41:12 Fussilat (Explained in detail)

{ فَقَضَاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ } فَتَمَّ خلق السماوات والأرض في ستة أيام، أولها يوم الأحد، وآخرها يوم الجمعة، مع أن قدرة اللّه ومشيئته صالحة لخلق الجميع في لحظة واحدة، ولكن مع أنه قدير، فهو حكيم رفيق، فمن حكمته ورفقه، أن جعل خلقها في هذه المدة المقدرة.واعلم أن ظاهر هذه الآية، مع قوله تعالى في النازعات، لما ذكر خلق السماوات قال: { وَالْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ دَحَاهَا } يظهر منهما التعارض، مع أن كتاب اللّه، لا تعارض فيه ولا اختلاف.والجواب عن ذلك، ما قاله كثير من السلف، أن خلق الأرض وصورتها متقدم على خلق السماوات كما هنا، ودحي الأرض بأن { أَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا مَاءَهَا وَمَرْعَاهَا وَالْجِبَالَ أَرْسَاهَا } متأخر عن خلق السماوات كما في سورة النازعات، ولهذا قال فيها: { وَالْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ دَحَاهَا أَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا } إلى آخره ولم يقل: \"والأرض بعد ذلك خلقها\" وقوله: { وَأَوْحَى فِي كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ أَمْرَهَا } أي: الأمر والتدبير اللائق بها، الذي اقتضته حكمة أحكم الحاكمين.{ وَزَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَابِيحَ } هي: النجوم، يستنار، بها، ويهتدى، وتكون زينة وجمالاً للسماء ظاهرًا، وجمالاً لها، باطنًا، بجعلها رجومًا للشياطين، لئلا يسترق السمع فيها. { ذَلِكَ } المذكور، من الأرض وما فيها، والسماء وما فيها { تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ } الذي عزته، قهر بها الأشياء ودبرها، وخلق بها المخلوقات. { الْعَلِيمِ } الذي أحاط علمه بالمخلوقات، الغائب والشاهد.فَتَرْكُ المشركين الإخلاص لهذا الرب العظيم الواحد القهار، الذي انقادت المخلوقات لأمره ونفذ فيها قدره، من أعجب الأشياء، واتخاذهم له أندادًا يسوونهم به، وهم ناقصون في أوصافهم وأفعالهم، أعجب، وأعجب، ولا دواء لهؤلاء، إن استمر إعراضهم، إلا العقوبات الدنيوية والأخروية.

"فقضاهن سبع سموات في يومين" أي ففرغ من تسويتهن سبع سموات في يومين أي آخرين وهما يوم الخميس ويوم الجمعة "وأوحى في كل سماء أمرها" أي ورتب مقررا في كل سماء ما تحتاج إليه من الملائكة وما فيها من الأشياء التي لا يعلمها إلا هو "وزينا السماء الدنيا بمصابيح" وهي الكواكب المنيرة المشرقة على أهل الأرض "وحفظا" أي حرسا من الشياطين أن تستمع إلى الملإ الأعلى "ذلك تقدير العزيز العليم" أي العزيز الذي قد عز كل شيء فغلبه وقهره العليم بجميع حركات المخلوقات وسكناتهم قال ابن جرير حدثنا هناد بن السري حدثنا أبو بكر بن عياش عن أبي سعيد البقال عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس - قال هناد قرأت سائر الحديث - أن اليهود أتت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فسألته عن خلق السماوات والأرض فقال صلى الله عليه وسلم "خلق الله تعالى الأرض يوم الأحد ويوم الإثنين وخلق الجبال يوم الثلاثاء وما فيهن من منافع وخلق يوم الأربعاء - الشجر والماء والمدائن والعمران والخراب - فهذه أربعة "قل أئنكم لتكفرون بالذي خلق الأرض في يومين وتجعلون له أندادا ذلك رب العالمين وجعل فيهل رواسي من فوقها وبارك فيها وقدر فيها أقواتها في أربعة أيام سواء للسائلين" لمن سأله قال وخلق يوم الخميس السماء وخلق يوم الجمعة النجوم والشمس والقمر والملائكة إلى ثلاث ساعات بقيت منه وفي الثانية ألقى الآفة على كل شىء مما ينتفع به الناس وفي الثالثة آدم وأسكنه الجنة وأمر إبليس بالسجود له وأخرجه منها في آخر ساعة" ثم قالت اليهود ثم ماذا يا محمد قال "ثم استوى على العرش" قالوا قد أصبت لو أتممت فالوا: ثم استراح فغضب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم غضبا شديدا فنزل "ولقد خلقنا السموات والأرض وما بينهما في ستة أيام وما مسنا من لغوب فاصبر على ما يقولون" هذا الحديث فيه غرابة فأما حديث ابن جريج عن إسماعيل بن أمية عن أيوب بن خالد عن عبدالله بن رافع عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال أخذ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بيدى فقال "خلق الله التربة يوم السبت وخلق فيها الجبال يوم الأحد وخلق الشجر يوم الإثنين وخلق المكروه يوم الثلاثاء وخلق النور يوم الأربعاء وبث فيها الدواب يوم الخميس وخلق آدم بعد العصر يوم الجمعة آخر الخلق في آخر ساعة من ساعات يوم الجمعة فيما بين العصر إلى الليل" فقد رواه مسلم والنسائي في كتابيهما من حديث ابن جريج به وهو من غرائب الصحيح وقد علله البخاري في التاريخ فقال رواه بعضهم عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه عن كعب الأحبار وهو الأصح.

