22:34 Al-Hajj (The Pilgrimage)

أي: ولكل أمة من الأمم السالفة جعلنا منسكا، أي: فاستبقوا إلى الخيرات وتسارعوا إليها، ولننظر أيكم أحسن عملا، والحكمة في جعل الله لكل أمة منسكا، لإقامة ذكره، والالتفات لشكره، ولهذا قال: { لِيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَهُمْ مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ فَإِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ } وإن اختلفت أجناس الشرائع، فكلها متفقة على هذا الأصل، وهو ألوهية الله، وإفراده بالعبودية، وترك الشرك به ولهذا قال: { فَلَهُ أَسْلِمُوا } أي: انقادوا واستسلموا له لا لغيره، فإن الإسلام له طريق إلى الوصول إلى دار السلام. { وَبَشِّرِ الْمُخْبِتِينَ } بخير الدنيا والآخرة، والمخبت: الخاضع لربه، المستسلم لأمره، المتواضع لعباده .

يخبر تعالى أنه لم يزل ذبح المناسك وإراقة الدماء على اسم الله مشروعا في جميع الملل وقال علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس " ولكل أمة جعلنا منسكا " قال عيدا وقال عكرمة ذبحا وقال زيد بن أسلم في قوله " ولكل أمة جعلنا منسكا " إنها مكة لم يجعل الله لأمة قط منسكا غيرها وقوله " ليذكروا اسم الله على ما رزقهم من بهيمة الأنعام " كما ثبت في الصحيحين عن أنس قال أتى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بكبشين أملحين أقرنين فسمى وكبر ووضع رجله على صفاحهما قال الإمام أحمد بن حنبل حدثنا يزيد بن هارون أنبأنا سلام بن مسكين عن عائذ الله المجاشعي عن أبي داود - وهو نفيع بن الحارث - عن زيد بن أرقم قال قلت أو قالوا يا رسول الله ما هذه الأضاحي؟ قال " سنة أبيكم إبراهيم " قالوا ما لنا منها؟ قال: " بكل شعرة حسنة " قال فالصوف ؟ قال " بكل شعرة من الصوف حسنة " وأخرجه الإمام أبو عبد الله محمد بن يزيد ابن ماجه في سننه من حديث سلام بن مسكين به وقوله " فإلهكم إله واحد فله أسلموا " أي معبودكم واحد وإن تنوعت شرائع الأنبياء ونسخ بعضها بعض فالجميع يدعون إلى عبادة الله وحده لا شريك له " وما أرسلنا من قبلك من رسول إلا نوحي إليه أنه لا إله إلا أنا فاعبدون " ولهذا قال " فله أسلموا " أي أخلصوا واستسلموا لحكمه وطاعته " وبشر المخبتين " قال مجاهد المطمئنين وقال الضحاك وقتادة المتواضعين وقال السدي الوجلين وقال عمرو بن أوس: المخبتين الذين لا يظلمون وإذا ظلموا لم ينتصروا وقال الثوري " وبشر المخبتين " قال المطمئنين الراضين بقضاء الله المستسلمين له وأحسن بما يفسر بما بعده.

Rites of Sacrifice have been prescribed for every Nation in the World

Allah tells us that sacrifice and shedding blood in the Name of Allah has been prescribed for all nations. `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said,

وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ جَعَلْنَا مَنسَكًا

(And for every nation We have appointed religious ceremonies,) "Festivals." `Ikrimah said, "Sacrifices."

وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ جَعَلْنَا مَنسَكًا

(And for every nation We have appointed religious ceremonies,) Zayd bin Aslam said, "This means Makkah; Allah did not appoint religious ceremonies anywhere else for any nation."

لِّيَذْكُرُواْ اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَهُمْ مِّن بَهِيمَةِ الاٌّنْعَـمِ

(that they may mention the Name of Allah over the beast of cattle that He has given them for food.) It was recorded in the Two Sahihs that Anas said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ brought two fat, horned rams; he said Bismillah and Allahu Akbar, then he put his foot on their necks.

فَإِلَـهُكُمْ إِلَـهٌ وَحِدٌ فَلَهُ أَسْلِمُواْ

(And your God is One God, so you must submit to Him Alone.) Your God is One, even though the Laws of the Prophets may vary and may abrogate one another. All of the Prophets called mankind to worship Allah Alone with no partner or associate.

وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ نُوحِى إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ أَنَاْ فَاعْبُدُونِ

(And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed to him (saying): None has the right to be worshipped but I, so worship Me.) 21:25. Allah says:

فَلَهُ أَسْلِمُواْ

(so you must submit to Him Alone.) meaning, submit to His commands and obey Him in all sincerity.

وَبَشِّرِ الْمُخْبِتِينَ

(And give glad tidings to the Mukhbitin.) Mujahid said about Mukhbitin, "Those who find contentment in their faith." Ath-Thawri said, "Those who find contentment in their faith and who accept the decree of Allah and submit to Him." It is better to interpret it by what comes next, which is:

الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ

(Whose hearts are filled with fear when Allah is mentioned,) meaning, their hearts fear Him.

وَالصَّـبِرِينَ عَلَى مَآ أَصَابَهُمْ

(and the patient who bear whatever may befall them) meaning, of afflictions.

وَالْمُقِيمِى الصَّلَوةِ

(and who perform the Salah,) they fulfill the duties which Allah has enjoined upon them, the duty of performing the obligatory prayers.

وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَـهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ

(and who spend out of what We have provided for them.) the good provision which Allah has given them. They spend on their families and servants, and on the poor and needy; they treat people kindly while remaining within the limits set by Allah. This is in contrast to the hypocrites, who are the opposite of all this, as we have discussed in the Tafsir of Surah Bara'ah; to Allah be praise and blessings.

And for every community that is for every believing group that came before you We have appointed a holy rite read mansakan as the verbal noun ‘ritual’ or mansikan as a noun denoting the site for a rite in other words for every community We have appointed a sacrificial slaughter or the site for such a ritual that they might mention God’s Name over the livestock that He has provided them at the point of slaughtering them. For your God is One God so submit yield to Him. And give good tidings to the humbly obedient

Commentary

وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ جَعَلْنَا مَنسَكًا (And for every Ummah We prescribed the act of sacrifice 22:34) The words مَنسَكً and نسَكً means several things in Arabic such as sacrifice of animals, the rites of pilgrimage, and also worship of Allah Ta’ ala. This word has been used in the Qur'an at several places and conveys one of the three meanings. In the present context, the word can carry all the three meanings. Mujahid and some other commentators think that here the word مَنسَكً refers to the sacrifice of the animals in which case the verse would mean that the obligation to offer sacrifice, which has been placed on this Ummah is nothing new, because all the other peoples were likewise bound to do so. On the other hand, according to Qatadah the word means the rites of the pilgrimage, and thus the verse would mean that these rites which have been prescribed for the present Ummah were made obligatory on the people of earlier ages also. Ibn ` Arafah has interpreted the word مَنسَكً to mean worship of Allah, and so the meaning of the verse would be that the worship of Allah was made obligatory on all the peoples of bygone ages and though there were differences in the forms of worship, yet in essence it remained unchanged.

وَبَشِّرِ‌ الْمُخْبِتِينَ (And give good news to those who turn to Him in humbleness). The word خَبت means ‘a depressed tract of land’ and means ` a person who deems himself humble and lowly'. According to ` Amr bin Aws مُخْبِتِينَ are those people who do not wrong others and if somebody wrongs them, they do not seek revenge. Sufyan has observed that they are the people who are contented with Allah's will and remain agreeable in all circumstances, comfort or trouble and poverty or affluence.