39:10 Az-Zumar (The Groups)

أي: قل مناديا لأشرف الخلق، وهم المؤمنون، آمرا لهم بأفضل الأوامر، وهي التقوى، ذاكرا لهم السبب الموجب للتقوى، وهو ربوبية اللّه لهم وإنعامه عليهم، المقتضي ذلك منهم أن يتقوه، ومن ذلك ما مَنَّ اللّه عليهم به من الإيمان فإنه موجب للتقوى، كما تقول: أيها الكريم تصدق، وأيها الشجاع قاتل.وذكر لهم الثواب المنشط في الدنيا فقال: { لِلَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُوا فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا } بعبادة ربهم { حَسَنَة } ورزق واسع، ونفس مطمئنة، وقلب منشرح، كما قال تعالى: { مَنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا مِنْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَلَنُحْيِيَنَّهُ حَيَاةً طَيِّبَةً } { وَأَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَاسِعَةٌ } إذا منعتم من عبادته في أرض، فهاجروا إلى غيرها، تعبدون فيها ربكم، وتتمكنون من إقامة دينكم.ولما قال: { لِلَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُوا فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةٌ } كان لبعض النفوس مجال في هذا الموضع، وهو أن النص عام، أنه كل من أحسن فله في الدنيا حسنة، فما بال من آمن في أرض يضطهد فيها ويمتهن، لا يحصل له ذلك، دفع هذا الظن بقوله: { وَأَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَاسِعَةٌ } وهنا بشارة نص عليها النبي صلى اللّه عليه وسلم، بقوله ( لا تزال طائفة من أمتي على الحق ظاهرين لا يضرهم من خذلهم ولا من خالفهم حتى يأتي أمر اللّه وهم على ذلك ) تشير إليه هذه الآية، وترمي إليه من قريب، وهو أنه تعالى أخبر أن أرضه واسعة، فمهما منعتم من عبادته في موضع فهاجروا إلى غيرها، وهذا عام في كل زمان ومكان، فلا بد أن يكون لكل مهاجر، ملجأ من المسلمين يلجأ إليه، وموضع يتمكن من إقامة دينه فيه.{ إِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى الصَّابِرُونَ أَجْرَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ } وهذا عام في جميع أنواع الصبر، الصبر على أقدار اللّه المؤلمة فلا يتسخطها، والصبر عن معاصيه فلا يرتكبها، والصبر على طاعته حتى يؤديها، فوعد اللّه الصابرين أجرهم بغير حساب، أي: بغير حد ولا عد ولا مقدار، وما ذاك إلا لفضيلة الصبر ومحله عند اللّه، وأنه معين على كل الأمور.

يقول تعالى آمرا عباده المؤمنين بالاستمرار على طاعته وتقواه "قل يا عباد الذين آمنوا اتقوا ربكم للذين احسنوا في هذه الدنيا حسنة" أي لمن أحسن العمل في هذه الدنيا حسنة في دنياهم وأخراهم. وقوله "وأرض الله واسعة" قال مجاهد فهاجروا فيها وجاهدوا واعتزلوا الأوثان وقال شريك عن منصور عن عطاء في قوله تبارك وتعالى "وأرض الله واسعة" قال إذا دعيتم إلى معصيته فاهربوا ثم قرأ "ألم تكن أرض الله واسعة فتهاجروا فيها" وقوله تعالى "إنما يوفى الصابرون أجرهم بغير حساب" قال الأوزاعي ليس يوزن لهم ولا يكال لهم إنما يغرف لهم غرفا وقال ابن جريج بلغني أنه لا يحسب عليهم ثواب عملهم قط ولكن يزادون على ذلك وقال السدي "إنما يوفى الصابرون أجرهم بغير حساب" يعني في الجنة.

The Command for Taqwa, Emigration and to worship Him alone with all Sincerity

Allah commands His believing servants to remain steadfast in their obedience and have Taqwa of Him.

قُلْ يعِبَادِ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ اتَّقُواْ رَبَّكُمْ لِلَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُواْ فِى هَـذِهِ الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةٌ

(Say: "O My servants who believe, have Taqwa of your Lord. Good is for those who do good in this world...") means, the one who does good deeds in this world, will have a good (reward) in this world and in the Hereafter.

وَأَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَاسِعَةٌ

(and Allah's earth is spacious!) Mujahid said, "So emigrate through it and strive hard and keep away from idols."

إِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى الصَّـبِرُونَ أَجْرَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ

(Only those who are patient shall receive their reward in full, without reckoning.) Al-`Awza`i said, "Their reward will not be weighed or measured; they will be given an immense reward." As-Suddi said:

إِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى الصَّـبِرُونَ أَجْرَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ

(Only those who are patient shall receive their reward in full, without reckoning.) means, "In Paradise."

قُلْ إِنِّى أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ مُخْلِصاً لَّهُ الدِّينَ

(Say: "Verily, I am commanded to worship Allah, making religion sincerely for Him...") means, `I am commanded to worship Allah alone in all sincerity, with no partner or associate.'

وَأُمِرْتُ لاًّنْ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ

(And I am commanded (this) in order that I may be the first of the Muslims.)

Say ‘O servants of Mine who believe! Fear your Lord that is to say fear His chastisement by being obedient to Him. For those who are virtuous in this world through obedience there will be good and that is Paradise and God’s earth is vast so emigrate throughout it away from the company of disbelievers and the sight of indecencies. Truly the steadfast in their obedience of God and in enduring whatever hardship they may be tested with will be paid their reward in full without any reckoning’ without any measure or any scales to work it out.

In verse 10, it was said: وَأَرْ‌ضُ اللَّـهِ وَاسِعَةٌ (and the earth of Allah is wide).In the sentence previous to this, Good deeds had been enjoined. This might prompt someone to come up with the excuse, 'The city or country in which I live, or the social milieu I am stuck with around me stops me from doing good deeds.' This sentence carries an answer to this excuse - 'if you find adherence to Islamic legal injunctions difficult while living in some particular country, city or social setup, then, leave it. The earth of Allah is wide enough. Go and live at a place and in a surrounding that is conducive to remaining obedient to Divine commandments.' This persuades one to migrate from a place living in which one cannot dutifully follow and observe what has been enjoined by his religion. Some rules relating to hijrah (emigration) have already appeared in the commentary on Surah An-Nisa' (Ma’ ariful-Qur’ an, Volume II, Index p. 659, see under Hijrah).

In the last sentence of verse 10, it was said: إِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى الصَّابِرُ‌ونَ أَجْرَ‌هُم بِغَيْرِ‌ حِسَابٍ (Certainly those who observe patience will be given their reward in full without measure.) The expression: بِغَيْرِ‌ حِسَابٍ (bighayri-hisab: without measure) means that the reward of those who endure ordeals will not be given to them under some pre-determined calculations or measures, instead, it will be sans-calculation, sans-reckoning, in a spirit of generosity at its most sublime as mentioned in a Hadith narration that follows. Some others have interpreted this expression in the sense of request, or claim, that is, in this worldly life, should someone have some right due on someone, he has to initiate the claim for it. But, with Allah, those who observe patience will be given their reward without any request or claim.

Qatadah reports from Sayyidna Anas ؓ that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said, 'On the Day of Judgment, a Scale of Justice will be set in place. When people who had given Sadaqah (charity) come forward, whatever they had given will be weighed, and they will be given their full reward against it. Similarly, the acts of worship such as Salah and Hajj will be weighed, and its reward would be duly given to those who had performed these. And when come those who had stood patient against trials and tribulations, for them, there will be no measure and weight, instead, their return and reward will be rolled down towards them without calculation, measure or reckoning - because, Allah Ta ala has said: إِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى الصَّابِرُ‌ونَ أَجْرَ‌هُم بِغَيْرِ‌ حِسَابٍ (Certainly those who observe patience will be given their reward in full without measure. - 39:10). So much so that people who had lived their life of the mortal world in perfect peace and comfort would wish, 'alas! Had our bodies been shredded with scissors during our life in the mortal world, we too would have earned a similar return for our endurance and patience against trials.'

Imam Malik (رح) has taken: صَابرین (as-sabirun) in this verse to mean people who endure hardships and remain patient over sorrows of the mortal life. Some elders have said that it means people who hold their self in check against acts of disobedience and sin. Qurtubi says, 'when the word: صَابِر (sabir: patient) is uttered unaccompanied by some other word, it invariably means a person who observes patience against hardships caused during the process of making one's desiring self abstain from sins. And when the word: صَبر (sabir) is used for a person who remains patient against distress, it is coupled with some other words: صَابِرت علی کَذَا (one who is patient against such and such distress). وَاللہ سبحانہ و تعالیٰ اَعلَم Allah knows best.