30:47 Ar-Room (The Romans)

أي: { وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ } في الأمم السابقين { رُسُلًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِمْ } حين جحدوا توحيد اللّه وكذبوا بالحق فجاءتهم رسلهم يدعونهم إلى التوحيد والإخلاص والتصديق بالحق وبطلان ما هم عليه من الكفر والضلال، وجاءوهم بالبينات والأدلة على ذلك فلم يؤمنوا ولم يزولوا عن غيهم، { فَانْتَقَمْنَا مِنَ الَّذِينَ أَجْرَمُوا } ونصرنا المؤمنين أتباع الرسل. { وَكَانَ حَقًّا عَلَيْنَا نَصْرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ } أي: أوجبنا ذلك على أنفسنا وجعلناه من جملة الحقوق المتعينة ووعدناهم به فلا بد من وقوعه.فأنتم أيها المكذبون لمحمد صلى اللّه عليه وسلم إن بقيتم على تكذيبكم حلَّت بكم العقوبة ونصرناه عليكم.

قال تعالى "ولقد أرسلنا من قبلك رسلا إلى قومهم فجاءوهم بالبينات فانتقمنا من الذين أجرموا" هذه تسلية من الله تعالى لعبده ورسوله محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم بأنه وإن كذبه كثير من قومه ومن الناس فقد كذبت الرسل المتقدمون مع ما جاءوا أممهم به من الدلائل الواضحات. ولكن انتقم الله ممن كذبهم وخالفهم وأنجى المؤمنين بهم "وكان حق علينا نصر المؤمنين" أي هو حق أوجبه على نفسه الكريمة تكرما وتفضلا كقوله تعالى "كتب ربكم على نفسه الرحمة" وروى ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أبي حدثنا ابن نفيل حدثنا موسى بن أعين عن ليث عن شهر بن حوشب عن أم الدرداء عن أبي الدرداء رضي الله عنه قال سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول "ما من امرئ مسلم يرد عن حوض أخيه إلا كان حقا على الله أن يرد عنه نار جهنم يوم القيامة" ثم تلا هذه الآية "وكان حقا علينا نصر المؤمنين".

Among the Signs of Allah are the Winds

Here Allah mentions the favor He does for His creatures by sending winds to them, as harbingers of His mercy, meaning that they will be followed by rain. Allah says:

وَلِيُذِيقَكُمْ مِّن رَّحْمَتِهِ

(giving you a taste of His mercy,) that is, the rain which will come down and revive people and the land.

وَلِتَجْرِىَ الْفُلْكُ بِأَمْرِهِ

(and that the ships may sail at His command,) means, on the sea, for they are driven by the wind.

وَلِتَبْتَغُواْ مِن فَضْلِهِ

(and that you may seek of His bounty,) means, by trading, earning a living and traveling from one country to another, one region to another.

وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ

(in order that you may be thankful.) means, that you may give thanks to Allah for the innumerable favors He has done for you, both visible and hidden. Then Allah says:

وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ رُسُلاً إِلَى قَوْمِهِمْ فَجَآءُوهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَانتَقَمْنَا مِنَ الَّذِينَ أَجْرَمُواْ

(And indeed We did send Messengers before you to their own peoples. They came to them with clear proofs, then, We took vengeance on those who committed crimes;) These are words of consolation from Allah to His servant and Messenger Muhammad ﷺ. They tell him that if many of his people and of mankind disbelieve in him, the previous Messengers were also rejected, despite the clear signs that they brought, but Allah punished those who rejected and opposed them, and saved those who believed in them.

وَكَانَ حَقّاً عَلَيْنَا نَصْرُ الْمُؤْمِنينَ

(and it was incumbent upon Us to help the believers.) This is a duty which Allah took upon Himself as a blessing and a favor to them. This is like the Ayah,

كَتَبَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ الرَّحْمَةَ

(your Lord has prescribed mercy for Himself) (6:54). Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Abu Ad-Darda', may Allah be pleased with him, said: "I heard Allah's Messenger ﷺ saying:

«مَا مِنِ امْرِىءٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَرُدُّ عَنْ عِرْضِ أَخِيهِ إِلَّا كَانَ حَقًّا عَلَى اللهِ أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَنْهُ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَة»

(No Muslim man defends the honor of his brother except that there would be a right upon Allah to defend him from the fire of Hell on the Day of Resurrection.) Then he recited this Ayah:

وَكَانَ حَقّاً عَلَيْنَا نَصْرُ الْمُؤْمِنينَ

(and it was incumbent upon Us to help the believers.)"

And verily We sent before you messengers to their people and they brought them clear signs plain proofs of their sincerity concerning their Message to them but they denied them. Then We took vengeance upon those who were guilty We destroyed those who denied them and it was ever incumbent upon Us to give victory to the believers over the disbelievers by destroying these and delivering the believers.

Commentary

فَانتَقَمْنَا مِنَ الَّذِينَ أَجْرَ‌مُوا وَكَانَ حَقًّا عَلَيْنَا نَصْرُ‌ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (Then We took vengeance upon those who were guilty. And it was due on Us to help the believers. -30:47). This verse tells us that Allah Ta’ ala has taken it upon Himself to help the believers. On the face of this statement, one would have expected that Muslims would never be defeated against the infidels. But on many occasions, results have been exactly opposite. Answer to this confusion is at hand in this very verse, that by the word 'believers' those believers are intended who fight with infidels purely for the sake of Allah. Allah Ta’ ala takes revenge of only such believers from the criminals and helps them overpower their adversaries. Wherever the position is different, it is due to some sort of slip on the part of the believers, as Qur'an itself has quoted about the battle of Uhud: إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا (Shaitan had but made them slip for some of their deeds - 3:155). Even in such a situation, Allah Ta’ ala graces them with victory and upper hand, once they realize their fault, as it happened in the battle of Uhud. As for such people who are Muslims only by name and are habitual defiant and negligent of the teachings of Islam, and are not penitent even when the infidels gain upper hand, they are for sure not included in this promise of Allah Ta’ ala, and do not qualify for His help. Nonetheless, Allah Ta’ ala provides help by His grace on many occasions without any one deserving it. Therefore, it is always beneficial to beg for His mercy and hope for His help.