4:150 An-Nisaa (The Women)

هنا قسمان قد وضحا لكل أحد: مؤمنٌ بالله وبرسله كلِّهم وكتبه، وكافرٌ بذلك كله. وبقي قسم ثالث: وهو الذي يزعم أنه يؤمن ببعض الرسل دون بعض، وأن هذا سبيل ينجيه من عذاب الله، إنْ هذا إلا مجرد أماني. فإن هؤلاء يريدون التفريق بين الله وبين رسله. فإن من تولى الله حقيقة تولى جميع رسله لأن ذلك من تمام توليه، ومن عادى أحدا من رسله فقد عادى الله وعادى جميع رسله، كما قال تعالى: { مَن كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِّلَّهِ } الآيات. وكذلك مَنْ كفر برسول فقد كفر بجميع الرسل، بل بالرسول الذي يزعم أنه به مؤمن، ولهذا قال: { أُولَئِكَ هُـمُ الْكَـافِرُونَ حَقًّا } وذلك لئلا يتوهم أن مرتبتهم متوسطة بين الإيمان والكفر. ووجه كونهم كافرين - حتى بما زعموا الإيمان به- أن كل دليل دلهم على الإيمان بمن آمنوا به موجود هو أو مثله أو ما فوقه للنبي الذي كفروا به، وكل شبهة يزعمون أنهم يقدحون بها في النبي الذي كفروا به موجود مثلها أو أعظم منها فيمن آمنوا به. فلم يبق بعد ذلك إلا التشهي والهوى ومجرد الدعوى التي يمكن كل أحد أن يقابلها بمثلها، ولما ذكر أن هؤلاء هم الكافرون حقا ذكر عقابا شاملا لهم ولكل كافر فقال: { وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابًا مُّهِينًا } كما تكبروا عن الإيمان بالله، أهانهم بالعذاب الأليم المخزي.

يتوعد تبارك وتعالى الكافرين به وبرسله من اليهود والنصارى حيث فرقوا بين الله ورسله في الإيمان فآمنوا ببعض الأنبياء وكفروا ببعض بمجرد التشهي والعادة وما ألفوا عليه آباءهم لا عن دليل قادهم إلى ذلك فإنه لا سبيل لهم إلى ذلك بل بمجرد الهوى والعصبية فاليهود عليهم لعائن الله آمنوا بالأنبياء إلا عيسى ومحمد عليهما الصلاة والسلام والنصارى آمنوا بالأنبياء وكفروا بخاتمهم وأشرفهم محمد صلى والسامرة لا يؤمنون بنبي بعد يوشع خليفة موسى بن عمران والمجوس يقال إنهم كانوا يؤمنون بنبي لهم يقال له زرادشت ثم كفروا بشرعه فرفع من بين أظهرهم والله أعلم. والمقصود أن من كفر بنبي من الأنبياء فقد كفر بسائر الأنبياء فإن الإيمان واجب بكل نبي بعثه الله إلى أهل الأرض فمن رد نبوته للحسد أو العصبية أو التشهي تبين أن إيمانه بمن آمن به من الأنبياء ليس إيمانا شرعيا إنما هو عن غرض وهوى وعصبية ولهذا قال تعالى إن الذين يكفرون بالله ورسله فوسمهم بأنهم كفار بالله ورسله يريدون أن يفرقوا بين الله ورسله أي في الإيمان ويقولون نؤمن ببعض ونكفر ببعض ويريدون أن يتخذوا بين ذلك سبيلا أي طريقا ومسلكا.

