22:64 Al-Hajj (The Pilgrimage)

{ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وما في الْأَرْضِ } خلقا وعبيدا، يتصرف فيهم بملكه وحكمته وكمال اقتداره، ليس لأحد غيره من الأمر شيء. { وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُوَ الْغَنِيُّ } بذاته الذي له الغنى المطلق التام، من جميع الوجوه، ومن غناه، أنه لا يحتاج إلى أحد من خلقه، ولا يواليهم من ذلة، ولا يتكثر بهم من قلة، ومن غناه، أنه ما اتخذ صاحبة ولا ولدا، ومن غناه، أنه صمد، لا يأكل ولا يشرب، ولا يحتاج إلى ما يحتاج إليه الخلق بوجه من الوجوه، فهو يطعم ولا يطعم، ومن غناه، أن الخلق كلهم مفتقرون إليه، في إيجادهم، وإعدادهم وإمدادهم، وفي دينهم ودنياهم، ومن غناه، أنه لو اجتمع من في السماوات ومن في الأرض، الأحياء منهم والأموات، في صعيد واحد، فسأل كل منهم ما بلغت أمنيته، فأعطاهم فوق أمانيهم، ما نقص ذلك من ملكه شيء، ومن غناه، أن يده سحاء بالخير والبركات، الليل والنهار، لم يزل إفضاله على الأنفاس، ومن غناه وكرمه، ما أودعه في دار كرامته، مما لا عين رأت، ولا أذن سمعت، ولا خطر على قلب بشر.{ الْحَمِيدِ } أي: المحمود في ذاته، وفي أسمائه، لكونها حسنى، وفي صفاته، لكونها كلها صفات كمال، وفي أفعاله، لكونها دائرة بين العدل والإحسان والرحمة والحكمة وفي شرعه، لكونه لا يأمر إلا بما فيه مصلحة خالصة أو راجحة، ولا ينهى إلا عما فيه مفسدة خالصة أو راجحة، الذي له الحمد، الذي يملأ ما في السماوات والأرض، وما بينهما، وما شاء بعدها، الذي لا يحصي العباد ثناء على حمده، بل هو كما أثنى على نفسه، وفوق ما يثني عليه عباده، وهو المحمود على توفيق من يوفقه، وخذلان من يخذله، وهو الغني في حمده، الحميد في غناه.

وقوله " له ما في السموات وما في الأرض " أي ملكه جميع الأشياء وهو غني عما سواه وكل شيء فقير إليه عبد لديه.

Signs of the Power of Allah

This is a further sign of His might and power; that he sends the winds to drive the clouds which deliver rain to the barren land where nothing grows, land which is dry, dusty and desiccated.

فَإِذَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا الْمَآءَ اهْتَزَّتْ وَرَبَتْ

(but when We send down water on it, it is stirred (to life), and it swells) 22:5.

فَتُصْبِحُ الاٌّرْضُ مُخْضَرَّةً

(and then the earth becomes green) This indicates the sequence of events and how everything follows on according to its nature. This is like the Ayah:

ثُمَّ خَلَقْنَا النُّطْفَةَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقْنَا الْعَلَقَةَ مُضْغَةً

(Then We made the Nutfah into a clot , then We made the clot into a little lump of flesh) 23:14. It was recorded in the Two Sahihs that between each stage there are forty days. Allah's saying,

فَتُصْبِحُ الاٌّرْضُ مُخْضَرَّةً

(and then the earth becomes green) means, it becomes green after being dry and lifeless. It was reported from some of the people of Al-Hijaz that the land turns green after rainfall. And Allah knows best.

إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٌ

(Verily, Allah is the Most Kind and Courteous, Well-Acquainted with all things.) He knows what seeds are in the various regions of the earth, no matter how small they are. Nothing whatsoever is hidden from Him. Each of those seeds receives its share of water and begins to grow, as Luqman said:

يبُنَىَّ إِنَّهَآ إِن تَكُ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةٍ مِّنْ خَرْدَلٍ فَتَكُنْ فِى صَخْرَةٍ أَوْ فِى السَّمَـوَتِ أَوْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ يَأْتِ بِهَا اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٌ

("O my son! If it be equal to the weight of a grain of mustard seed, and though it be in a rock, or in the heavens or in the earth, Allah will bring it forth. Verily, Allah is Subtle, Well-Aware.) 31:16 And Allah says:

أَلاَّ يَسْجُدُواْ للَّهِ الَّذِى يُخْرِجُ الْخَبْءَ فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ

(...so they do not worship Allah, Who brings to light what is hidden in the heavens and the earth.) 27:25

وَمَا تَسْقُطُ مِن وَرَقَةٍ إِلاَّ يَعْلَمُهَا وَلاَ حَبَّةٍ فِى ظُلُمَـتِ الاٌّرْضِ وَلاَ رَطْبٍ وَلاَ يَابِسٍ إِلاَّ فِى كِتَـبٍ مُّبِينٍ

(not a leaf falls, but He knows it. There is not a grain in the darkness of the earth nor anything fresh or dry, but is written in a Clear Record.) 6:59

وَمَا يَعْزُبُ عَن رَّبِّكَ مِن مِّثْقَالِ ذَرَّةٍ فِي الاٌّرْضِ وَلاَ فِى السَّمَآءِ وَلاَ أَصْغَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ وَلا أَكْبَرَ إِلاَّ فِى كِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ

(And nothing is hidden from your Lord, the weight of a speck of dust on the earth or in the heaven. Not what is less than that or what is greater than that but it is (written) in a Clear Record.) 10:61

لَهُ مَا فِى السَّمَـوَت وَمَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ

(To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth.) He owns all things, and He has no need of anything besides Himself, everything is in need of Him and in a state of submission to Him.

أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ سَخَّرَ لَكُم مَّا فِى الاٌّرْضِ

(See you not that Allah has subjected to you all that is on the earth,) animals, inanimate things, crops and fruits. This is like the Ayah:

وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمْ مَّا فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَمَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ جَمِيعاً مِّنْهُ

(And has subjected to you all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth) 45:13, meaning that all of this is a blessing and out of His kindness.

وَالْفُلْكَ تَجْرِى فِى الْبَحْرِ بِأَمْرِهِ

(and the ships that sail through the sea by His command) That is because He subjugates it to them and makes it easy for them. In the raging sea with its tempestuous waves, the ships sail gently with their passengers and carry them wherever they want to go for trading and other purposes from one land to another, so that they bring goods from here to there, or vice versa, whatever people want or need.

وَيُمْسِكُ السَّمَآءَ أَن تَقَعَ عَلَى الاٌّرْضِ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ

(He withholds the heaven from falling on the earth except by His leave.) If He willed, He could give the sky permission to fall on the earth, and whoever is in it would be killed, but by His kindness, mercy and power, He withholds the heaven from falling on the earth, except by His leave. He says:

إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِالنَّاسِ لَرَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ

(Verily, Allah is for mankind, full of kindness, Most Merciful.) meaning, even though they do wrong. As Allah says elsewhere:

وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَذُو مَغْفِرَةٍ لِّلنَّاسِ عَلَى ظُلْمِهِمْ وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَشَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ

(But verily, your Lord is full of forgiveness for mankind in spite of their wrongdoing. And verily, your Lord is severe in punishment) 13:6.

وَهُوَ الَّذِى أَحْيَاكُمْ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ إِنَّ الإِنْسَـنَ لَكَفُورٌ

(It is He, Who gave you life, and then will cause you to die, and will again give you life. Verily, man is indeed Kafurun.) This is like the Ayat:

كَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَكُنتُمْ أَمْوَتًا فَأَحْيَـكُمْ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ

(How can you disbelieve in Allah Seeing that you were dead and He gave you life. Then He will give you death, then again will bring you to life and then unto Him you will return.) 2:28,

قُلِ اللَّهُ يُحْيِيكُمْ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يَجْمَعُكُمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَـمَةِ لاَ رَيْبَ فِيهِ

(Say: "Allah gives you life, then causes you to die, then He will assemble you on the Day of Resurrection about which there is no doubt.") 45:26,

قَالُواْ رَبَّنَآ أَمَتَّنَا اثْنَتَيْنِ وَأَحْيَيْتَنَا اثْنَتَيْنِ

(They will say: "Our Lord! You have made us to die twice, and You have given us life twice!") 40:11 So how can you set up rivals to Allah and worship others besides Him when He is the One Who is independent in His powers of creation, provision and control of the existence

وَهُوَ الَّذِى أَحْيَاكُمْ

(It is He, Who gave you life,) means, He gave you life after you were nothing, and brought you into existence.

ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ

(and then will cause you to die, and will again give you life.) means, on the Day of Resurrection.

إِنَّ الإِنْسَـنَ لَكَفُورٌ

(Verily, man is indeed Kafurun.) meaning, denying.

To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth in terms of ownership. Surely God He is Independent of His servants Praiseworthy to His friends.

Commentary

In an earlier verse it has been mentioned that Allah Ta’ ala helps those who are wronged unjustly وَإِنَّ اللَّـهَ عَلَىٰ نَصْرِ‌هِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ‌ (Allah is powerful to give them victory - 22:39) Some people bear their sufferings patiently and do not seek vengeance from their oppressors, but there are others who retaliate and serve a full measure of retribution on their oppressors which should, therefore, place them both on even terms as being quits. But if the oppressor, incensed at the retaliation, attacks him again, then this person once again becomes the victim of oppression. This verse promises Allah's help for such a person also. On the other hand there are several verses which promise Allah's goodwill to those Muslims who bear their sufferings with patience and equanimity and do not seek vengeance from their oppressors. Some of these verses are:

فَمَنْ عَفَا وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَجْرُ‌هُ عَلَى اللَّـهِ

But whoso pardons and puts things right, his wage falls upon Allah - 42:40.

وَلَمَن صَبَرَ‌ وَغَفَرَ‌ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ لَمِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ‌

And that you forgive is closer to Taqwa - 2:237.

But surely he who bears patiently and forgives - surely that is true constancy - 42:43.

In all these verses it is encouraged not to retaliate for revenge and rather forgive and forget, which is a magnanimous way of dealing with fellow human beings. This is the way Qur'anic teachings stand and call it a supreme and superior trait. Thus it may perhaps be argued that the person who retaliates against the wrongs done to him and conducts himself contrary to the course of action preferred by Allah Ta’ ala will be deprived of His support and help. But this doubt has been allayed in the final part of this verseإِنَّ اللَّـهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ‌ (22:60) that is, Allah will not punish him for this lapse and will help him if he is subjected to injustice by his oppressors ever again. (Ruh-ul-Ma’ ani)