3:183 Aal-i-Imraan (The Family of Imraan)

يخبر تعالى عن حال هؤلاء المفترين القائلين: { إن الله عهد إلينا } أي: تقدم إلينا وأوصى، { ألا نؤمن لرسول حتى يأتينا بقربان تأكله النار } فجمعوا بين الكذب على الله، وحصر آية الرسل بما قالوه، من هذا الإفك المبين، وأنهم إن لم يؤمنوا برسول لم يأتهم بقربان تأكله النار، فهم -في ذلك- مطيعون لربهم، ملتزمون عهده، وقد علم أن كل رسول يرسله الله، يؤيده من الآيات والبراهين، ما على مثله آمن البشر، ولم يقصرها على ما قالوه، ومع هذا فقد قالوا إفكا لم يلتزموه، وباطلا لم يعملوا به، ولهذا أمر الله رسوله أن يقول لهم: { قل قد جاءكم رسل من قبلي بالبينات } الدالات على صدقهم { وبالذي قلتم } بأن أتاكم بقربان تأكله النار { فلم قتلتموهم إن كنتم صادقين } أي: في دعواهم الإيمان برسول يأتي بقربان تأكله النار، فقد تبين بهذا كذبهم، وعنادهم وتناقضهم.

قوله تعالى "الذين قالوا إن الله عهد إلينا أن لا نؤمن لرسول حتى يأتينا بقربان تأكله النار" يقول تعالى تكذيبا لهؤلاء الذين زعموا أن الله عهد إليهم في كتبهم أن لا يؤمنوا لرسول حتى يكون من معجزاته أن من تصدق بصدقة من أمته فتقبلت منه أن تنزل نار من السماء تأكلها قاله ابن عباس والحسن وغيرهما. قال الله عز وجل "قل قد جاءكم رسل من قبلي بالبينات" أي بالحجج والبراهين "وبالذي قلتم" أي وبنار تأكل القرابين المتقبلة "فلم قتلتموهم" أي فلم قابلتموهم بالتكذيب والمخالفة والمعاندة وقتلتموهم "إن كنتم صادقين" أنكم تتبعون الحق وتنقادون للرسل.

Allah Warns the Idolators

Sa`id bin Jubayr said that Ibn `Abbas said, "When Allah's statement,

مَّن ذَا الَّذِى يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً

(Who is he that will lend to Allah a goodly loan so that He may multiply it to him many times) 2:245 was revealed, the Jews said, `O Muhammad! Has your Lord become poor so that He asks His servants to give Him a loan' Allah sent down,

لَّقَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ قَالُواْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ أَغْنِيَآءُ

(Indeed, Allah has heard the statement of those (Jews) who say: "Truly, Allah is poor and we are rich!") 3:181."

This Hadith was collected by Ibn Marduwyah and Ibn Abi Hatim.

Allah's statement,

سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُواْ

(We shall record what they have said) contains a threat and a warning that Allah followed with His statement,

وَقَتْلِهِمُ الاٌّنْبِيَآءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ

(and their killing of the Prophets unjustly,)

This is what they say about Allah and this is how they treat His Messengers. Allah will punish them for these deeds in the worst manner,

لَّقَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ قَالُواْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ أَغْنِيَآءُ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُواْ وَقَتْلَهُمُ الاٌّنبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَنَقُولُ ذُوقُواْ عَذَابَ الْحَرِيقِ - ذلِكَ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلَّـمٍ لِّلْعَبِيدِ

(and We shall say: "Taste you the torment of the burning (Fire)." This is because of that which your hands have sent before you. And certainly, Allah is never unjust to (His) servants.)

They will be addressed like this as a way of chastising, criticism, disgrace and humiliation.

Allah said,

الَّذِينَ قَالُواْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَهِدَ إِلَيْنَا أَلاَّ نُؤْمِنَ لِرَسُولٍ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَنَا بِقُرْبَانٍ تَأْكُلُهُ النَّارُ

(Those (Jews) who said: "Verily, Allah has taken our promise not to believe in any Messenger unless he brings to us an offering which the fire (from heaven) shall devour.")

Allah refuted their claim that in their Books, Allah took a covenant from them to only believe in the Messenger whose miracles include fire coming down from the sky that consumes the charity offered by a member of the Messenger's nation, as Ibn `Abbas and Al-Hasan stated. Allah replied,

قُلْ قَدْ جَآءَكُمْ رُسُلٌ مِّن قَبْلِى بِالْبَيِّنَـتِ

(Say: "Verily, there came to you Messengers before me, with Al-Bayinat...") with proofs and evidence,

وَبِالَّذِى قُلْتُمْ

(and even with what you speak of) a fire that consumes the accepted charity, as you asked,

فَلِمَ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ

(why then did you kill them) Why did you meet these Prophets with denial, defiance, stubbornness and even murder,

إِن كُنتُمْ صَـدِقِينَ

(if you are truthful), if you follow the truth and obey the Messengers.

