31:11 Luqman (Luqman)

{ هَذَا } أي: خلق العالم العلوي والسفلي، من جماد، وحيوان، وسَوْقِ أرزاق الخلق إليهم { خَلق اللَّه } وحده لا شريك له، كل مقر بذلك حتى أنتم يا معشر المشركين.{ فَأَرُونِي مَاذَا خَلَقَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ دُونِهِ } أي: الذين جعلتموهم له شركاء، تدعونهم وتعبدونهم، يلزم على هذا، أن يكون لهم خلق كخلقه، ورزق كرزقه، فإن كان لهم شيء من ذلك فأرونيه، ليصح ما ادعيتم فيهم من استحقاق العبادة.ومن المعلوم أنهم لا يقدرون أن يروه شيئا من الخلق لها، لأن جميع المذكورات، قد أقروا أنها خلق اللّه وحده، ولا ثَمَّ شيء يعلم غيرها، فثبت عجزهم عن إثبات شيء لها تستحق به أن تعبد.ولكن عبادتهم إياها، عن غير علم وبصيرة، بل عن جهل وضلال، ولهذا قال: { بَلِ الظَّالِمُونَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ } أي: جَلِيٍّ واضح حيث عبدوا من لا يملك نفعا ولا ضرا ولا موتا ولا حياة ولا نشورا، وتركوا الإخلاص للخالق الرازق المالك لكل الأمور.

وقوله تعالى "هذا خلق الله" أي هذا الذي ذكره تعالى من خلق السماوات والأرض وما بينهما صادر عن فعل الله وخلقه وتقديره وحده لا شريك له في ذلك ولهذا قال تعالى "فأروني ماذا خلق الذين من دونه" أي مما تعبدون وتدعون من الأصنام والأنداد "بل الظالمون" يعني المشركين بالله العابدين معه غيره "في ضلال" أي في جهل وعمى "مبين" أي ظاهر واضح لا خفاء به.

Proofs of Tawhid

Thus Allah explains His mighty power in creating the heavens and the earth, and everything that is within them and between them. He says:

خَلَقَ السَّمَـوَتِ بِغَيْرِ عَمَدٍ

(He has created the heavens without any pillars) Al-Hasan and Qatadah said, "It does not have any pillars, visible or invisible."

وَأَلْقَى فِى الاٌّرْضِ رَوَاسِىَ

(and has set on the earth firm mountains) means, the mountains which stabilize and lend weight to the earth, lest it should shake with its water. Allah says:

أَن تَمِيدَ بِكُمْ

(lest it should shake with you.)

وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ دَآبَّةٍ

(And He has scattered therein moving creatures of all kinds) means, He has placed throughout it all kinds of animals, the total number of whose kinds and colors is known to no one except the One Who created them. When Allah tells us that He is the Creator, He also reminds us that He is the Provider, as He says:

وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ السَّمَآءِ مَآءً فَأَنْبَتْنَا فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ زَوْجٍ كَرِيمٍ

(And We send down water from the sky, and We cause (plants) of every goodly kind to grow therein in pairs,) meaning, every kind of good produce in pairs, i.e., they are beautiful to look at. Ash-Sha`bi said: "People are also produce of the earth, so whoever enters Paradise is goodly and whoever enters Hell is vile."

هَـذَا خَلْقُ اللَّهِ

(This is the creation of Allah.) means, all that Allah has mentioned here of the creation of the heavens and earth and everything in between stems from His power of creation and control alone, and He has no partner or associate in that, Allah says:

فَأَرُونِى مَاذَا خَلَقَ الَّذِينَ مِن دُونِهِ

(So, show Me that which those besides Him have created.) those idols and rivals whom you worship and call upon.

بَلِ الظَّـلِمُونَ

(Nay, the wrongdoers) means the idolators who associate others in worship with Allah

فِى ضَلَـلٍ

(in error) means, they are ignorant and blind.

مُّبِينٌ

(plain) means, it is clear and obvious, and not at all hidden.

This is God’s creation in other words what is created by Him. Now show me inform me O people of Mecca what those you worship besides Him those other than Him have created namely your gods so that you have associated them with Him exalted be He mā is an interrogative of denial and a subject; dhā has the significance of alladhī and what follows it of the relative clause is the predicate of the subject mā; arūnī glosses ‘the action’ and what follows it stands in place of two direct objects. Nay bal is for transition but the evildoers are in manifest error error that is evident because of their ascribing partners to God and you are like them.

Commentary

Verse 10 opens with the words: خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ بِغَيْرِ‌ عَمَدٍ تَرَ‌وْنَهَا (He has created the skies without the pillars that you may see). Another verse on the same subject: الَّذِي رَ‌فَعَ السَّمَاوَاتِ بِغَيْرِ‌ عَمَدٍ تَرَ‌وْنَهَا (Allah is the One who raised the heavens without pillars. You see them. 13:2) has appeared earlier in Surah Ar-Ra` d ( with a different translation). Analyzed grammatically, the text admits two alternative meanings.

1. If we were to take تَرَ‌وْنَهَا (tarawnah to be the attribute of عَمَدٍ ( ‘am-ad) and revert its pronoun to 'amad, it would mean that Allah Ta` a1a created the skies without pillars that you may see, that is, had the pillars been there, you would have seen them. When pillars are not seen, it is clear that this great roof of the sky has been erected without pillars. This explanation has been reported from Sayyidna Hasan and Qatadah. (Ibn Kathir)

2. And if we were to take the pronoun of: تَرَ‌وْنَهَا (tarawnaha) as reverting to: السَّمَاوَاتِ (as-samawat: the skies) and this sentence as standing independently, then, it would mean that 'Allah Ta’ ala created the skies without pillars as you see.' Then, there is yet another option in the case of the first grammatical analysis whereby it could also be taken to mean that 'The skies stand on pillars that you cannot see - they are invisible.' This last explanation has been reported from Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah and Mujahid ؓ (IbnKathir).

No matter what the option, the verse does point out to the particular sign of the perfect power of Allah Ta’ ala that He has made this extensive, high and magnificent roof in a way that no column and pillar is seen there-under.