39:20 Az-Zumar (The Groups)

لكن الغنى كل الغنى، والفوز كل الفوز، للمتقين الذين أعد لهم من الكرامة وأنواع النعيم، ما لا يقادر قدره.{ لَهُمْ غُرَفٌ } أي: منازل عالية مزخرفة، من حسنها وبهائها وصفائها، أنه يرى ظاهرها من باطنها وباطنها من ظاهرها، ومن علوها وارتفاعها، [أنها] ترى كما يرى الكوكب الغابر في الأفق الشرقي أو الغربي، ولهذا قال: { مِنْ فَوْقِهَا غُرَفٌ } أي: بعضها فوق بعض \"مَبْنِيَّةٌ\" بذهب وفضة، وملاطها المسك الأذفر.{ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ } المتدفقة، المسقية للبساتين الزاهرة والأشجار الطاهرة، فتغل بأنواع الثمار اللذيذة، والفاكهة النضيجة.{ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ لَا يُخْلِفُ اللَّهُ الْمِيعَادَ } وقد وعد المتقين هذا الثواب، فلا بد من الوفاء به، فليوفوا بخصال التقوى، ليوفيهم أجورهم.

ثم أخبر عز وجل عن عباده السعداء أن لهم غرفا في الجنة وهي القصور أى الشاهقة "من فوقها غرف مبنية" طباق فوق طباق مبنيات محكمات مزخرفات عاليات قال عبدالله بن الإمام أحمد حدثنا عباد بن يعقوب الأسدي حدثنا محمد بن فضيل عن عبدالرحمن بن إسحاق عن النعمان بن سعد عن علي رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "إن في الجنة لغرفا يرى بطونها من ظهورها وظهورها من بطونها" فقال أعرابي لمن هي يا رسول الله؟ قال صلى الله عليه وسلم "لمن أطاب الكلام وأطعم الطعام وصلى بالليل والناس نيام" ورواه الترمذي من حديث عبدالرحمن بن إسحاق وقال حسن غريب وقد تكلم بعض أهل العلم فيه من قبل حفظه وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا عبدالرزاق حدثنا معمر عن يحيى بن أبي كثير عن ابن معانق ـ أو أبي معانق - عن أبي مالك الأشعري رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "إن في الجنة لغرقا يرى ظاهرها من باطنها وباطنها من ظاهرها أعدها الله تعالى لمن أطعم الطعام وألان الكلام وتابع الصيام وصلى والناس نيام" تفرد به أحمد من حديث عبدالله بن معانق الأشعري عن أبي مالك الأشعري رضي الله عنه به وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا قتيبة بن سعيد حدثنا يعقوب بن عبدالرحمن عن أبي حازم عن سهل بن سعد رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال "إن أهل الجنة ليتراءون الغرفة في الجنة كما تراءون الكوكب في أفق السماء" قال فحدثت بذلك النعمان بن أبي عياش فقال سمعت أبا سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه يقول "كما تراءون الكوكب الذي في الأفق الشرقي أو الغربي" أخرجاه في الصحيحين من حديث أبي حازم وأخرجاه أيضا في الصحيحين من حديث مالك عن صفوان بن سليم عن عطاء بن يسار عن أبي سعيد رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا فزارة أخبرني فليح عن هلال بن علي عن عطاء بن يسار عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال "إن أهل الجنة ليتراءون في الجنة أهل الغرف كما تراءون الكوكب الدري الغارب في الأفق الطالع ـ في تفاضل أهل الدرجات - فقالوا يا رسول الله أولئك النبيون؟ فقال صلى الله عليه وسلم "بلى والذي نفسي بيده وأقوام آمنوا بالله وصدقوا الرسل" ورواه الترمذي عن سويد عن ابن المبارك عن فليح به وقال حسن صحيح وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا أبو النضر وأبو عامر قالا حدثنا زهير حدثنا سعد الطائي حدثنا أبو المدله مولى أم المؤمنين رضي الله عنها أنه سمع أبا هريرة رضي الله عنه يقول: قلنا يا رسول الله إنا إذا رأيناك رقت قلوبنا وكنا من أهل الآخرة فإذا فارقناك أعجبتنا الدنيا وشممنا النساء والأولاد قال صلى الله عليه وسلم "لو أنكم تكونون على كل حال على الحال التي أنتم عليها عندي لصافحتكم الملائكة بأكفهم ولزارتكم في بيوتكم ولو لم تذنبوا لجاء الله عز وجل بقوم يذنبون كي يغفر لهم" قلنا يا رسول الله حدثنا عن الجنة ما بناؤها؟ قال صلى الله عليه وسلم "لبنة ذهب ولبنة فضة وملاطها المسك الأذفر وحصباؤها اللؤلؤ والياقوت وترابها الزعفران من يدخلها ينعم ولا يبأس ويخلد ولا يموت لا تبلى ثيابه ولا يفنى شبابه ثلاثة لا ترد دعوتهم: الإمام العادل والصائم حتى يفطر ودعوة المظلوم حمل على الغمام وتفتح لها أبواب السموات ويقول الرب تبارك وتعالى وعزتي لأنصرنك ولو بعد حين" وروى الترمذي وابن ماجة بعضه من حديث سعد بن أبي مجاهد الطائي وكان ثقة عن أبي المدله وكان ثقة به. وقوله تعالى "تجري من تحتها الأنهار" أي تسلك الأنهار بين خلال ذلك كما يشاءوا وأين أرادوا "وعد الله" أي هذا الذي ذكرناه وعد وعده الله عباده المؤمنين "إن الله لا يخلف الميعاد".

