40:9 Ghafir (The Forgiver)

{ وَقِهِمُ السَّيِّئَاتِ } أي: الأعمال السيئة وجزاءها، لأنها تسوء صاحبها. { وَمَنْ تَقِ السَّيِّئَاتِ يَوْمَئِذٍ } أي: يوم القيامة { فَقَدْ رَحِمْتَهُ } لأن رحمتك لم تزل مستمرة على العباد، لا يمنعها إلا ذنوب العباد وسيئاتهم، فمن وقيته السيئات وفقته للحسنات وجزائها الحسن. { وَذَلِكَ } أي: زوال المحذور بوقاية السيئات، وحصول المحبوب بحصول الرحمة، { هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ } الذي لا فوز مثله، ولا يتنافس المتنافسون بأحسن منه.وقد تضمن هذا الدعاء من الملائكة كمال معرفتهم بربهم، والتوسل إلى الله بأسمائه الحسنى، التي يحب من عباده التوسل بها إليه، والدعاء بما يناسب ما دعوا الله فيه، فلما كان دعاؤهم بحصول الرحمة، وإزالة أثر ما اقتضته النفوس البشرية التي علم الله نقصها واقتضاءها لما اقتضته من المعاصي، ونحو ذلك من المبادئ والأسباب التي قد أحاط الله بها علمًا توسلوا بالرحيم العليم.وتضمن كمال أدبهم مع الله تعالى بإقرارهم بربوبيته لهم الربوبية العامة والخاصة، وأنه ليس لهم من الأمر شيء وإنما دعاؤهم لربهم صدر من فقير بالذات من جميع الوجوه، لا يُدْلِي على ربه بحالة من الأحوال، إن هو إلا فضل الله وكرمه وإحسانه.وتضمن موافقتهم لربهم تمام الموافقة، بمحبة ما يحبه من الأعمال التي هي العبادات التي قاموا بها، واجتهدوا اجتهاد المحبين، ومن العمال الذين هم المؤمنون الذين يحبهم الله تعالى من بين خلقه، فسائر الخلق المكلفين يبغضهم الله إلا المؤمنين منهم، فمن محبة الملائكة لهم دعوا الله، واجتهدوا في صلاح أحوالهم، لأن الدعاء للشخص من أدل الدلائل على محبته، لأنه لا يدعو إلا لمن يحبه.وتضمن ما شرحه الله وفصله من دعائهم بعد قوله: { وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا } التنبيه اللطيف على كيفية تدبر كتابه، وأن لا يكون المتدبر مقتصرًا على مجرد معنى اللفظ بمفرده، بل ينبغي له أن يتدبر معنى اللفظ، فإذا فهمه فهمًا صحيحًا على وجهه، نظر بعقله إلى ذلك الأمر والطرق الموصلة إليه وما لا يتم إلا به وما يتوقف عليه، وجزم بأن الله أراده، كما يجزم أنه أراد المعنى الخاص، الدال عليه اللفظ.والذي يوجب له الجزم بأن الله أراده أمران:أحدهما: معرفته وجزمه بأنه من توابع المعنى والمتوقف عليه.والثاني: علمه بأن الله بكل شيء عليم، وأن الله أمر عباده بالتدبر والتفكر في كتابه.وقد علم تعالى ما يلزم من تلك المعاني. وهو المخبر بأن كتابه هدى ونور وتبيان لكل شيء، وأنه أفصح الكلام وأجله إيضاحًا، فبذلك يحصل للعبد من العلم العظيم والخير الكثير، بحسب ما وفقه الله له وقد كان في تفسيرنا هذا، كثير من هذا من به الله علينا.وقد يخفى في بعض الآيات مأخذه على غير المتأمل صحيح الفكرة، ونسأله تعالى أن يفتح علينا من خزائن رحمته ما يكون سببًا لصلاح أحوالنا وأحوال المسلمين، فليس لنا إلا التعلق بكرمه، والتوسل بإحسانه، الذي لا نزال نتقلب فيه في كل الآنات، وفي جميع اللحظات، ونسأله من فضله، أن يقينا شر أنفسنا المانع والمعوق لوصول رحمته، إنه الكريم الوهاب، الذي تفضل بالأسباب ومسبباتها.وتضمن ذلك، أن المقارن من زوج وولد وصاحب، يسعد بقرينه، ويكون اتصاله به سببًا لخير يحصل له، خارج عن عمله وسبب عمله كما كانت الملائكة تدعو للمؤمنين ولمن صلح من آبائهم وأزواجهم وذرياتهم، وقد يقال: إنه لا بد من وجود صلاحهم لقوله: { وَمَنْ صَلَحَ } فحينئذ يكون ذلك من نتيجة عملهم والله أعلم.