Allah then comforts His Prophet Muhammad ,

فَإِن كَذَّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كُذِّبَ رُسُلٌ مِّن قَبْلِكَ جَآءُوا بِالْبَيِّنَـتِ وَالزُّبُرِ وَالْكِتَـبِ الْمُنِيرِ

(Then if they reject you, so were Messengers rejected before you, who came with Al-Baiyyinat and the Scripture, and the Book of Enlightenment.) meaning, do not be sad because they deny you, for you have an example in the Messengers who came before you. These Messengers were rejected although they brought clear proofs, plain evidence and unequivocal signs,

وَالزُّبُرِ

(and the Zubur), the divinely revealed Books that were sent down to the Messengers,

وَالْكِتَـبِ الْمُنِيرِ

(and the Book of Enlightenment) meaning the clarification and best explanation.

Those alladhīna an adjectival qualification of the previous alladhīna ‘those who’ Q. 3181 same who said to Muhammad (s) ‘God has already made covenant with us in the Torah that we should not believe in any messenger accepting his truthfulness until he bring us an offering to be devoured by fire’ and so we will not believe in you until you bring us this offering namely of grazing livestock or other kind of animal one offers in sacrifice to God. If it is accepted a white fire will come down from the heaven and consume it otherwise it will remain as it is. Such a covenant was made with the Children of Israel but not in the case of Jesus and Muhammad. God exalted be He says Say to them in rebuke ‘messengers have come to you before me with clear proofs with miracles and with that which you said messengers such as Zachariah and John but you slew them the address here is for those living at the time of our Prophet Muhammad (s) even though the deed was their forefathers’ for they their descendants are content with it. Why did you slay them then if you are truthful?’ about the fact that you would believe if it the offering were brought to you.

The fourth verse (183) takes up the case of a false accusation made by these very Jews who came up with an excuse in order to reject the prophethood of the Messenger of Allah. Their contention was that, during the period of past prophets, there used to be a method under which charities and offerings were placed in the centre of an open ground or on top of a hill where heavenly fire came and burnt these to ashes. This used to symbolize that offerings were accepted. But, to the Holy Prophet ﷺ and to his community, Allah Almighty had given the unique distinction that charities were not left to be consumed by heavenly fire. They were given to the poor and needy among Muslims. Since the later method was contrary to the former, the disbelievers found an excuse to say: If you were a prophet, you too would have been given the miracle whereby the heavenly fire would have consumed the offerings and charities. They, not resting at that, became audacious enough to fabricate lies against Allah Almighty claiming that 'He has taken pledge from them to the effect that they are not to believe in a person who is unable to cause the miracle of the coming of a heavenly fire which burns the charitable offerings.

Since this claim of the Jews that Allah had taken a pledge from them was false, there was really no need to counter it. So, to disarm them through their very proven saying, Allah Almighty said: If you are true in saying that Allah has taken such a pledge from you, then, the past prophets who had obliged you by showing the miracle of your choice whereby the heavenly fire consumed the offerings certainly deserved that you should have at least believed in them! But, what actually happened is that you did not spare them either. You still falsi-fied them. In fact, you went to the extreme of transgression by killing them.

Let no one have any doubt here despite the fact that while this claim of the Jews was absolutely false, may be, if this miracle did come to pass at the hand of the Holy Prophet ﷺ chances were that they would probably have come to believe. Such a doubt is unfounded 'because Allah Almighty knew that these people were saying such things simply out of hostility and obstinacy. Thus, even if the miracle they demanded came to pass, they would have still not believed.

((The same are) those who say: Lo! Allah hath charged us�) [3:183]. Said al-Kalbi: �This was revealed about Ka�b al-Ashraf, Malik ibn al-Dayf, Wahb ibn Yahudha, Zayd ibn Tabuh, Finhas ibn �Azura and Huyayy ibn Akhtab who went to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: �You claim that Allah has sent you to us as a messenger and that He revealed a Scripture to you. Well, Allah has charged us in the Torah that we do not believe in any messenger who claims to have been sent by Allah until he brings us an offering which is devoured by fire. If you do that, we will believe in you�. And so Allah, exalted is He revealed this verse�.