مِّن فَوْقِهَا غُرَفٌ مَّبْنِيَّةٌ

(are built lofty rooms, one above another), story upon story, solidly-constructed, adorned and high. `Abdullah bin Al-Imam Ahmad recorded that `Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

«إِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ لَغُرَفًا يُرَى بُطُونُهَا مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا، وَظُهُورُهَا مِنْ بُطُونِهَا»

(In Paradise there are rooms whose inside can be seen from the outside, and the outside can be seen from the inside.) A bedouin asked, `Who are they for, O Messenger of Allah' He said,

«لِمَنْ أَطَابَ الْكَلَامَ، وَأَطْعَمَ الطَّعَامَ، وَصَلَّى بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّاسُ نِيَام»

(For those who speak kindly, feed the hungry and stand in prayer at night whilst the people are sleeping.)" This was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Gharib". Imam Ahmad recorded from Sahl bin Sa`d, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

«إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ لَيَتَرَاءَوْنَ فِي الْغُرْفَةِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، كَمَا تَرَاءَوْنَ الْكَوْكَبَ فِي أُفُقِ السَّمَاء»

(The people of Paradise will look towards each other in raised places of Paradise as you look towards the stars on the horizons of the sky.) He said, "I told An-Nu`man bin Abi `Ayyash about that, and he said, `I heard Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, narrate it:

«كَمَا تَرَاءَوْنَ الْكَوْكَبَ الَّذِي فِي الْأُفُقِ الشَّرْقِيِّ أَوِ الْغَرْبِي»

(As you see the stars on the horizon of the east or the west.)"' It was also recorded in the Two Sahihs. Imam Ahmad said, "Fazarah narrated to us; Fulayh narrated to us; from Hilal bin `Ali, from `Ata' bin Yasar, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

«إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ لَيَتَرَاءَوْنَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَهْلَ الْغُرَفِ، كَمَا تَرَاءَوْنَ الْكَوْكَبَ الدُّرِّيَّ الْغَارِبَ فِي الْأُفُقِ الطَّالِعِ، فِي تَفَاضُلِ أَهْلِ الدَّرَجَات»

(The people of Paradise will look towards each other in the raised places of Paradise as you look at the high, bright stars which remain on the horizon. Such will be the difference in superiority which some of them have over others.) They said, "O Messenger of Allah, are those the abodes of the Prophets" He said:

«بَلَى، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، وَأَقْوَامٌ آمَنُوا بِاللهِ وَصَدَّقُوا الرُّسُل»

(No, by the One in Whose Hand is my soul, they are the abodes of people who believed in Allah and in the Messengers.) It was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Sahih."

تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ

(under which rivers flow.) means, the rivers flow wherever the people want them to flow.

وَعَدَ اللَّهُ

((This is) the promise of Allah,) means, `all that We have mentioned here is what Allah has promised to His believing servants.'

إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ

(and Allah does not fail in (His) promise.)

But as for those who fear their Lord and therefore obey Him — for them there will be lofty abodes with other lofty abodes built above them with rivers flowing beneath them that is beneath both the upper and the lower abodes — a promise of God wa‘da’Llāhi in the accusative because of an implied verb governing it. God does not fail the tryst He does not break His promise.

