39:31 Az-Zumar (The Groups)

{ ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عِنْدَ رَبِّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ } فيما تنازعتم فيه، فيفصل بينكم بحكمه العادل، ويجازي كُلًّا ما عمله { أَحْصَاهُ اللَّهُ وَنَسُوهُ }

قال ابن أبي حاتم رحمه الله حدثنا محمد بن عبيد الله بن يزيد المقري حدثنا سفيان عن محمد بن عمرو عن أبي حاطب - يعني يحيى بن عبدالرحمن - عن ابن الزبير رضي الله عنهما قال لما نزلت "ثم إنكم يوم القيامة عند ربكم تختصمون" قال الزبير رضي الله عنه: يا رسول الله أتكرر علينا الخصومة؟ قال صلى الله عليه وسلم "نعم" قال رضي الله عنه" إن الأمر إذا لشديد. وكذا رواه الإمام أحمد عن سفيان وعنده زيادة ولما نزلت "ثم لتسئلن يومئذ عن النعيم" قال الزبير رضي الله عنه: أي رسول الله أي نعيم نسأل عنه وإنما نعيمنا الأسودان: التمر والماء؟ قال صلى الله عليه وسلم "أما إن ذلك سيكون" وقد روى هذه الزيادة الترمذي وابن ماجه من حديث سفيان به وقال الترمذي حسن وقال أحمد أيضا حدثنا ابن نمير حدثنا محمد - يعني ابن عمرو - عن يحيى بن عبدالرحمن بن حاطب عن عبدالله بن الزبير عن الزبير بن العوام رضي الله عنه قال: لما نزلت هذه السورة على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "إنك ميت وإنهم ميتون ثم إنكم يوم القيامة عند ربكم تختصمون" قال الزبير رضي الله عنه أي رسول الله أيكرر علينا ما كان بيننا في الدنيا مع خواص الذنوب؟ قال صلى الله عليه وسلم "نعم ليكررن عليكم حتى يؤدى إلى كل ذي حق حقه" قال الزبير رضي الله عنه: والله إن الأمر لشديد رواه الترمذي من حديث محمد بن عمرو به وقال حسن صحيح وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا قتيبة بن سعيد حدثنا ابن لهيعة عن أبي عياش عن عقبة بن عامر رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "أول الخصمين يوم القيامة جاران" تفرد به أحمد وقال الإمام أحمد أيضا حدثنا حسن بن موسى حدثنا ابن لهيعة حدثنا دراج عن أبي الهيثم عن أبي سعيد رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "والذي نفسي بيده إنه ليختصم حتى الشاتان فيما انتطحتا" تفرد به أحمد رحمه الله وفي المسند عن أبي ذر رضي الله عنه أنه قال رأى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم شاتين ينتطحان فقال "أتدري فيم ينتطحان يا أبا ذر؟" قلت لا قال صلى الله عليه وسلم "لكن الله يدري وسيحكم بينهما" وقال الحافظ أبو بكر البزار حدثنا سهل بن محمد حدثنا حيان بن أغلب ما أبي حدثنا ثابت عن أنس رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "يجاء بالإمام الجائر الخائن يوم القيامة فتخاصمه الرعية فيفلحون عليه فيقال له سد ركنا من أركان جهنم" ثم قال الأغلب بن تميم ليس بالحافظ. وقال علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما "ثم إنكم يوم القيامة عند ربكم تختصمون" يقول يخاصم الصادق الكاذب والمظلوم الظالم والمهتدي الضال والضعيف المستكبر وقد روى ابن منده في كتاب الروح عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما أنه قال: يختصم الناس يوم القيامة حتى تختصم الروح مع الجسد فتقول الروح للجسد أنت فعلت ويقول الجسد للروح أنت أمرت وأنت سولت فيبعث الله تعالى ملكا يفصل بينهما فيقول لهما إن مثلكما كمثل رجل مقعد بصير والآخر ضرير دخلا بستانا فقال المقعد للضرير إني أرى ههنا ثمارا ولكن لا أصل إليها فقال له الضرير اركبني فتناولها فركبه فتناولها فأيهما المعتدي؟ فيقولان كلاهما فيقول لهما الملك فإنكما قد حكمتما على أنفسكما يعني أن الجسد للروح كالمطية وهو راكبه. وقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا جعفر بن أحمد بن عوسجة حدثنا ضرار حدثنا أبو سلمة الخزاعي حدثنا منصور بن سلمة حدثنا القمي - يعني يعقوب بن عبدالله - عن جعفر بن المغيرة عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما قال: نزلت هذه الآية وما نعلم في أي شيء نزلت "ثم إنكم يوم القيامة عند ربكم تختصمون" قال قلنا من نخاصم؟ ليس بيننا وبين أهل الكتاب خصومة فمن نخاصم؟ حتى وقعت الفتنة فقال ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما: هذا الذي وعدنا ربنا عز وجل نختصم فيه ورواه النسائي عن محمد بن عامر عن منصور بن سلمة به وقال أبو العالية في قوله تبارك وتعالي "ثم إنكم يوم القيامة عند ربكم تختصمون" قال يعني أهل القبلة وقال ابن زيد: يعني أهل الإسلام وأهل الكفر وقد قدمنا أن الصحيح العموم والله سبحانه وتعالى أعلم.

