4:50 An-Nisaa (The Women)

{ انْظُرْ كَيْفَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ } أي: بتزكيتهم أنفسهم، لأن هذا من أعظم الافتراء على الله. لأن مضمون تزكيتهم لأنفسهم الإخبار بأن الله جعل ما هم عليه حقا وما عليه المؤمنون المسلمون باطلا. وهذا أعظم الكذب وقلب الحقائق بجعل الحق باطلا، والباطلِ حقًّا. ولهذا قال: { وَكَفَى بِهِ إِثْمًا مُبِينًا } أي: ظاهرا بينا موجبا للعقوبة البليغة والعذاب الأليم.

وقوله انظر كيف يفترون على الله الكذب أي في تزكيتهم أنفسهم ودعواهم أنهم أبناء الله وأحباؤه وقولهم "لن يدخل الجنة إلا من كان هودا أو نصارى "وقولهم لن تمسنا النار إلا أياما معدودات واتكالهم على أعمال آبائهم الصالحة وقد حكم الله أن أعمال الآباء لا تجزي عن الأبناء شيئا في قوله"تلك أما قد خلت لها ما كسبت ولكم ما كسبتم" الآية ثم قال "وكفى به إثما مبينا" أي وكفى بصنيعهم هذا كذبا وافتراءا ظاهرا وقوله "ألم تر إلى الذين أوتوا نصيبا من الكتاب يؤمنون بالجبت والطاغوت" أما الجبت فقال محمد بن إسحاق عن حسان بن فائد عن عمر بن الخطاب أنه قال: الجبت السحر والطاغوت الشيطان. وهكذا روي عن ابن عباس وأبي العالية ومجاهد وعطاء وعكرمة وسعيد بن جبير والشعبي والحسن والضحاك والسدي وعن ابن عباس وأبي العالية ومجاهد وعطاء وعكرمة وسعيد بن جبير والشعبي والحسن وعطية: الجبت الشيطان. وزاد ابن عباس بالحبشية وعن ابن عباس أيضا: الجبت الشرك. وعنه الجبت الأصنام. وعن الشعبي الجبت الكاهن. وعن ابن عباس الجبت حيي بن أخطب. وعن مجاهد الجبت كعب بن الأشرف. وقال العلامة أبو نصر بن إسماعيل بن حماد الجوهري في كتابه الصحاح: الجبت كلمة تقع على الصنم والكاهن والساحر ونحو ذلك. وفي الحديث "الطيرة والعيافة والطرق من الجبت" قال وليس هذا من محض العربية لاجتماع الجيم والتاء في كلمة واحدة من غير حرف ذو لقي. وهذا الحديث الذي ذكره الإمام أحمد في مسنده فقال: حدثنا محمد بن جعفر حدثنا عوف بن حيان ابن العلاء حدثنا قطن بن قبيصة عن أبيه وهو قبيصة بن مخارق أنه سمع النبي صلى قال الله عليه وسلم "إن العيافة والطرق والطيرة من الجبت" وقال عوف: العيافة زجر الطير والطرق الخط يخط في الأرض والجبت قال الحسن رنة الشيطان وهكذا رواه أبو داود في سننه والنسائي وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره من حديث عوف الأعرابي به. وقد تقدم الكلام على الطاغوت في سورة البقرة بما أغنى عن إعادته ههنا وقال ابن أبي حاتم: حدثنا أبي حدثنا إسحاق بن الضيف حدثنا حجاج عن ابن جريج أخبرني أبو الزبير أنه سمع جابر بن عبدالله أنه سئل عن الطواغيت فقال: هم كهان تنزل عليهم الشياطين وقال مجاهد: الطاغوت الشيطان في صورة إنسان يتحاكمون إليه وهو صاحب أمرهم وقال الإمام مالك: هو كل ما يعبد من دون الله عز وجل وقوله "ويقولون للذين كفروا هؤلاء أهدى من الذين آمنوا سبيلا" أي يفضلون الكفار على المسلمين بجهلهم وقلة دينهم وكفرهم بكتاب الله الذي بأيديهم. وقد روى ابن أبى حاتم: حدثنا محمد بن عبدالله بن يزيد المقري حدثنا سفيان عن عمرو عن عكرمة قال: جاء حيي بن أخطب وكعب بن الأشرف إلى أهل مكة فقالوا لهم: أنتم أهل الكتاب وأهل العلم فاخبرونا عنا وعن محمد فقالوا: ما أنتم وما محمد؟ فقالوا: نحن نصل الأرحام وننحر الكوماء ونسقي الماء على اللبن ونفك العاني ونسقى الحجيج ومحمد صنبور قطع أرحامنا واتبعه سراق الحجيج من غفار فنحن خير أم هو؟ فقالوا: أنتم خير وأهدى سبيلا.