Commentary

In the Tafsir of verses 17 and 18: فَبَشِّرْ‌ عِبَادِ ﴿17﴾ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقَوْلَ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ أَحْسَنَهُ ۚ أُولَـٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَدَاهُمُ اللَّـهُ ۖ وَأُولَـٰئِكَ هُمْ أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ (So, give the good news to My servants who listen to what is said, then, follow the best of it. Those are the ones whom Allah has guided, and those are the ones who possess understanding), there are several views expressed by learned commentators. One of these is what Ibn Kathir has opted for. Maulana Ashraf ` Ali Thanavi has also gone by it. According to this view, the word: القول (al-qawl:what is said) used here means Qur'an, the Word of Allah, or it means the Qur'an inclusive of the teachings of the Holy Prophet ﷺ - and all of it is but the best. Therefore, the obvious dictate of the occasion was to say: يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقَوْلَ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ (who listen to what is said, then, follow it). But, that is not how it was said, instead, the word: أَحْسَنَ (ahsan) was added which indicates that these people did not follow the Qur'an and the teachings of the Holy Prophet ﷺ with any lack of discernment as is the way of some common people who hear something from someone and start following it without any inquiry, deliberation or insight. In fact, these are believers who have followed the Word of Allah and the teachings of His Rasul after having found it true and best. As a result, towards the end of the verse, they have been praised as being: أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ (ulu-l-al-bab) that is, the people of understanding, (the wise, the farsighted, and the discerning ones). Another example of this appears in the Qur'an itself when Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) is being addressed about the Torah in the following words: فَخُذْهَا بِقُوَّةٍ وَأْمُرْ‌ قَوْمَكَ يَأْخُذُوا بِأَحْسَنِهَا (So hold it firm, and ask your people to hold on to the best things in it - Al-A` raf, 7:145). Here too, the word: اَحسَن (ahsan) means the entire Torah and its injunctions. Similarly, in the verses cited above, 'listening to the word' means 'listening to the Qur'an' and 'following the best' means 'following the entire Qur'an' which has been referred to as: أَحْسَنَ الْحَدِيثِ (ahsan al-Hadith: the best thing said). In connection with this very Tafsir - that 'al-qawl' should be taken to mean the Qur'an particularly - some elders have also said that in the Qur'an as well there are many injunctions that have degrees of (hasan: good) and حَسَن (ahsan: better, best). For example, retaliation and pardon are both permissible, but pardon is better and more graceful: وَأَن تَصْبِرُ‌وا خَيْرٌ‌ لَّكُمْ (and that you be patient is better for you - An-Nis' - 4:25). There are many things in which the Qur'an gives one the choice to take to what one likes without any apprehension of sin, but, on occasions, it has also pinpointed one of these as being the best and most graceful thing to do, for example: وَأَن تَعْفُوا أَقْرَ‌بُ لِلتَّقْوَىٰ (And it is closer to taqwa that you forgive - Al-Baqarah, 2:237). There are many things in which concession has been granted, but opting for the way of courage and determination has still been called better and more graceful. Thus, the verse comes to mean that these people listen to the injunctions of the Qur'an - those relating to concession (rukhsah) as well as those relating to the courageous determination (` azimah) - but elect to follow the course of determination instead of concession. And in everything where they have a choice between two things, one being good and the other, better, then, invariably they elect to do what is better.

Then, there are many commentators who take 'al-qawl' at this place to mean what is said by common people that includes things about tauhid, shirk, kufr, Islam, haqq and batil, even about the refinements of truth as good, better, weightier and outweighed. If we were to follow this Tafsir, the verse would mean that, as far as listening is concerned, these people do listen to what everyone has to say - be they disbelievers or believer, be it truth or falsehood, good or bad, everything - but, when it comes to following, they follow only that which is the best. Thus, they follow tauhid, not shirk; haqq (truth), not batil (falsehood), and if they have to choose between the degrees of haqq, they follow that which is better and weightier. Therefore, these people were credited with two attributes: (1) Firstly, by virtue of: ھَدٰبھُمُ اللہُ (Allah has guided them - 39:18), therefore, they do not go astray after having listened to so many different things. (2) Secondly, by the compliment of: وَأُولَـٰئِكَ هُمْ أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ (and they are the ones who possess understanding - 39:18), that is, they are sensible people, and their good sense, insight and discernment helps them draw the line between good and bad, true and false. Thus, when such people have the ability to distinguish between good and better and when it comes to opting for one of the two, they would opt for the better.

Therefore, it has been said that this verse was revealed about Sayyidna Zayd Ibn ` Amr Ibn Nufayl, Sayyidna Abu Dharr al-Ghifari and Sayyidna Salman al-Farisi ؓ . Sayyidna Zayd Ibn ` Amru Ibn Nufayl ؓ used to hate shirk and idol worship even during the days of Jahiliyyah. The other two Sahabah, Sayyidna Abu Dharr al-Ghifari and Sayyidna Salman al-Farisi ؓ listened to people of different religions, to the mushriks, the Jews and the Christians, and saw their ways of life, and it was only then that they embraced Islam and, finding the teachings of the Qur'an as the best, they preferred them. (Qurtubi)