"وقهم السيئات" أي فعلها أو وبالها ممن وقعت منه "ومن تق السيئات يومئذ" أي يوم القيامة "فقد رحمته" أي لطفت به ونجيته من العقوبة "وذلك هو الفوز العظيم".

The Bearers of the Throne praise Allah and pray for forgiveness for the Believers

Allah tells us that the angels who are close to Him, the bearers of the Throne, and the angels who are around Him -- all glorify the praises of their Lord. They combine glorification (Tasbih) which implies that He is free of any shortcomings, with praise (Tahmid) which is an affirmation of praise.

وَيُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ

(and believe in Him,) means, they humbly submit themselves before Him.

وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ

(and ask forgiveness for those who believe) means, for those among the people of earth who believe in the Unseen. Allah commanded that His angels who are close to Him should pray for the believers in their absence, so it is a part of the angels' nature that they say Amin when a believer prays for his brother in his absence. In Sahih Muslim it says:

«إِذَا دَعَا الْمُسْلِمُ لِأَخِيهِ بِظَهْرِ الْغَيْبِ قَالَ الْمَلَكُ: آمِينَ وَلَكَ بِمِثْلِه»

(When a Muslim prays for his brother in his absence, the angel says, `Amin, and may you have something similar to it'.)" Shahr bin Hawshab said, "The bearers of the Throne are eight; four of them say, `Glory and praise be to You, O Allah, to You be praise for Your forebearance after Your knowledge. ' Four of them say, `Glory and praise be to You, O Allah, to You be praise for Your forgiveness after Your power.' When they pray for forgiveness for those who believe, they say:

رَبَّنَا وَسِعْتَ كُـلَّ شَىْءٍ رَّحْمَةً وَعِلْماً

(Our Lord! You comprehend all things in mercy and knowledge,) meaning, `Your mercy encompasses their sins and Your knowledge encompasses all their deeds, words and action.'

فَاغْفِرْ لِلَّذِينَ تَابُواْ وَاتَّبَعُواْ سَبِيلَكَ

(so forgive those who repent and follow Your way.)" That is, `forgive the sinners when they repent to You and turn to You and give up their former ways, following Your commands to do good and abstain from evil.'

وَقِهِمْ عَذَابَ الْجَحِيمِ

(and save them from the torment of the blazing Fire!) means, `snatch them away from the punishment of Hell, which is a painful, agonizing punishment.'

رَبَّنَا وَأَدْخِلْهُمْ جَنَّـتِ عَدْنٍ الَّتِى وَعَدْتَّهُمْ وَمَن صَـلَحَ مِنْ ءَابَآئِهِمْ وَأَزْوَجِهِمْ وَذُرِّيَّـتِهِمْ

(Our Lord! And make them enter the `Adn (Eternal) Gardens which you have promised them -- and to the righteous among their fathers, their wives, and their offspring!) meaning, `bring them together so that they may find delight in one another in neighboring dwellings. ' This is like the Ayah:

وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَاتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُم بِإِيمَـنٍ أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَمَآ أَلَتْنَـهُمْ مِّنْ عَمَلِهِم مِّن شَىْءٍ

(And those who believe and whose offspring follow them in faith, -- to them shall We join their offspring, and We shall not decrease the reward of their deeds in anything)(52:21). This means, `that all of them will be made equal in status. In this way they may delight in one another's company; the one who is in the higher status will not lose anything. On the contrary We will raise the one whose deeds are of a lower status so that they will become equal, as a favor and a blessing from Us.' Sa`id bin Jubayr said that when the believer enters Paradise, he will ask where his father, son and brother are. It will be said to him, `they did not reach the same level of good deeds as you did'. He will say, `but I did it for my sake and for theirs.' Then they will be brought to join him in that higher degree. Then Sa`id bin Jubayr recited this Ayah:

رَبَّنَا وَأَدْخِلْهُمْ جَنَّـتِ عَدْنٍ الَّتِى وَعَدْتَّهُمْ وَمَن صَـلَحَ مِنْ ءَابَآئِهِمْ وَأَزْوَجِهِمْ وَذُرِّيَّـتِهِمْ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ

(Our Lord! And make them enter the `Adn (Eternal) Gardens which you have promised them -- and to the righteous among their fathers, their wives, and their offspring! Verily, You are the Almighty, the All-Wise.) Mutarrif bin `Abdullah bin Ash-Shikhkhir said, "The most sincere of the servants of Allah towards the believers are the angels." Then he recited this Ayah:

رَبَّنَا وَأَدْخِلْهُمْ جَنَّـتِ عَدْنٍ الَّتِى وَعَدْتَّهُمْ

(Our Lord! And make them enter the `Adn (Eternal) Paradises which you have promised them) He then said, "The most treacherous of the servants of Allah towards the believers are the Shayatin."

