29:3 Al-Ankaboot (The Spider)

يخبر تعالى عن [تمام] حكمته وأن حكمته لا تقتضي أن كل من قال \" إنه مؤمن \" وادعى لنفسه الإيمان، أن يبقوا في حالة يسلمون فيها من الفتن والمحن، ولا يعرض لهم ما يشوش عليهم إيمانهم وفروعه، فإنهم لو كان الأمر كذلك، لم يتميز الصادق من الكاذب، والمحق من المبطل، ولكن سنته وعادته في الأولين وفي هذه الأمة، أن يبتليهم بالسراء والضراء، والعسر واليسر، والمنشط والمكره، والغنى والفقر، وإدالة الأعداء عليهم في بعض الأحيان، ومجاهدة الأعداء بالقول والعمل ونحو ذلك من الفتن، التي ترجع كلها إلى فتنة الشبهات المعارضة للعقيدة، والشهوات المعارضة للإرادة، فمن كان عند ورود الشبهات يثبت إيمانه ولا يتزلزل، ويدفعها بما معه من الحق وعند ورود الشهوات الموجبة والداعية إلى المعاصي والذنوب، أو الصارفة عن ما أمر اللّه به ورسوله، يعمل بمقتضى الإيمان، ويجاهد شهوته، دل ذلك على صدق إيمانه وصحته.ومن كان عند ورود الشبهات تؤثر في قلبه شكا وريبا، وعند اعتراض الشهوات تصرفه إلى المعاصي أو تصدفه عن الواجبات، دلَّ ذلك على عدم صحة إيمانه وصدقه.والناس في هذا المقام درجات لا يحصيها إلا اللّه، فمستقل ومستكثر، فنسأل اللّه تعالى أن يثبتنا بالقول الثابت في الحياة الدنيا وفي الآخرة، وأن يثبت قلوبنا على دينه، فالابتلاء والامتحان للنفوس بمنزلة الكير، يخرج خبثها وطيبها.

ولهذا قال ههنا "ولقد فتنا الذين من قبلهم فليعلمن الله الذين صدقوا وليعلمن الكاذبين" أي الذين صدقوا في دعوى الإيمان ممن هو كاذب في قوله ودعواه والله سبحانه وتعالى يعلم ما كان وما يكون وما لم يكن لو كان كيف يكون. وهذا مجمع عليه عند أئمة السنة والجماعة وبهذا يقول ابن عباس وغيره في مثل قوله "إلا لنعلم" إلا لنرى وذلك لأن الرؤية إنما تتعلق بالموجود والعلم أعم من الرؤية فإنه يتعلق بالمعدوم والموجود.

Which was revealed in Makkah

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

The Believers are tested so that it may be known Who is Sincere and Who is Lying

Allah says:

الم

Alif Lam Mim.

In the beginning of the Tafsir of Surah Al-Baqarah, we discussed the letters which appear at the beginning of some Surahs.

أَحَسِبَ النَّاسُ أَن يُتْرَكُواْ أَن يَقُولُواْ ءَامَنَّا وَهُمْ لاَ يُفْتَنُونَ

(Do people think that they will be left alone because they say: "We believe," and will not be tested.) This is a rebuke in the form of a question, meaning that Allah will inevitably test His believing servants according to their level of faith, as it recorded in the authentic Hadith:

«أَشَدُّ النَّاسِ بَلَاءً الْأَنْبِيَاءُ، ثُمَّ الصَّالِحُونَ، ثُمَّ الْأَمْثَلُ فَالْأَمْثَلُ، يُبْتَلَى الرَّجُلُ عَلَى حَسَبِ دِينِهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي دِينِهِ صَلَابَةٌ زِيدَ لَهُ فِي الْبَلَاء»

(The people most severly tested are the Prophets, then the righteous, then the next best and the next best. A man will be tested in accordance with the degree of his religious commitment; the stonger his religious commitment, the stronger his test.) This Ayah is like the Ayah,

أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَن تَدْخُلُواْ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ جَـهَدُواْ مِنكُمْ وَيَعْلَمَ الصَّـبِرِينَ

(Do you think that you will enter Paradise without Allah knowing those of you who fought (in His cause) and knowing those who are the patient) (3:142) There is a similar Ayah in Surat At-Tawbah. And Allah says:

أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَن تَدْخُلُواْ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأْتِكُم مَّثَلُ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْاْ مِن قَبْلِكُم مَّسَّتْهُمُ الْبَأْسَآءُ وَالضَّرَّآءُ وَزُلْزِلُواْ حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُ مَتَى نَصْرُ اللَّهِ أَلاَ إِنَّ نَصْرَ اللَّهِ قَرِيبٌ

(Or think you that you will enter Paradise without such (trials) as came to those who passed away before you They were afflicted with severe poverty and ailments and were so shaken that even the Messenger and those who believed along with him said, "When (will come) the help of Allah" Yes! Certainly, the help of Allah is near!) (2:214) Allah says here:

وَلَقَدْ فَتَنَّا الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ فَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُواْ وَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ الْكَـذِبِينَ

(And We indeed tested those who were before them so that Allah will know those who are true, and will know those who are liars.) meaning, He will make know which are sincere in their claim to be believers from those who are lying. Allah, may He be glorified and exalted, knows what has happened in the past and what is yet to come, and He knows how that which will not happen would have happened if it were to happen. All the Imams of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama`ah are agreed on this. This is the view of Ibn `Abbas and others concerning phrases such as the Ayah,

إِلاَّ لِنَعْلَمَ

(only that We know) (2:143). Meaning, only to see -- because seeing has to do with what is there, but knowledge is broader than seeing, since it includes what is not present as well as what is.

The Evildoers cannot escape from Allah Allah said:

أَمْ حَسِبَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ السَّيِّئَاتِ أَن يَسْبِقُونَا سَآءَ مَا يَحْكُمُونَ

(Or think those who do evil deeds that they can outstrip Us Evil is that which they judge!) means, those who are not believers should not think that they will escape such trials and tests, for ahead of them lies a greater and more severe punishment. Allah says:

أَمْ حَسِبَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ السَّيِّئَاتِ أَن يَسْبِقُونَا

(Or think those who do evil deeds that they can outstrip Us) meaning, "escape" from Us.

سَآءَ مَا يَحْكُمُونَ

(Evil is that which they judge!) what they think is evil.

And certainly We tried those who were before them. So God shall surely know those who are sincere in their faith — a knowledge of direct vision — and He shall surely know those who are liars regarding it.

فَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ اللَّـهُ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا (So Allah will surely know the ones who are truthful - 29:3). It means that through tests and hardships the good and the bad, and the sincere and non-sincere will be differentiated, because if the hypocrites are mixed up with the sincere believers and are not identified, it may create a number of problems. The object of this verse is to elucidate the difference between the good and the bad, and between the sincere and the non-sincere. The expression used for this purpose is that Allah Ta’ ala will find out who are the true ones and who are the liars. Since He knows about every one even before his birth, whether he is a true one or a liar, the sense carried by this expression is that tests and trials are conducted to bring the distinction of good and bad on surface, so that others should also know.

Hakim-ul-Ummah Thanawi (رح) has copied the argument of his Shaikh, Maulana Muhammad Ya` qub (رح) that sometimes people are addressed by descending down to their level of intellect. The common man makes distinction between the sincere and the hypocrites by testing him out. Therefore, according to their approach of understanding Allah Ta’ ala has said that, through various means, We would find out who is sincere and who is not, even though He knows everything from the very beginning.