Some Details of the Creation of this Universe Here

Allah denounces the idolators who worship other gods apart from Him although He is the Creator, Subduer and Controller of all things. He says:

قُلْ أَءِنَّكُمْ لَتَكْفُرُونَ بِالَّذِى خَلَقَ الاٌّرْضَ فِى يَوْمَيْنِ وَتَجْعَلُونَ لَهُ أَندَاداً

(Say: "Do you verily disbelieve in Him Who created the earth in two Days And you set up rivals with Him") meaning, `false gods whom you worship alongside Him'

ذَلِكَ رَبُّ الْعَـلَمِينَ

(That is the Lord of the that exists.) the Creator of all things is the Lord of all the creatures. Here the Ayah;

خَلَقَ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضَ فِى سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ

(Who created the heavens and the earth in Six Days) (7:54). is explained in more detail; the creation of the earth and the creation of the heaven are discussed separately. Allah says that He created the earth first, because it is the foundation, and the foundation should be built first, then the roof. Allah says elsewhere:

هُوَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ لَكُم مَّا فِى الاٌّرْضِ جَمِيعاً ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى إِلَى السَّمَآءِ فَسَوَّاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمَـوَاتٍ

(He it is Who created for you all that is on the earth. Then He rose over (Istawa ila) the heaven and made them seven heavens) (2:29). With regard to the Ayat:

أَءَنتُمْ أَشَدُّ خَلْقاً أَمِ السَّمَآءُ بَنَـهَا - رَفَعَ سَمْكَهَا فَسَوَّاهَا - وَأَغْطَشَ لَيْلَهَا وَأَخْرَجَ ضُحَـهَا - وَالاٌّرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ دَحَـهَا - أَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا مَآءَهَا وَمَرْعَـهَا - وَالْجِبَالَ أَرْسَـهَا - مَتَـعاً لَّكُمْ وَلاًّنْعَـمِكُمْ

(Are you more difficult to create or is the heaven that He constructed He raised its height, and has perfected it. Its night He covers with darkness and its forenoon He brings out (with light). And after that He spread the earth, And brought forth therefrom its water and its pasture. And the mountains He has fixed firmly, (to be) a provision and benefit for you and your cattle.) (79:27-33) This Ayah states that the spreading out of the earth came after the creation of the heavens, but the earth itself was created before the heavens according to some texts. This was the response of Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, as recorded by Al-Bukhari in his Tafsir of this Ayah in his Sahih. He recorded that Sa`id bin Jubayr said: "A man said to Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, saying: `I find some things in the Qur'an which confuse me:

فَلاَ أَنسَـبَ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَلاَ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ

(There will be no kinship among them that Day, nor will they ask of one another) (23:101),

وَأَقْبَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ

(And they will turn to one another and question one another) (37:27),

وَلاَ يَكْتُمُونَ اللَّهَ حَدِيثاً

(but they will never be able to hide a single fact from Allah) (4:42),

وَاللَّهِ رَبِّنَا مَا كُنَّا مُشْرِكِينَ

(By Allah, our Lord, we were not those who joined others in worship with Allah) (6:23) But in this Ayah they did hide something. And Allah says:

أَءَنتُمْ أَشَدُّ خَلْقاً أَمِ السَّمَآءُ بَنَـهَا

(Are you more difficult to create or is the heaven that He constructed) until;

وَالاٌّرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ دَحَـهَا

(And after that He spread the earth.) (79:27-30) So He mentioned the creation of the heavens before the earth, then He said:

قُلْ أَءِنَّكُمْ لَتَكْفُرُونَ بِالَّذِى خَلَقَ الاٌّرْضَ فِى يَوْمَيْنِ

(Say: "Do you verily disbelieve in Him Who created the earth in two Days...") until;

طَآئِعِينَ

(We come willingly.) Here He mentioned the creation of the earth before the creation of the heavens. And He says:

وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً

(verily, Allah (Kana) is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful) (4:23).

عَزِيزاً حَكِيماً

(Most Powerful, All-Wise) (4:56).

سَمِيعاً بَصِيراً

(All-Hearer, All-Seer) (4:58). It is as if He was and is no longer.' Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, replied:

فَلاَ أَنسَـبَ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَلاَ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ

(There will be no kinship among them that Day, nor will they ask of one another) (23:101), this will happen when the Trumpet is blown for the first time.

فَصَعِقَ مَن فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَمَن فِى الاٌّرْضِ إِلاَّ مَن شَآءَ اللَّهُ

(And all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth will swoon away, except him whom Allah wills) (39:68), and at that time there will be no kinship among them, nor will they ask of one another. Then when the Sur will be blown again,

وَأَقْبَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ

(And they will turn to one another and question one another) (37:27). With regard to the Ayat,

وَاللَّهِ رَبِّنَا مَا كُنَّا مُشْرِكِينَ

(By Allah, our Lord, we were not those who joined others in worship with Allah) (6:23) and

وَلاَ يَكْتُمُونَ اللَّهَ حَدِيثاً

(but they will never be able to hide a single fact from Allah) (4:42), Allah will forgive the sincere believers their sins, then the idolators will say, `Let us say that we never joined others in worship with Allah.' Then a seal will be placed over their mouths, and their hands will speak. Then it will be known that not a single fact can be hidden from Allah, and at that point,

يَوَدُّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ

(those who disbelieved will wish) (4:42). Allah created the earth in two days, then He created the heavens, then He (Istawa ila) the heaven and gave it its shape in two more days. Then He spread the earth, which means that He brought forth therefrom its water and its pasture. And He created the mountains, sands, inanimate things, rocks and hills and everything in between, in two more days. This is what Allah says:

دَحَـهَا

((He) spread (the earth)) (79:30) And Allah's saying:

خَلَقَ الاٌّرْضَ فِى يَوْمَيْنِ

((He) created the earth in two Days) So He created the earth and everything in it in four days, and He created the heavens in two days.

وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً

(verily, Allah (Kana) is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful) (4:23). This is how He described Himself, and this is how He still is. Whatever Allah wills comes to pass, so do not be confused about the Qur'an, for all of it comes from Allah."' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari.

خَلَقَ الاٌّرْضَ فِى يَوْمَيْنِ

((He) created the earth in two Days) means, on Sunday and Monday.

وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَاسِىَ مِن فَوْقِهَا وَبَـرَكَ فِيهَا

(He placed therein firm mountains from above it, and He blessed it,) means, He blessed it and gave it the potential to be planted with seeds and bring forth produce.

وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَآ أَقْوَتَهَا

(And measured therein its sustenance) means, what its people need of provision and places in which to plant things and grow crops. This was on Tuesday and Wednesday, which together with the two previous days add up to four days.

