29:14 Al-Ankaboot (The Spider)

يخبر تعالى عن حكمه وحكمته في عقوبة الأمم المكذبة، وأن اللّه أرسل عبده ورسوله نوحا عليه الصلاة السلام إلى قومه، يدعوهم إلى التوحيد وإفراد اللّه بالعبادة، والنهي عن الأنداد والأصنام، { فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ } نبيا داعيا { أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَامًا } وهو لا يَنِي بدعوتهم، ولا يفتر في نصحهم، يدعوهم ليلا ونهارا وسرا وجهارا، فلم يرشدوا ولم يهتدوا، بل استمروا على كفرهم وطغيانهم، حتى دعا عليهم نبيهم نوح عليه الصلاة والسلام، مع شدة صبره وحلمه واحتماله، فقال: { رَبِّ لَا تَذَرْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ دَيَّارًا } { فَأَخَذَهُمُ الطُّوفَانُ } أي: الماء الذي نزل من السماء بكثرة، ونبع من الأرض بشدة { وَهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ } مستحقون للعذاب.

هذه تسلية من الله تعالى لعبده ورسوله محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم يخبره عن نوح عليه السلام أنه مكث في قومه هذه المدة يدعوهم إلى الله تعالى ليلا ونهارا وسرا وجهارا ومع هذا ما زادهم ذلك إلا فرارا عن الحق وإعراضا عنه وتكذيبا له وما آمن معه منهم إلا قليل ولهذا قال تعالى: "فلبث فيهم ألف سنة إلا خمسين عاما فأخذهم الطوفان وهم ظالمون" أي بعد هذه المدة الطويلة ما نجع فيهم البلاغ والإنذار فأنت يا محمد لا تأسف على من كفر بك من قومك ولا تحزن عليهم فإن الله يهدي من يشاء ويضل من يشاء وبيده الأمر وإليه ترجع الأمور "إن الذين حقت عليهم كلمة ربك لا يؤمنون ولو جاءتهم كل آية" الآية واعلم أن الله سيظهرك وينصرك ويؤيدك ويذل عدوك ويكبتهم ويجعلهم أسفل السافلين. قال حماد بن سلمة عن علي بن زيد عن يوسف بن ماهك عن ابن عباس قال: بعث نوح وهو لأربعين سنة ولبث في قومه ألف سنة إلا خمسين عاما وعاش بعد الطوفان ستين عاما حتى كثر الناس وفشوا وقال قتادة يقال إن عمره كله ألف سنة إلا خمسين عاما لبث فيهم قبل أن يدعوهم ثلاث مائة سنة ودعاهم ثلاث مائة سنة ولبث بعد الطوفان ثلاثمائة سنة وخمسين عاما وهذا قول غريب وظاهر السياق من الآية أنه مكث في قومه يدعوهم إلى الله ألف سنة إلا خمسين عاما. وقال عون بن أبي شداد إن الله تعالى أرسل نوحا إلى قومه وهو ابن خمسين وثلاث مائة سنة فدعاهم ألف سنة إلا خمسين عاما ثم عاش بعد ذلك ثلاث مائة وخمسين سنة وهذا أيضا غريب رواه ابن أبي حاتم وابن جرير وقول ابن عباس أقرب والله أعلم. وقال الثوري عن سلمة بن كهيل عن مجاهد قال: قال لي ابن عمر كم لبث نوح في قومه؟ قال قلت ألف سنة إلا خمسين عاما قال فإن الناس لم يزالوا في نقصان من أعمارهم وأحلامهم وأخلاقهم إلى يومك هذا.

Nuh and His People

Here Allah consoles His servant and Messenger Muhammad ﷺ by telling him that Nuh, peace be upon him, stayed among his people for this long period of time, calling them night and day, in secret and openly, but in spite of all that they still persisted in their aversion to the truth, turning away from it and disbelieving in him. Only a few of them believed with him. Allah says:

فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلاَّ خَمْسِينَ عَاماً فَأَخَذَهُمُ الطُّوفَانُ وَهُمْ ظَـلِمُونَ

(and he stayed among them a thousand years less fifty years; and the Deluge overtook them while they were wrongdoers.) meaning, `after this long period of time, when the Message and the warning had been of no avail, so, O Muhammad, do not feel sorry because of those among your people who disbelieve in you, and do not grieve for them, for Allah guides whomsoever He wills and leaves astray whomsoever He wills. The matter rests with Him and all things will return to Him.'

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِمْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ وَلَوْ جَآءَتْهُمْ كُلُّ ءايَةٍ

(Truly, those, against whom the Word of your Lord has been justified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come to them) (10:96-97). Know that Allah will help you and support you and cause you to prevail, and He will defeat and humiliate your enemies, and make them the lowest of the low. It was recorded that Ibn `Abbas said: "Nuh received his mission when he was forty years old, and he stayed among his people for a thousand years less fifty; after the Flood he lived for sixty years until people had increased and spread."