Believing in Some Prophets and Rejecting Others is Pure Kufr

Allah threatens those who disbelieve in Him and in His Messengers, such as the Jews and Christians, who differentiate between Allah and His Messengers regarding faith. They believe in some Prophets and reject others, following their desires, lusts and the practices of their forefathers. They do not follow any proof for such distinction, because there is no such proof. Rather, they follow their lusts and prejudices. The Jews, may Allah curse them, believe in the Prophets, except `Isa and Muhammad, peace be upon them. The Christians believe in the Prophets but reject their Final and Seal, and the most honored among the prophets, Muhammad, peace be upon him. In addition, the Samirah (Samaritans) do not believe in any Prophet after Yuwsha` (Joshua), the successor of Musa bin `Imran. The Majus (Zoroastrians) are said to believe only in a Prophet called Zoroaster, although they do not believe in the law he brought them casting it behind them, and Allah knows best. Therefore, whoever rejects only one of Allah's Prophets, he will have disbelieved in all of them, because it is required from mankind to believe in every prophet whom Allah sent to the people of the earth. And whoever rejects one Prophet, out of envy, bias and personal whim, he only demonstrates that his faith in other Prophets is not valid, but an act of following desire and whim. This is why Allah said,

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْفُرُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ

(Verily, those who disbelieve in Allah and His Messengers...) Thus, Allah describes these people as disbelievers in Allah and His Messengers;

وَيُرِيدُونَ أَن يُفَرِّقُواْ بَيْنَ اللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ

(and wish to make distinction between Allah and His Messengers) in faith,

وَيقُولُونَ نُؤْمِنُ بِبَعْضٍ وَنَكْفُرُ بِبَعْضٍ وَيُرِيدُونَ أَن يَتَّخِذُواْ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلاً

(saying, "We believe in some but reject others," and wish to adopt a way in between.) Allah then describes them;

أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْكَـفِرُونَ حَقّاً

(They are in truth disbelievers.) meaning, their disbelief in the Prophet they claim to believe in is clear. This is because their claimed faith in a certain Messenger is not true, for had they truly believed in him, they would have believed in other Messengers, especially if the other Messenger has a stronger proof for his truthfulness. Or at least, they would have strived hard to acquire knowledge of the truth of the other Messenger. Allah said,

وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَـفِرِينَ عَذَاباً مُّهِيناً

(And We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating torment.) This is just punishment for belittling the Prophets whom they disbelieved in, by ignoring what the Prophet brought to them from Allah, and because they are interested in the insignificant possessions of this world. Or, their behavior could be the result of their disbelief in the Prophet after they were aware of his truth, just as the Jewish rabbis did during the time of Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . The Jews envied the Messenger because of the great prophethood that Allah gave him, and as a consequence, they denied the Messenger, defied him, became his enemies and fought against him. Allah sent humiliation upon them in this life, that shall be followed by disgrace in the Hereafter,

وَضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ وَالْمَسْكَنَةُ وَبَآءُوا بِغَضَبٍ مِّنَ اللَّهِ

(And they were covered with humiliation and misery, and they drew on themselves the wrath of Allah.) in this life and the Hereafter. Allah's statement,

وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَلَمْ يُفَرِّقُواْ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِّنْهُمْ

(And those who believe in Allah and His Messengers and make no distinction between any of them,) This refers to the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ who believe in every Book that Allah has revealed and in every Prophet whom Allah has sent. Allah said,

ءَامَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِن رَّبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ ءَامَنَ بِاللَّهِ

(The Messenger believes in what has been revealed to him from his Lord, and (so do) the believers. All of them believe in Allah.) (2:285). Allah then states that He has prepared great rewards for them, tremendous favor and a handsome bounty,

أُوْلَـئِكَ سَوْفَ يُؤْتِيهِمْ أُجُورَهُمْ

(We shall give them their rewards;) because of their faith in Allah and His Messengers,

وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً

(and Allah is Ever Forgiving, Most Merciful.) for their sin, if they have any.

Those who disbelieve in God and His messengers and seek to divide between God and His messengers by believing in Him but not in them and say ‘We believe in some of the messengers and disbelieve in some’ of the others and seek to adopt a way a path to follow between them between unbelief and belief.

Salvation depends on Islam

This clear verdict of the Holy Qur'an has exposed the rudderless and crooked ways of those who, in an effort to appear tolerant in dealings with peoples of other faiths, would like to present their religion and religious beliefs as gifts on a platter. By doing so, they wish to tell - despite and contrary to the clear injunctions of the Qur'an and Sunnah - people of other faiths that Muslims do not think that salvation depends on Islam alone and a Jew could keep to his or her creed and a Christian to his or hers and yet, both could look forward to salvation; though, they deny all prophets or at least some of them, for which reason this verse has declared them to be the kind of disbelievers who are destined for Hell.