فِى أَرْبَعَةِ أَيَّامٍ سَوَآءً لِّلسَّآئِلِينَ

(in four Days equal for all those who ask.) meaning, for those who want to ask about that, so that they might know. `Ikrimah and Mujahid said concerning the Ayah:

وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَآ أَقْوَتَهَا

(and measured therein its sustenance): "He placed in every land that which is not suited for any other land." Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah and As-Suddi said, concerning the Ayah,

سَوَآءً لِّلسَّآئِلِينَ

(equal for all those who ask): this means, "For whoever wants to ask about that." Ibn Zayd said:

وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَآ أَقْوَتَهَا فِى أَرْبَعَةِ أَيَّامٍ سَوَآءً لِّلسَّآئِلِينَ

(and measured therein its sustenance in four Days equal for all those who ask. ) "According to whatever a person who is need of provision wants, Allah measures out for him what he needs." This is like what they said concerning the Ayah:

وَآتَاكُم مِّن كُلِّ مَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُ

(And He gave you of all that you asked for) (14:34). And Allah knows best.

ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى إِلَى السَّمَآءِ وَهِىَ دُخَانٌ

(Then He rose over (Istawa ila) towards the heaven when it was smoke,) i.e., steam which arose from it when the earth was created.

فَقَالَ لَهَا وَلِلاٌّرْضِ ائْتِيَا طَوْعاً أَوْ كَرْهاً

(and said to it and to the earth: "Come both of you willingly or unwillingly.") meaning, `respond to My command and be subjected to this action, willingly or unwillingly.'

قَالَتَآ أَتَيْنَا طَآئِعِينَ

(They both said: "We come willingly.") meaning, `we will respond to You willingly and everything that You want to create in us -- angels, Jinn and men -- will all be obedient to You.'

فَقَضَاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمَـوَتٍ فِى يَوْمَيْنِ

(Then He completed and finished their creation (as) seven heavens in two Days) means, He finished forming them as seven heavens in two more days, which were Thursday and Friday.

وَأَوْحَى فِى كُلِّ سَمَآءٍ أَمْرَهَا

(and He decreed in each heaven its affair. ) means, He placed in each heaven whatever it needs of angels and things which are known only unto Him.

وَزَيَّنَّا السَّمَآءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَـبِيحَ

(And We adorned the nearest (lowest) heaven with lamps) means, the stars and planets which shine on the people of the earth.

وَحِفْظاً

(as well as to guard.) means, as protection against the Shayatin, lest they listen to the angels on high.

ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ

(Such is the Decree of Him, the Almighty, the All-Knower) means, the Almighty Who has subjugated all things to His control, the All-Knower Who knows all the movements of His creatures.

Then He ordained them the suffixed pronoun refers back to al-samā’ ‘the heaven’ because it al-samā’ actually denotes that plural sense to which it will lead in the following clause in other words He made them to be seven heavens in two days — Thursday and Friday. He completed them in the last hour thereof in which He created Adam — which is why He does not say sawā’an ‘evenly’ here as He did earlier; what is said here concords with those verse in which it is stated that the heavens and the earth were created in six days; and in each heaven He revealed its commandment’ that to which He commanded those in it to follow in the way of obedience and worship. And We adorned the lowest heaven with lamps with stars and this was also to guard them hifzan is in the accusative because of its implicit verbal sense in other words ‘We guarded it against the devils lest they try to listen therein to the angels by stealth with meteors’. That is the ordaining of the Mighty in His kingdom the Knower of His creatures.

فَقَالَ لَهَا وَلِلْأَرْ‌ضِ ائْتِيَا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْ‌هًا قَالَتَا أَتَيْنَا طَائِعِينَ (and said to it and to the earth, "Come [ to My obedience ], both of you, willingly or unwillingly." Both said, "We come willingly." - 41:11) This command addressed to the earth and sky and their compliant and obedient reply, according to some exegetes, is a metaphorical expression for the readiness of the earth and the sky to comply with every order from Allah Almighty. But Ibn ` Atiyyah and other leading research scholars have stated that this is no metaphor it is based on reality. Allah Almighty had endowed the earth and the skies with the faculty of intellect and comprehension of the commands addressed to them and also with the power of speaking and replying. Tafsir Al-Bahr-ul-Muhit, after quoting this explanation, has held it to be the most suitable and the best. Ibn Kathir, after quoting the above explanation, has also quoted the statement of some exegetes that the earth's reply was given by that portion of the earth on which Baytullah has been constructed and the sky's reply was given by that portion of the sky which is just above the Baytullah, known as Al-Bayt-ul- Ma` mur.