Chastising and Cursing the Jews for Claiming Purity for Themselves and Believing in Jibt and Taghut

Al-Hasan and Qatadah said, "This Ayah,

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يُزَكُّونَ أَنفُسَهُمْ

(Have you not seen those who claim sanctity for themselves) was revealed about the Jews and Christians when they said, `We are Allah's children and His loved ones."' Ibn Zayd also said, "This Ayah was revealed concerning their statement,

نَحْنُ أَبْنَاءُ اللَّهِ وَأَحِبَّاؤُهُ

(We are the children of Allah and His loved ones) and their statement,

لَن يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلاَّ مَن كَانَ هُودًا أَوْ نَصَـرَى

(None shall enter Paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christian)." This is why Allah said,

بَلِ اللَّهُ يُزَكِّى مَن يَشَآءُ

(Nay, but Allah sanctifies whom He wills,) meaning, the decision in this matter is with Allah Alone, because He has perfect knowledge of the true reality and secrets of all things. Allah then said,

وَلاَ يُظْلَمُونَ فَتِيلاً

(And they will not be dealt with injustice even equal to the extent of a Fatil, ) meaning, He does no injustice with anyone's compensation in any part of his reward, even if it was the weight of a Fatil. Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, `Ata', Al-Hasan, Qatadah and others among the Salaf said that Fatil means, "The scalish thread in the long slit of the date-stone." Allah said,

انظُرْ كَيفَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الكَذِبَ

(Look, how they invent a lie against Allah,) claiming purity for themselves, their claim that they are Allah's children and His loved ones, their statement;

لَن يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلاَّ مَن كَانَ هُودًا أَوْ نَصَـرَى

(None shall enter Paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christian) their statement;

لَن تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلاَ أَيَّامًا مَّعْدُودَتٍ

(The Fire shall not touch us but for a number of days) and their reliance on the righteous deeds of their forefathers. Allah has decreed that the good actions of the fathers do not help the children, when He said,

تِلْكَ أُمَّةٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَلَكُم مَّا كَسَبْتُم

(That was a nation who has passed away. They shall receive the reward of what they earned and you of what you earn). Allah then said,

وَكَفَى بِهِ إِثْماً مُّبِيناً

(and enough is that as a manifest sin. ) meaning, these lies and fabrications of theirs are sufficent. Allah's statement,

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ نَصِيباً مِّنَ الْكِتَـبِ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْجِبْتِ وَالطَّـغُوتِ

(Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture They believe in Jibt and Taghut). Muhammad bin Ishaq said from Hassan bin Fa'id that `Umar bin Al-Khattab said, "Jibt is sorcery and Taghut is the Shaytan." Abu Nasr Isma`il bin Hammad Al-Jawhari, the renowned scholar, said in his book As-Sihah, "Al-Jibt means idol, soothsayer and sorcerer." Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Jabir bin `Abdullah was asked about Taghut, and he said, "They are soothsayers upon whom the devils descend." Mujahid said "Taghut is a devil in the shape of man, and they refer to him for judgment." Imam Malik said, "Taghut is every object that is worshipped instead of Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored."