There is no doubt about the fact that Islam stands unmatched in its attitude to non-Muslims in matters of justice and fairness, sympathy and goodwill, favour and tolerance. But, good favours can be made within the limits of one's rights and possessions. Religious principles and articles of faith are not our property which we could donate or present to somebody. Of course, Islam is generous and benevolent in its teachings of tolerance and good treatment with non-Muslims, but it is also equally cautious and firm in the defence of its frontiers. It maintains its essential approach of all possible sympathy and maximum tolerance with non-Muslims, but, at the same time, Islam absolves itself decisively from all forms of disbelief and customs woven around it, declaring Muslims as a people distinct from non-Muslims - and yet, it provides full protection to their national hallmarks. In short, Islam prefers to keep not only the acts of worship Muslims perform distinct from those of others, but also its way of life in a society, the examples of which abound in the Qur'an and Sunnah.

Had Islam believed in the possibility of salvation through every religion or community, it would have had no right to lay so much stress on spreading the message (Tabligh تَبلِیغ) of Islam, almost to the limit of staking property and life for it. This would have been wrong in principle and quite contrary to dictates of reason. In fact, by accepting such a premise, the very coming of the noble Prophet, may the blessings of Allah and peace be upon him, and the revelation of the glorious Qur'an, is rendered, God forbid, redundant. And, lest we miss, the entire Jihad carried out by the noble Prophet ﷺ and the rightly-guided Caliphs ؓ becomes meaningless, rather reduced to nothing but the lust for more land.

In this case, some people have fallen victims to doubt by a misreading of verse 62 in Surah al-Baqarah which is cited below:

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالنَّصَارَ‌ىٰ وَالصَّابِئِينَ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّـهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ‌ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُ‌هُمْ عِندَ رَ‌بِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ ﴿62﴾

Surely, those who believed in Allah, and those who happened to be Jews and Christians, and the Sabeans - whosoever believes in Allah and in the Last Day, and does good deeds - they have their reward with their Lord. And there is no fear for them nor shall they grieve.

Since, in this verse, rather than giving the full detail of what constitutes faith, only belief in Allah and in the Last Day has been considered sufficient, those who try to understand the Qur'an through an incomplete study have misunderstood the whole idea. They assumed that simply believing in Allah and the Last Day is enough for salvation and that believing in prophets is no condition for it: Thus, they failed to understand that the Qur'an has its own terminology in which Belief in Allah, in order to be acceptable, has to be in conjunction with Belief in the Prophet. Otherwise, even the Satan admits that there is a God and that He is One. The Holy Qur'an has itself clarified the real issue in the following words:

فَإِنْ آمَنُوا بِمِثْلِ مَا آمَنتُم بِهِ فَقَدِ اهْتَدَوا ۖ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّمَا هُمْ فِي شِقَاقٍ ۖ فَسَيَكْفِيكَهُمُ اللَّـهُ ۚ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ ﴿137﴾

So, if they believe in the like of what you believe in, they have certainly found the right path. And if they turn away, they are nothing but in antagonism. Then Allah will suffice you against them, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing. (2:137)

In other words, we can say that their faith will be valid and trust-worthy only when they have the same faith as common Muslims do, a faith in which Belief in the Prophet is indispensably necessary with Belief in Allah. Otherwise, if they do not do that, let it be understood that they are the ones who wish to create dissension. After that, for them, Allah will be sufficient on your behalf, and He is the One who hears everything and He is the One who knows everything.

As for the verses under discussion, it has been clearly declared that anyone who rejects even one of the prophets of Allah is an avowed disbeliever (kafir) and a recipient of the punishment of Hell. So, let us remember that Belief in Allah, in order to be valid, has to be with Belief in the Prophet. If the Belief in the Prophet is not there, even referring to Belief in Allah as such will not be correct.