36:29 Yaseen (Yaseen)

{ إِنْ كَانَتْ } أي: كانت عقوبتهم { إِلَّا صَيْحَةً وَاحِدَةً } أي: صوتا واحدا، تكلم به بعض ملائكة اللّه، { فَإِذَا هُمْ خَامِدُونَ } قد تقطعت قلوبهم في أجوافهم، وانزعجوا لتلك الصيحة، فأصبحوا خامدين، لا صوت ولا حركة، ولا حياة بعد ذلك العتو والاستكبار، ومقابلة أشرف الخلق بذلك الكلام القبيح، وتجبرهم عليهم.

"إن كانت إلا صيحه واحدة فإذا هم خامدون" قال فأهلك الله تعالى ذلك الملك وأهل أنطاكية فبادوا عن وجه الأرض فلم يبق منهم باقية وقيل "وما كنا منزلين" أي وما كنا ننزل الملائكة على الأمم إذا أهلكناهم بل نبعث عليهم عذابا يدمرهم وقيل المعنى في قوله تعالى "وما أنزلنا على قومه من بعده من جند من السماء" أى من رسالة أخرى إليهم قاله مجاهد وقتادة قال قتادة فلا والله ما عاتب الله قومه بعد قتله "إن كانت إلا صيحة واحدة فإذا هم خامدون" قال ابن جرير والأول أصح لأن الرسالة لا تسمى جندا. قال المفسرون بعث الله تعالى إليهم جبريل عليه الصلاة والسلام فأخذ بعضادتي باب بلدهم ثم صاح فيهم صيحة واحدة فإذا هم خامدون عن آخرهم لم يبق فيهم روح تتردد في جسد وقد تقدم عن كثير من السلف أن هذه القرية هي أنطاكية وأن هؤلاء الثلاثة كانوا رسلا من عند المسيح عيسى ابن مريم عليه الصلاة والسلام كما نص عليه قتادة وغيره وهو الذي لم يذكر عن واحد من متأخري المفسرين غيره وفي ذلك نظر من وجوه "أحدها" أن ظاهر القصة يدل على أن هؤلاء كانوا رسل الله عز وجل لا من جهة المسيح عليه السلام كما قال تعالى: "إذ أرسلنا إليهم اثنين فكذبوهما فعززنا بثالث فقالوا إنا إليكم مرسلون - إلى أن قالوا - ربنا يعلم إنا إليكم لمرسلون وما علينا إلا البلاغ المبين" ولو كان هؤلاء من الحواريين لقالوا عبارة تناسب أنهم من عند المسيح عليه السلام والله تعالى أعلم ثم لو كانوا رسل المسيح لما قالوا لهم "إن أنتم إلا بشر مثلنا" "الثاني" أن أهل أنطاكية آمنوا برسل المسيح إليهم وكانوا أول مدينة آمنت بالمسيح ولهذا كانت عند النصارى إحدى المدائن الأربعة اللاتي فيهن بتاركة وهن القدس لأنها بلد المسيح وأنطاكية لأنها أول بلدة آمنت بالمسيح عن آخر أهلها والإسكندرية لأن فيها اصطلحوا على اتخاذ البتاركة والمطارنة والأساقفة والقساوسة والشمامسة والرهابين. ثم رومية لأنها مدينة الملك قسطنطين الذي نصر دينهم وأوطده ولما ابتنى القسطنطينية نقلوا البترك من رومية إليها كما ذكره غير واحد ممن ذكر تواريخهم كسعيد بن بطريق وغيره من أهل الكتاب والمسلمين فإذا تقرر أن أنطاكية أول مدينة آمنت فأهل هذه القرية ذكر الله تعالى أنهم كذبوا رسله وأنه أهلكهم بصيحة واحدة أخمدتهم والله أعلم. "الثالث" أن قصة أنطاكية مع الحواريين أصحاب المسيح بعد نزول التوراة وقد ذكر أبو سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه وغير واحد من السلف أن الله تبارك وتعالى بعد إنزاله التوراة لم يهلك أمة من الأمم عن آخرهم بعذاب يبعثه عليهم بل أمر المؤمنين بعد ذلك بقتال المشركين ذكروه عند قوله تبارك وتعالى: "ولقد آتينا موسى الكتاب من بعد ما أهلكنا القرون الأولى" فعلى هذا يتعين أن هذه القرية المذكورة في القرآن قرية أخرى غير أنطاكية كما أطلق ذلك غير واحد من السلف أيضا أو تكون أنطاكية إن كان لفظها محفوظا في هذه القصة مدينة أخرى غير هذه المشهورة المعروفة فإن هذه لم يعرف أنها أهلكت لا في الملة النصرانية ولا قبل ذلك والله سبحانه وتعالى أعلم فأما الحديث الذي رواه الحافظ أبو القاسم الطبراني حدثنا الحسين بن إسحاق التستري حدثنا الحسين بن أبي السري العسقلاني حدثنا حسين الأشقر حدثنا ابن عيينة عن ابن أبي نجيح عن مجاهد عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "السبق ثلاثة: فالسابق إلى موسى عليه الصلاة والسلام يوشع بن نون والسابق إلى عيسى عليه الصلاة والسلام صاحب يس والسابق إلى محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه" فإنه حديث منكر لا يعرف إلا من طريق حسين الأشقر وهو شيعي متروك والله سبحانه وتعالى أعلم بالصواب.

ادْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ

("Enter Paradise.") so he entered it with all its bountiful provision, when Allah had taken away from him all the sickness, grief and exhaustion of this world. Mujahid said, "It was said to Habib An-Najjar, `Enter Paradise.' This was his right, for he had been killed. When he saw the reward,

قَالَ يلَيْتَ قَوْمِى يَعْلَمُونَ

(He said: "Would that my people knew...")." Qatadah said, "You will never find a believer but he is sincere and is never insincere. When he saw with his own eyes how Allah had honored him, he said:

قِيلَ ادْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ قَالَ يلَيْتَ قَوْمِى يَعْلَمُونَ - بِمَا غَفَرَ لِى رَبِّى وَجَعَلَنِى مِنَ الْمُكْرَمِينَ

(He said: "Would that my people knew that my Lord has forgiven me, and made me of the honored ones!") He wished that his people could know about what he was seeing with his own eyes of the honor of Allah." Ibn `Abbas said, "He was sincere towards his people during his lifetime by saying,

يقَوْمِ اتَّبِعُواْ الْمُرْسَلِينَ

(O my people! Obey the Messengers), and after his death by saying:

قِيلَ ادْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ قَالَ يلَيْتَ قَوْمِى يَعْلَمُونَ - بِمَا غَفَرَ لِى رَبِّى وَجَعَلَنِى مِنَ الْمُكْرَمِينَ

(Would that my people knew that my Lord (Allah) has forgiven me, and made me of the honored ones!) This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim. Sufyan Ath-Thawri narrated from `Asim Al-Ahwal from Abu Mijlaz:

بِمَا غَفَرَ لِى رَبِّى وَجَعَلَنِى مِنَ الْمُكْرَمِينَ

(That my Lord has forgiven me, and made me of the honored ones!) "Because of my faith in my Lord and my belief in the Messengers." He meant that if they could see the great reward and everlasting blessings that he had attained, this would lead them to follow the Messengers. May Allah have mercy on him and be pleased with him, for he was so keen that his people should be guided.

وَمَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَى قَوْمِهِ مِن بَعْدِهِ مِن جُندٍ مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ وَمَا كُنَّا مُنزِلِينَ

(And We sent not against his people after him an army from the heaven, nor was it needful for Us to send.) Allah tells us that He took revenge on his people after they had killed him because He, may He be blessed and exalted, was angry with them, for they had disbelieved in His Messengers and killed His close friend. Allah tells us that He did not send an army of angels, nor did He need to send them, to destroy these people; the matter was simpler than that. This was the view of Ibn Mas`ud, according to the reports of Ibn Ishaq from some of his companions concerning the Ayah:

وَمَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَى قَوْمِهِ مِن بَعْدِهِ مِن جُندٍ مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ وَمَا كُنَّا مُنزِلِينَ

(And We sent not against his people after him an army from the heaven, nor was it needful for Us to send.) He said: "`We did not seek to outnumber them, for the matter was simpler than that."

إِن كَانَتْ إِلاَّ صَيْحَةً وَحِدَةً فَإِذَا هُمْ خَـمِدُونَ

(It was but one Sayhah and lo! they (all) were still.) He said, "So Allah destroyed that tyrant king, and destroyed the people of Antioch, and they disappeared from the face of the earth, leaving no trace behind. It was said that the words

وَمَا كُنَّا مُنزِلِينَ

(nor was it needful for Us to send (such a thing).) mean, `We did not send the angels against the nations when We destroyed them; all We did was to send the punishment to destroy them.' It was said that the words:

وَمَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَى قَوْمِهِ مِن بَعْدِهِ مِن جُندٍ مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ

(And We sent not against his people after him an army from the heaven,) mean, another Message to them. This was the view of Mujahid and Qatadah. Qatadah said, "Allah did not rebuke his people after they killed him,

إِن كَانَتْ إِلاَّ صَيْحَةً وَحِدَةً فَإِذَا هُمْ خَـمِدُونَ

(It was but one Sayhah and lo! they (all) were still)." Ibn Jarir said, "The former view is more correct, because the Message does not need to be brought by an army." The scholars of Tafsir said, "Allah sent Jibril, peace be upon him, to them, and he seized the pillars at the gate of their city, then he hurled one Sayhah upon them and lo! they (all) were still, to the last man among them, and no soul was left in any body." We have already referred to the reports from many of the Salaf that this city was Antioch, and that these three Messengers were messengers sent from the Messiah `Isa bin Maryam, peace be upon him, as Qatadah and others stated. This is not mentioned by any of the later scholars of Tafsir besides him, and this issue must be examined from a number of angles. (The first) is that if we take this story at face value, it indicates that these men were Messengers from Allah, may He be glorified, not from the Messiah, peace be upon him, as Allah says:

إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَآ إِلَيْهِمُ اثْنَيْنِ فَكَذَّبُوهُمَا فَعَزَّزْنَا بِثَالِثٍ فَقَالُواْ إِنَّآ إِلَيْكُمْ مُّرْسَلُونَ

(When We sent to them two Messengers, they denied them both; so We reinforced them with a third, and they said: "Verily, we have been sent to you as Messengers.") up to:

قَالُواْ رَبُّنَا يَعْلَمُ إِنَّآ إِلَيْكُمْ لَمُرْسَلُونَ - وَمَا عَلَيْنَآ إِلاَّ الْبَلَـغُ الْمُبِينُ

("Our Lord knows that we have been sent as Messengers to you. And our duty is only to convey plainly (the Message).") If they had been from among the Disciples, they would have said something to indicate that they had come from the Messiah, peace be upon him. And Allah knows best. Moreover, if they had been messengers sent by the Messiah, why would the people have said to them,

إِنْ أَنتُمْ إِلاَّ بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُنَا

("You are only human beings like ourselves") (The second) is that the people of Antioch did believe in the messengers sent by the Messiah to them. Antioch was the first city to believe in the Messiah, and it is one of the four cities in which there are Christian patriarchs. These cities are: Jerusalem, because it is the city of the Messiah; Antioch, because it was the first city where all of the people believed in the Messiah; Alexandria, because it was in that city that they agreed to reform the hierarchy of patriarchs, metropolitans (archbishops), bishops, priests, deacons and monks; and Rome, because it is the city of the Emperor Constantine who supported and helped to establish their religion. When he adopted Constantinople as his city, the Patriarch of Rome moved there, as has been mentioned by several historian, such as Sa`id bin Batriq and others, both People of the Book and Muslims. If we accept that, then the people of Antioch were the first to believe, but Allah tells us that the people of this town rejected His Messengers and that He destroyed them with one Sayhah and lo! they (all) were still. And Allah knows best. (The third) is that the story of Antioch and the Disciples of the Messiah happened after the Tawrah had been revealed. Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, and others among the Salaf stated that after revealing the Tawrah, Allah, may He be blessed and exalted, did not destroy an entire nation by sending a punishment upon them. Rather, He commanded the believers to fight the idolators. They mentioned this when discussing the Ayah:

وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَـبَ مِن بَعْدِ مَآ أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ الاٍّولَى

(And indeed We gave Musa -- after We had destroyed the generations of old -- the Scripture) (28:43). This implies that the city mentioned in the Qur'an is a city other than Antioch, as also stated by more than one of the Salaf. Or, if we wish to keep the same name, it is possible that it is another Antioch, not the one which is well-known, for it is not known that it (the famous Antioch) was destroyed, either during Christian times or before. And Allah knows best.

It their punishment was but one Cry — Gabriel gave a cry to them — and lo! they were extinguished silent dead.

In verses 28 and 29, it was said: وَمَا أَنزَلْنَا عَلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ مِن بَعْدِهِ مِن جُندٍ مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ وَمَا كُنَّا مُنزِلِينَ إِن كَانَتْ إِلَّا صَيْحَةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِذَا هُمْ خَامِدُونَ " (And We did not send down to his people any army from the heavens after him, nor were We (in need ) to send down. It was no more than a single Cry, and in no time they were extinguished.)

Mentioned here is the Divine punishment that descended upon the people who had rejected the messengers and had beaten up Habib Najjar until he died a martyr. And regarding the sending of punishment, it was said that Allah did not have to send an army of angels to seize these people - nor was it the way of Allah to send such an army, because just a single angel of Allah is enough to destroy the greatest, mightiest and the bravest of nations. Why would he need to send an army of angels? After that, given there was a crisp description of the punishment coming upon them - it was just a single shrill Cry of the angel, and there they were, all extinguished under its sonic sweep. It appears in Hadith narrations that the archangel, Jibra'il al-'amin (علیہ السلام) ، holding the two sides of the city gate, came up with a hard and horrendous Cry, the shock from which proved unbearable for any living soul, and they all succumbed to sudden death.

The state of their dying has been expressed through the word: خَامِدُونَ khamidun) by the Qur'an. The words: خَامِدا (khamada) and خُمُود (khumud) are used to mean the extinguishing or dying of fire. The life of the living depends on energy. When this energy is not there, what remains is death. So, 'khamidun' means extinguished, gone extinct, put off.