Disbelievers Are not Better Guided Than Believers

Allah said,

وَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ هَـؤُلاءِ أَهْدَى مِنَ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ سَبِيلاً

(and say to those who disbelieve, "These people are better guided on the way," than the believers.) preferring the disbelievers over Muslims, because of their ignorance, un-religious nature and disbelief in Allah's Book which is before them. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Ikrimah said, "Huyay bin Akhtab and Ka`b bin Al-Ashraf (two Jewish leaders) came to the people of Makkah, who said to them, `You (Jews) are people of the Book and knowledge, so judge us and Muhammad.' They said, `Describe yourselves and describe Muhammad.' They said, `We keep relation with kith and kin, slaughter camels (for the poor), release the indebted and provide water for the pilgrims. As for Muhammad he is without male children, he severed our relations, and the thieves who rob pilgrims (the tribe of) Ghifar follow him. So who is better, we or him' They said, `You are more righteous and better guided.' Thereafter, Allah sent down,

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ نَصِيبًا

(Have you not seen those who were given a portion)." This story was also reported from Ibn `Abbas and several others among the Salaf. Allah's Curse on the Jews This Ayah 4:52 contains a curse for the Jews and informs them that they have no supporter in this life or the Hereafter, because they sought the help of the idolators. They uttered this statement in Ayah 4:51 to lure the disbelievers into supporting them, and they ultimately gathered their forces for the battle of Al-Ahzab, forcing the Prophet and his Companions to dig a defensive tunnel around Al-Madinah. But, Allah saved the Muslims from their evil,

وَرَدَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِغَيْظِهِمْ لَمْ يَنَالُواْ خَيْراً وَكَفَى اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْقِتَالَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ قَوِيّاً عَزِيزاً

(And Allah drove back those who disbelieved in their rage, they gained no advantage (booty). Allah sufficed for the believers in the fighting. And Allah is Ever All-Strong, All-Mighty).

Consider in amazement how they invent falsehood against God in that way and that suffices for a clear an evident sin.

Indulgence in self-praise

Let us now turn to the word of Allah in: أَلَمْ تَرَ‌ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يُزَكُّونَ أَنفُسَهُم (Have you not seen those who claim sanctity for themselves?) Since the Jews claimed sanctity for themselves, Allah Almighty censures them in this verse as a strange lot attributing sanctity to themselves and then having the audacity to tell others that this is so. Amazing indeed!

From here we learn that it is not permissible for anyone to claim and broadcast his or her sanctity, or that of others. This is forbidden on three counts:

1. The cause of self-praise is mostly pride and arrogance. So, in reality, what is forbidden is pride and arrogance.

2. As to the end of man, only Allah knows if it will come in a state of Taqwa and Taharah, that is, in a state when one is still God-fearing spiritually and free from major and minor impurities physically. Therefore, claiming sanctity for oneself is contrary to being God-fearing. As such, Sayyidah Zaynab ؓ daughter of Abi Salamah ؓ narrates that the Holy Prophet ﷺ asked her: 'What is your name?' Since, at that time, her name was Barrah (which means pure from sins), so, that was what she told him. He, then, said: فلا تُزَکُّوا انفُسَکُم، اللہ اَعلَمُ بِاَھلِ البِرِّ منکُم، سَمُّوھَا زَینَب، (رواہ مسلم بحوالہ مشکوۃ) (Do not claim sanctity for yourselves (that is, do not claim purity and freedom from sins) because it is Allah alone who knows best as to who among you is of the righteous. He, then, named her Zaynab (instead of Barrah). (Mazhari)

3. The third reason for this prohibition is that such a claim gives people the false idea that the person making that claim is nearer to Allah because he is free of all faults, although this is a lie, for no mortal man is free of one or the other shortcoming. (Bayn al-Qur'an)

Ruling:

If impediments mentioned above do not exist, one can speak about one's trait of character as an expression of gratitude for Allah's blessing. (Bay an al-Qur'an)