فأَنْجَيْنـهُ وأَصْحَـبَ السَّفِينَةِ

(Then We saved him and the Companions of the Boat,) means, those who believed in Nuh, peace be upon him. We have already discussed this in detail in Surah Hud, and there is no need to repeat it here.

وَجَعَلْنَـهَآ ءَايَةً لِّلْعَـلَمِينَ

(and made it (the ship) an Ayah for all people.) means, `We caused that ship to remain,' whether in itself, as Qatadah said, that it remained until the beginning of Islam, on Mount Judi, or whether the concept of sailing in ships was left as a reminder to mankind of how Allah had saved them from the Flood. This is like the Ayat: s

وَءَايَةٌ لَّهُمْ أَنَّا حَمَلْنَا ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ فِى الْفُلْكِ الْمَشْحُونِ - وَخَلَقْنَا لَهُمْ مِّن مِّثْلِهِ مَا يَرْكَبُونَ

(And an Ayah for them is that We bore their offspring in the laden ship. And We have created for them of the like thereunto, on which they ride) until:

وَمَتَاعاً إِلَى حِينٍ

(and as an enjoyment for a while) 36:41-44.

إِنَّا لَمَّا طَغَا الْمَآءُ حَمَلْنَـكُمْ فِى الْجَارِيَةِ - لِنَجْعَلَهَا لَكُمْ تَذْكِرَةً وَتَعِيَهَآ أُذُنٌ وَعِيَةٌ

(Verily, when the water rose beyond its limits, We carried you in the ship. That We might make it an admonition for you and that it might be retained by the retaining ears.) (69:11-12) And Allah says here:

فأَنْجَيْنـهُ وأَصْحَـبَ السَّفِينَةِ وَجَعَلْنَـهَآ ءَايَةً لِّلْعَـلَمِينَ

(Then We saved him and the Companions of the Boat, and made it an Ayah for all people.) This is a shift from referring to one specific ship to speaking about ships in general. A similar shift from specific to general is to be seen in the Ayat:

وَلَقَدْ زَيَّنَّا السَّمَآءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَـبِيحَ وَجَعَلْنَـهَا رُجُوماً لِّلشَّيَـطِينِ

(And indeed We have adorned the nearest heaven with lamps, and We have made such lamps missiles to drive away the Shayatin (devils)) (67:5). meaning, `We have made these lamps missiles, but the lamps which are used as missiles are not the same lamps as are used to adorn the heaven.' And Allah says:

وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الإِنْسَـنَ مِن سُلَـلَةٍ مِّن طِينٍ - ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَـهُ نُطْفَةً فِى قَرَارٍ مَّكِينٍ

(And indeed We created man out of an extract of clay. Thereafter We made him a Nutfah in a safe lodging.) (23:12-13). There are many other similar examples.

And verily We sent Noah to his people when he was forty years of age or older and he remained among them a thousand-less-fifty years calling them to affirm God’s Oneness but they denied him; so the Flood engulfed them a deluge of water drifted against them rising above them and drowning them for they were wrongdoers idolaters.

Commentary

It was described in the previous verses that infidels keep on their opposition and afflictions on Muslims as a routine. In the above verses the Holy Prophet ﷺ was consoled by relating some incidents of earlier people that this practice of harassment of believers by the infidels is going on for long. But they never lost hope due to such harassments. Therefore, you too should not care about the troubles afflicted by the infidels, and should keep on performing firmly your prophetic obligations.

Among the earlier prophets, the story of Sayyidna Nuh (علیہ السلام) was related first. It was so because he was the very first prophet who had to confront with the infidelity and association of others with Allah Ta’ ala. Secondly, any other prophet did not experience the extent of harassment he had to put up with from his own people. It was because he had the exclusive honour from Allah Ta’ ala of having very long life. His life span of nine hundred and fifty years (950) years as quoted by the Holy Qur'an is true without any element of doubt. However, in certain narrations it is mentioned that this relates to the period of his preaching and teaching, and there are additional periods of his life before this and after the deluge. وَاللہُ أعلَم

Living such an unusually long life continuously in preaching and teaching, and enduring all sorts of afflictions, including drubbing and strangling throughout this period, from the infidels was a special distinction of Sayyidna Nuh (علیہ السلام) . Despite all these difficulties and tribulations he did not lose heart ever.

The second story is that of Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) who too passed through many testing trials. First the fire of Namrud, then migration from Syria to a howling deserted place, then slaughtering of the son. All these tribulations tell about the hardships he had gone through. Within the story of Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) a brief mention is also made of Lut (علیہ السلام) and his people. Then upto the end of the Surah mention is made of some other prophets and their antagonistic people. All these stories were related to keep the spirit of the Holy Prophet ﷺ high, and to make Muslims steadfast to the religion.