39:49 Az-Zumar (The Groups)

يخبر تعالى عن حالة الإنسان وطبيعته، أنه حين يمسه ضر، من مرض أو شدة أو كرب. { دَعَانَا } ملحا في تفريج ما نزل به { ثُمَّ إِذَا خَوَّلْنَاهُ نِعْمَةً مِنَّا } فكشفنا ضره وأزلنا مشقته، عاد بربه كافرا، ولمعروفه منكرا. و { قَالَ إِنَّمَا أُوتِيتُهُ عَلَى عِلْمٍ } أي: علم من اللّه، أني له أهل، وأني مستحق له، لأني كريم عليه، أو على علم مني بطرق تحصيله.قال تعالى: { بَلْ هِيَ فِتْنَةٌ } يبتلي اللّه به عباده، لينظر من يشكره ممن يكفره. { وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ } فلذلك يعدون الفتنة منحة، ويشتبه عليهم الخير المحض، بما قد يكون سببا للخير أو للشر.

يقول تبارك وتعالى مخبرا عن الإنسان أنه في حال الضراء يتضرع إلى الله عز وجل وينيب إليه ويدعوه وإذا خوله نعمة منه بغى وطغى وقال "إنما أوتيته على علم" أي لما يعلم الله تعالى من استحقاقي له ولولا أني عند الله خصيص لما خولني هذا قال قتادة على علم عندي على خبر عندي قال الله عز وجل "بل هي فتنة" أي ليس الأمر كما زعم بل إنما أنعمنا عليه بهذه النعمة لنختبره فيما أنعمنا عليه أيطيع أم يعصي مع علمنا المتقدم بذلك فهي فتنة. أي اختبار "ولكن أكثرهم لا يعلمون" فلهذا يقولون ما يقولون ويدعون.

How Man changes when He is blessed after suffering Harm

Allah tells us how man, when he is suffering from harm, prays to Allah, turning to Him in repentance and calling upon Him, but when He makes things easy for him, he transgresses and commits sins.

إِنَّمَآ أُوتِيتُهُ عَلَى عِلْمٍ

(Only because of knowledge I obtained it.) means, `because Allah knows that I deserve it; if it were not for the fact that Allah regards me as special, He would not have given me this.' Qatadah said, "Because I know that I deserve it." Allah says:

بَلْ هِىَ فِتْنَةٌ

(Nay, it is only a trial,) meaning, `the matter is not as he claims; on the contrary, We have blessed him with this as a test to see whether he will be obedient or disobedient -- although We have prior knowledge of that.' In fact, it is a trial.

وَلَـكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ

(but most of them know not!) So they say what they say and claim what they claim.

قَدْ قَالَهَا الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ

(Verily, those before them said it,) means, the previous nations who came before said the same things and made the same claims,

فَمَآ أَغْنَى عَنْهُمْ مَّا كَانُواْ يَكْسِبُونَ

(yet (all) that they had earned availed them not. ) means, what they said was not right and all that they had gathered did not save them.

فَأَصَـبَهُمْ سَيِّئَاتُ مَا كَسَبُواْ وَالَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ مِنْ هَـؤُلاَءِ

(So, the evil results of that which they earned overtook them. And those who did wrong of these...) means, the people who are addressed here,

سَيُصِيبُهُمْ سَيِّئَاتُ مَا كَسَبُواْ

(will also be overtaken by the evil results (torment) for that which they earned;) just as happened to those earlier peoples.