إِنَّكَ أَنتَ العَزِيزُ الحَكِيمُ

(You are the Almighty, the All-Wise.) means, `the One Whom none can resist or overwhelm; what You will happens and what You do not will does not happen; You are Wise in all that You say and do, in all that You legislate and decree.'

وَقِهِمُ السَّيِّئَـتِ

(And save them from the sins,) means, the actions and the consequences.

وَمَن تَقِ السَّيِّئَـتِ يَوْمَئِذٍ

(and whomsoever You save from the sins that Day,) means, the Day of Resurrection,

فَقَدْ رَحِمْتَهُ

(him verily, You have taken into mercy.) means, `You have protected him and saved him from punishment.'

وَذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ

(And that is the supreme success. )

And shield them from evil deeds that is from the chastisement thereof; for whomever You shield from evil deeds that day the Day of Resurrection verily him You will have had been merciful to; and that is indeed the supreme triumph’.

In verse 7, it was said: الَّذِينَ يَحْمِلُونَ الْعَرْ‌شَ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُ (Those who are bearing the Throne and those who are around it). The present count of angels who bear the Throne (arsh) is four and, on the day of Qiyamah (the Day of Judgment), they will be eight, and only Allah knows the number of angels around the ` arsh. Some Hadith narrations give the number of their rows that reaches several hundred thousand. They are called: کرّوبِی (karrubi, [ Heb. Kerubh or kerub ], plural: [ Eng. Cherubin, or Cherubim, Heb. Cherubim ]). They are angels close to Allah. In this verse, it has been said that all these angels close to Allah pray for all believers, particularly those who repent from their sins and follow the Shari'ah of the Holy Prophet ﷺ . Either Allah Ta’ ala has appointed them to perform this task, or their nature is such that they keep praying for the good servants of Allah. Therefore, Sayyidna Mutarrif Ibn ` Abdullah Ibn Shikhkhir said that out of all servants of Allah, the angels of Allah are the foremost among those who wish well for believers. Firstly, they pray for them. They implore Allah to forgive them, to save them from the punishment of Jahannam and to admit them to the everlasting gardens of Jannah. Along with it, they also pray for: وَمَن صَلَحَ مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَأَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَذُرِّ‌يَّاتِهِمْ those as well who did good from among their fathers and wives and children. - 40:8), that is, also admit anyone from among their fathers and forefathers, and their wives, and their children - who meet the criterion of goodness that makes them deserving of forgiveness, a criterion that requires that they should have departed from the mortal world while adhering to their 'iman or faith - yes, admit them too with the same believers into the Jannah.

This tells us that one's 'iman or faith is the basic condition of salvation (najah). After 'iman come other good deeds. The relatives of Muslim believers - fathers, grandfathers or wives and children - even if they are ranked lower than them, such is the munificence of Allah Ta’ ala that He would, in deference to them, also let the relatives of a lesser rank be along with them in Jannah, so that their happiness becomes total and complete as it has been said in another verse of the Qur'an appearing elsewhere:... (We will join their children with them - At-Tur, 52:21).

Said Ibn Jubayr has said, 'When a believer goes to Jannah, he will ask about his father, son, brother and others, and would want to know where they are. He will be told that their deeds were not like yours (therefore, they will not be there). He will say, 'whatever good I did (was not for me alone), in fact, it was for me and them both.' Then, the command will come, 'admit them too into the Jannah.' (Ibn Kathir)

After having reported this Hadith narration in Tafsir Mazhari, the author said, 'this 'mawquf (a Hadith mawquf or restricted tradition from a Companion who does not connect it to the Holy Prophet ﷺ) has the same authority and force as 'marfu" (a Hadith marfu` is a tradition attributed to the Holy Prophet ﷺ) and is explicit on the point that 'doing good' that is held as a pre-condition for having this privilege means 'Iman' or adhering to the true faith.