The Parable of Shirk

وَلَقَدْ ضَرَبْنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِى هَـذَا الْقُرْءَانِ مِن كُلِّ مَثَلٍ

(And indeed We have put forth for men, in this Qur'an every kind of parable) means, `We have explained things to mankind in it the Qur'an by setting forth examples and parables.'

لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ

(in order that they may remember.) Because parables bring the meaning closer to people's minds. As Allah says:

ضَرَبَ لَكُمْ مَّثَلاً مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ

(He sets forth for you a parable from yourselves) (30:28). meaning, `so that you may learn it from yourselves.' And Allah says:

وَتِلْكَ الاٌّمْثَالُ نَضْرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ وَمَا يَعْقِلُهَآ إِلاَّ الْعَـلِمُونَ

(in Order that they may have Taqwa of Him.) (29:43).

قُرْءَاناً عَرَبِيّاً غَيْرَ ذِى عِوَجٍ

(An Arabic Qur'an, without any crookedness (therein)) means, it is in a plain Arabic tongue, with no crookedness, deviation or confusion. It is plain, clear proof. Allah has made it like this and has revealed it like this,

لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ

(in order that they may have Taqwa of Him) means, in order that they may heed the warnings contained therein, and strive to attain the promises therein. Then Allah says:

ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلاً رَّجُلاً فِيهِ شُرَكَآءُ مُتَشَـكِسُونَ

(Allah puts forth a parable: a man belonging to many partners disputing with one another,) meaning, they were disputing concerning that slave in whom they all had a share.

وَرَجُلاً سَلَماً لِّرَجُلٍ

(and a (slave) man belonging entirely to one master.) means, no one owned him except that one man.

هَلْ يَسْتَوِيَانِ مَثَلاً

(Are those two equal in comparison) meaning, they are not the same. By the same token, the idolator who worships other gods besides Allah and the sincere believer who worships none besides Allah, with no partner or associate, are not equal. What comparison can there be between them Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, Mujahid and others said, "This Ayah is the parable of the idolator and the sincere believer." Because this parable is so clear and obvious, Allah then says:

الْحَمْدُ للَّهِ

(All the praises and thanks be to Allah!) i.e., for establishing proof against them.

بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ

(But most of them know not. ) means, and for this reason they associate others in worship with Allah.

The fact that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Quraysh will die, and how They will dispute before Allah

Allah's saying;

إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَّيِّتُونَ

(Verily, you will die, and verily, they (too) will die.) This is one of the Ayat which Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, quoted when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, so that the people would realize that he had really died. Another Ayah which he quoted was:

وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلاَّ رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفإِيْن مَّاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَـبِكُمْ وَمَن يَنقَلِبْ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ فَلَن يَضُرَّ اللَّهَ شَيْئاً وَسَيَجْزِى اللَّهُ الشَّـكِرِينَ

(Muhammad is no more than a Messenger, and indeed (many) Messengers have passed away before him. If he dies or is killed, will you then turn back on your heels And he who turns back on his heels, not the least harm will do to Allah; and Allah will give reward to those who are grateful.)(3:144). The meaning of this Ayah is that you will certainly depart this world and be gathered before Allah in the Hereafter. You will dispute the issues of Tawhid and Shirk before Allah, things over which you disputed in this world, and He will judge between you with truth, and He is the Judge, the All-Knowing. So, He will save the sincere believers who worship Him alone, and He will punish the disbelievers who deny His Oneness and associate others in worship with Him. Although this Ayah speaks about the believers and disbelievers, and how they will dispute in the Hereafter, it also includes all disputants in this world, for their disputes will come back to them in the Hereafter. Ibn Abi Hatim, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded that Ibn Az-Zubayr, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "When the Ayah

ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ عِندَ رَبِّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ

(Then, on the Day of Resurrection, you will be disputing before your Lord.) was revealed, Az-Zubayr, may Allah be pleased with him, said, `O Messenger of Allah, will we repeat our disputes' He said,

«نَعَم»

(Yes.) He (Az-Zubayr) said, `This is a very serious matter."' Ahmad recorded from Az-Zubayr bin Al-`Awwam, may Allah be pleased with him, that when this Surah was revealed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ:

إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَّيِّتُونَ - ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ عِندَ رَبِّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ

(Verily, you will die, and verily, they (too) will die. Then, on the Day of Resurrection, you will be disputing before your Lord.) Az-Zubayr, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "O Messenger of Allah, will the sins that we committed against others in this world be repeated for us" He said,

«نَعَمْ، لَيُكَرَّرَنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ حَتْى يُؤَدَّى إِلَى كُلِّ ذِي حَقَ حَقُّه»

(Yes, they will be repeated until everyone who is entitled will have his rights restored to him. ) Az-Zubayr, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "By Allah, it is a very serious matter." It was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi, who said "Hasan Sahih." `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ عِندَ رَبِّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ

(Then, on the Day of Resurrection, you will be disputing before your Lord.) means, the truthful one will dispute with the liar, the oppressed will dispute with the oppressor, the one who is guided will dispute with the one who is misguided and the weak will dispute with the arrogant. Ibn Mandah recorded in Kitab Ar-Ruh that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The people will dispute on the Day of Resurrection, to the extent that the soul will dispute with the body. The soul will say to the body, `You did such and such,' and the body will say to the soul, `You told me to do it and you tempted me.' Then Allah will send an angel to judge between them, and he will say, `You two are like a man who cannot walk but can see, and a man who cannot see but can walk.' They went into a garden and the one who could not walk said to the one who was blind, `I see fruit there, but I cannot reach it.' The blind man said, `Climb on me and get it.' So he climbed on him and got it. So which of them is the wrongdoer They will say, `Both of them.' The angel will say to them, `You have passed judgement against yourselves.' The body was a means of transportation for the soul." Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Sa`id bin Jubayr said that Ibn `Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "This Ayah was revealed and we did not know what it was revealed about:

ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ عِندَ رَبِّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ

(Then, on the Day of Resurrection, you will be disputing before your Lord.)" He said, "We said, what will we dispute about There is no dispute between us and the People of the Book, so what will we dispute about Until the Fitnah occurred." Then Ibn `Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "This is what our Lord promised us we would dispute about." This was recorded by An-Nasa'i.

Then you will indeed O mankind concerning the injustices you committed towards one another be contending before your Lord on the Day of Resurrection.

Justice in the court of Resurrection: The form in which the right of the oppressed will be retrieved from the oppressor.

In verse 31, it was said: ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عِندَ رَ‌بِّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ (After that, on the Day of Doom, you will surely place your disputes before your Lord). Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ says that the word:إِنَّكُمْ (innakum: surely you...) at this place includes - believers, disbelievers, Muslims - all of them, oppressor or oppressed. All of them will submit their cases in the court of their Lord, and He will have the right of the oppressed paid back by the oppressor whether a disbeliever, or believer. And the form in which these rights will be paid back will be what has mentioned in a narration of Sayyidna Abu Hurairah ؓ that appears in the Sahih of al-Bukhari. According to this, the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، said, 'a person who has a right of someone due against him should either pay it off, or have it forgiven right here in this world and become halal, that is, stand absolved of any responsibility on that count. The reason is that there are not going to be any currencies of dirhams and dinars (or any others found in the mortal world) in the universe of the Hereafter. If the oppressor has some good deeds in his account, then, these deeds will be taken from him to the measure of the oppression he did, and will be given to the oppressed. And in case he has no good deeds with him, bad deeds and sins of the oppressed will be taken from him and put into the account of the oppressor.

And there is a narration of Sayyidna Abu Hurairah ؓ in Sahih Muslim according to which the Holy Prophet ﷺ on a certain day asked his noble Sahabah, "Do you know who a pauper is?" The Sahabah said, ya rasulAllah, as for us, a pauper is one who has neither cash nor things needed (to run one's life).' He said, "The real pauper in my Ummah is a person who will come to the Day of Judgment with lots of good deeds, prayers, fasts, zakah and things like that, but such would the record (of his dealings with others) that he (in his mortal life) would have hurled invectives on someone, leveled false accusation against someone, devoured someone's property by unfair means, had someone killed, beaten or harassed. All those so oppressed will take their plaint before Allah, and the good deeds of the oppressor will be distributed over the oppressed. After that, when no good deeds are left, and the claims of the oppressed still remain to be settled, then, the sins of the oppressed will be passed on to the oppressor, and he will be thrown into the Jahannam. [ Hence, this person despite having everything, ended up being a pauper on the Day of Judgment - he is what a real pauper is!]

And Tabarani, citing a trustworthy authority, has reported from Sayyidna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari ؓ that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said, "The first case presented in the court of Allah will be that of man and his wife and, by God, the tongue will be silent there, instead, hands and feet of the woman will bear witness as to blames she used to impute to her husband. Similarly, the hands and feet of the man will bear witness as to how he used to cause pain to his wife. After that, servants will be brought before their respective masters, and redress will be provided for their complaints. After that, people from common markets with whom one had one or the other dealing will be presented, and if one of them has been subjected to some injustice, his right will be duly vacated.'