29:43 Al-Ankaboot (The Spider)

{ وَتِلْكَ الْأَمْثَالُ نَضْرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ } أي: لأجلهم ولانتفاعهم وتعليمهم، لكونها من الطرق الموضحة للعلوم، ولأنها تقرب الأمور المعقولة بالأمور المحسوسة، فيتضح المعنى المطلوب بسببها، فهي مصلحة لعموم الناس.{ و } لكن { مَا يَعْقِلُهَا } بفهمها وتدبرها، وتطبيقها على ما ضربت له، وعقلها في القلب { إِلَّا الْعَالِمُونَ } أي: أهل العلم الحقيقي، الذين وصل العلم إلى قلوبهم.وهذا مدح للأمثال التي يضربها، وحثٌّ على تدبرها وتعقلها، ومدح لمن يعقلها، وأنه عنوان على أنه من أهل العلم، فعلم أن من لم يعقلها ليس من العالمين.والسبب في ذلك، أن الأمثال التي يضربها اللّه في القرآن، إنما هي للأمور الكبار، والمطالب العالية، والمسائل الجليلة، فأهل العلم يعرفون أنها أهم من غيرها، لاعتناء اللّه بها، وحثه عباده على تعقلها وتدبرها، فيبذلون جهدهم في معرفتها.وأما من لم يعقلها، مع أهميتها، فإن ذلك دليل على أنه ليس من أهل العلم، لأنه إذا لم يعرف المسائل المهمة، فعدم معرفته غيرها من باب أولى وأحرى. ولهذا، أكثر ما يضرب اللّه الأمثال في أصول الدين ونحوها.

ثم قال تعالى "وتلك الأمثال نضربها للناس وما يعقلها إلا العالمون" أي وما يفهمها ويتدبرها إلا الراسخون في العلم المتضلعون منه قال الإمام أحمد حدثنا إسحاق بن عيسى حدثني ابن لهيعة عن أبي قبيل عن عمرو بن العاص رضي الله عنه قال: عقلت عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ألف مثل وهذه منقبة عظيمة لعمرو بن العاص رضي الله عنه حيث يقول الله تعالى "وتلك الأمثال نضربها للناس وما يعقلها إلا العالمون" وقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا علي بن الحسين ثنا أحمد بن عبدالرحمن حدثنا أبي حدثنا ابن سنان عن عمرو بن مرة قال: ما مررت بآية من كتاب الله لا أعرفها إلا أحزنني لأني سمعت الله تعالى يقول "وتلك الأمثال نضربها للناس وما يعقلها إلا العالمون".

Likening the gods of the Idolators to the House of a Spider

This is how Allah described the idolators in their reverence of gods besides Him, hoping that they would help them and provide for them, and turning to them in times of difficulties. In this regard, they were like the house of a spider, which is so weak and frail, because by clinging to these gods they were like a person who holds on to a spider's web, who does not gain any benefit from that. If they knew this, they would not take any protectors besides Allah. This is unlike the Muslim believer, whose heart is devoted to Allah, yet he still does righteous deeds and follows the Laws of Allah, for he has grasped the most trustworthy handle that will never break because it is so strong and firm. Then Allah warns those who worship others besides Him and associate others with Him that He knows what they do and the rivals they associate with Him. He will punish them for their attribution, for He is All-Wise and All-Knowing. Then He says:

وَتِلْكَ الاٌّمْثَالُ نَضْرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ وَمَا يَعْقِلُهَآ إِلاَّ الْعَـلِمُونَ

(And these are the examples We give for mankind; but none will understand them except those who have knowledge.) meaning, no one understands them or ponders them except those who are possessed of deep knowledge. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Amr bin Murrah said, "I never came across an Ayah of the Book of Allah that I did not know, but it grieved me, because I heard that Allah says:

وَتِلْكَ الاٌّمْثَالُ نَضْرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ وَمَا يَعْقِلُهَآ إِلاَّ الْعَـلِمُونَ

(And these are the examples We give for mankind; but none will understand them except those who have knowledge. )"

And such similitudes in the Qur’ān We strike them We coin them for the sake of mankind; but none understands them none grasp them except those who know those who reflect.

وَتِلْكَ الْأَمْثَالُ نَضْرِ‌بُهَا لِلنَّاسِ وَمَا يَعْقِلُهَا إِلَّا الْعَالِمُونَ (And these examples We cite for people, and no one understands them except the knowledgeable ones. - 29:43). After comparing the weakness of the gods of disbelievers with cobweb, it is stressed that Allah Ta’ ala provides such clear examples to elucidate the truth of Oneness. But only knowledgeable persons draw benefit from them, and the people at large do not ponder, so that they could also understand the truth.

Who is knowledgeable in the sight of Allah?

Imam Baghawi has quoted with his own sanad (chain of narrators) a report from Sayyidna Jabir ؓ that the Holy Prophet ﷺ recited this verse and said ` knowledgeable is the one who ponders over Allah's message, and acts in obedience to Him, and keeps away from the deeds that annoy Him'.

This explains that one does not become knowledgeable in the sight of Allah only by developing some understanding of Qur'an and Oath. To be on that high pedestal one needs to give a continual careful thought to Qur'an, and then lead a life conforming to Qur’ anic teachings.

Musnad of Ahmad has reproduced a narration of Sayyidna 'Amr Ibn Al-` As ؓ that he said he had learnt one thousand amthal (maxims or examples) from the Holy Prophet ﷺ . After reproducing this narration, Ibn Kathir has observed that it was a great honour for Sayyidna ` Amr Ibn Al-` As ؓ ، because those who understand the examples (Amthal) given by Allah Ta’ ala and His messenger are termed by the present verse as knowledgeable.

Sayyidna ` Amr Ibn Murrah ؓ has said that he felt very bad whenever he came across any such verse of the Holy Qur'an, which he could not understand, because Allah has said وَتِلْكَ الْاَمْثَالُ نَضْرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ ۚ وَمَا يَعْقِلُهَآ اِلَّا الْعٰلِمُوْنَ (And these examples We cite for people, and no one understands them except the knowledgeable). (Ibn Kathir).