وَمَا هُمْ بِمُعْجِزِينَ

(and they will never be able to escape.) This is like the Ayah in which Allah tells us how Qarun reacted when his people told him:

إِنَّ قَـرُونَ كَانَ مِن قَوْمِ مُوسَى فَبَغَى عَلَيْهِمْ وَءَاتَيْنَاهُ مِنَ الْكُنُوزِ مَآ إِنَّ مَفَاتِحَهُ لَتَنُوأُ بِالْعُصْبَةِ أُوْلِى الْقُوَّةِ إِذْ قَالَ لَهُ قَوْمُهُ لاَ تَفْرَحْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُحِبُّ الْفَرِحِينَ - وَابْتَغِ فِيمَآ ءَاتَاكَ اللَّهُ الدَّارَ الاٌّخِرَةَ وَلاَ تَنسَ نَصِيبَكَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَأَحْسِن كَمَآ أَحْسَنَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ وَلاَ تَبْغِ الْفَسَادَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُحِبُّ الْمُفْسِدِينَ - قَالَ إِنَّمَآ أُوتِيتُهُ عَلَى عِلْمٍ عِندِى أَوَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَهْلَكَ مِن قَبْلِهِ مِنَ الْقُرُونِ مَنْ هُوَ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُ قُوَّةً وَأَكْثَرُ جَمْعاً وَلاَ يُسْأَلُ عَن ذُنُوبِهِمُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ

("Do not exult, verily, Allah likes not those who exult. But seek, with that (wealth) which Allah has bestowed on you, the home of the Hereafter, and forget not your portion of lawful enjoyment in this world; and do good as Allah has been good to you, and seek not mischief in the land. Verily, Allah likes not the corrupters." He said: "This has been given to me only because of the knowledge I possess." Did he not know that Allah had destroyed before him generations, men who were stronger than him in might and greater in the amount (of riches) they had collected But the criminals will not be questioned of their sins.") (28:76-78). And Allah says:

وَقَالُواْ نَحْنُ أَكْثَـرُ أَمْوَلاً وَأَوْلَـداً وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمُعَذَّبِينَ

(And they say: "We are more in wealth and in children, and we are not going to be punished.") (34:35).

أَوَلَمْ يَعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيَقْدِرُ

(Do they not know that Allah expands the provision for whom He wills, and straitens it.) means, He gives plenty to some and restricts the provision for others.

إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَـتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ

(Verily, in this are signs for the folk who believe!) means, there is a lesson and proof.

So when some distress befalls man al-insān here a generic he supplicates Us. Then when We bestow on him a grace from Us he says ‘I was given it merely by force of knowledge’ from God that I was deserving of it. Nay but it this saying is a trial a test by which servants are tested. But most of them do not know that such bestowal of grace is a way of drawing them on and a test of their faith.

In verse 47, it was said: وَبَدَا لَهُم مِّنَ اللَّـهِ مَا لَمْ يَكُونُوا يَحْتَسِبُونَ (And there will appear to them from Allah what they have never imagined.) The famous tabi` i, Sufyan Thawri recited this verse and said, 'Ruined are those who did good deeds only to pretend their piety before people. (He repeated this sentence twice) This verse is about them. They did good deeds in their mortal life to impress people, who took them to be good people. Even they themselves used to deceive themselves by thinking that these deeds will become a source of salvation for them in the Hereafter. But, as these were never performed with unalloyed sincerity ('ikhlas), they deserve no reward in the sight of Allah. So, once they are in the life after death, the punishment would come upon them suddenly against their expectation.' (Qurtubi)

An important instruction concerning 'mushajarat' (disagreements among Sahabah)

Someone asked Rabi' Ibn-u1_-Khaitham about the shahadah (martyrdom) of Sayyidna Husain ؓ . He sighed and recited the verse (46): قُلِ اللَّـهُمَّ فَاطِرَ‌ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْ‌ضِ عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ أَنتَ تَحْكُمُ بَيْنَ عِبَادِكَ ( O Allah, Creator of the heavens and the earth, Knower of the unseen and the seen, You will judge between Your servants...) and said, 'whenever you have a doubt in your heart about the mutual difference of the noble Sahabah, do recite this verse.' Tafsir Ruh-ul-Ma’ ani reports this statement and then says: This teaches us the best etiquette in regard to this issue, and is something one should always bear in mind.