievers and endure the harm that they direct against them. In the beginning of Islam, Muslims were ordered to observe patience in the face of the oppression of the idolators and the People of the Scriptures so that their hearts may incline towards Islam. However, when the disbelievers persisted in stubbornness, Allah legislated for the believers to fight in Jihad. Statements of this meaning were collected from `Abdullah bin `Abbas and Qatadah. Mujahid said about Allah's statement,

لاَ يَرْجُونَ أَيَّامَ اللَّهِ

(those who hope not for the Days of Allah,) "They do not appreciate Allah's favors." Allah said,

لِيَجْزِىَ قَوْماً بِمَا كَانُواْ يَكْسِبُونَ

(that He may recompense people, according to what they have earned.) meaning, if the believers forgive the disbelievers in this life, Allah will still punish the disbelievers for their evil in the Hereafter. Allah's statement next,

مَنْ عَمِلَ صَـلِحاً فَلِنَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ أَسَآءَ فَعَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ إِلَى رَبِّكُمْ تُرْجَعُونَ

(Whosoever does a good deed, it is for himself, and whosoever does evil, it is against (himself). Then to your Lord you will be made to return.) meaning, you will all return to Allah on the Day of Resurrection, when you and your actions will be displayed before Him. Then, He will recompense you for your deeds, good for good and evil for evil.

وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ الْكِتَـبَ وَالْحُكْمَ وَالنُّبُوَّةَ وَرَزَقْنَـهُمْ مِّنَ الطَّيِّبَـتِ وَفَضَّلْنَـهُمْ عَلَى الْعَـلَمينَ - وَءاتَيْنَـهُم بَيِّنَـتٍ مِّنَ الاٌّمْرِ فَمَا اخْتَلَفُواْ إِلاَّ مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَهُمُ الْعِلْمُ بَغْياً بَيْنَهُمْ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَقْضِى بِيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ فِيمَا كَانُواْ فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ - ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَـكَ عَلَى شَرِيعَةٍ مِّنَ الاٌّمْرِ فَاتَّبِعْهَا وَلاَ تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَآءَ الَّذِينَ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ

And He has disposed for you whatever is in the heavens of sun moon stars water and otherwise and whatever is in the earth of animals trees vegetation rivers and otherwise that is to say He created all that for your benefit all jamī‘an is for emphasis being from Him minhu is a circumstantial qualifier that is to say He has disposed them as something from Him exalted be He. Surely in that there are signs for a people who reflect on them and therefore believe.

Commentary

اللَّـهُ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ‌ لَكُمُ الْبَحْرَ‌ لِتَجْرِ‌يَ الْفُلْكُ فِيهِ بِأَمْرِ‌هِ وَلِتَبْتَغُوا مِن فَضْلِهِ ("Allah is the One who has subjugated for you the sea, so that you may seek His grace, ... 45:12) ". Generally, when Qur'an uses the expression ` to seek His grace' it refers to exerting oneself in seeking one's livelihood. Another meaning of the phrase could be that man has been given the skill to move the boats or pilot the ships on the surface of the waters so that he may carry out his commercial activities across the globe. It is possible that ` seeking grace' does not have anything to do with the sailing of the boats or the ships. Therefore, a third meaning is possible. ` Subjugating the sea' has a special meaning, that is, Allah has created many useful things in the sea and subjugated the sea for the benefit of mankind so that they may exploit the minerals and other wealth. Contemporary science confirms that the oceans and seas have much more minerals and much more wealth hidden in them than in the dry land.